饮用水水源地盐龙湖鱼类群落结构特征及调控策略研究
|
摘要
为探明饮用水水源地盐龙湖鱼类群落结构特征,于2015年10月-2016年10月对盐城市饮用水水源地盐龙湖的鱼类群落结构特征及其物种多样性进行了多网目复合刺网和电捕的调查研究。结果显示:盐龙湖现有鱼类6目9科36种,其中鲤形目种类最多,为27种,占物种总数的75%。群落优势种均为小型鱼类,分别占总渔获量和渔获物个体总数的65.87%和76.67%。主要优势种为似鳊(Pseudobrama simony)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、■(Hemiculter leucisculu)、短颌鲚(Coilia brachygnathus)。代表物种多样性特征的Shannon-Wienner多样性指数(H_N)为2.08,Wilhm改进指数(H_W)为2.30,Simpson优势度指数(λ)为0.21,Piesous均匀度指数(J)为0.59,Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)为4.49;相对稀有种数(R)为63.89%。这些结果表明:盐龙湖鱼类群落结构简单、小型化形势严峻,且食鱼性鱼类鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)、翘嘴鲌(Channa argus)和乌鳢(Culter alburnus)等密度和生物量偏低,无法对小型鱼类进行有效控制。因此,水源地湖泊中应采用提高食鱼性鱼类生物量的经典生物操纵手段对鱼类群落进行调控,以利于生态系统健康和水质保护。
Fish community structure and fish diversity were surveyed seasonally in Yanlong Lake from October 2015 to October 2016 to explore the characteristics of the fish community structure in this drinking water source. A total of 2431 individuals belonging to 9 families and 36 species were collected and sampled. The dominant order was Cypriniformes with 27 species, accounting for 75% of the total species number. The dominant species, including Pseudobrama simony, Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculu and Coilia brachygnathus were all small-sized fish, accounting for 65.87% of total catch and 76.67% of total individuals, respectively. The eigenvalues of species diversity were shown as following: Shannon-Wiener's indexes(H_N,H_W) being 2.08 and 2.30, respectively;Simpson's index(λ) being 0.21;Piesous' index(J) being 0.59;Margalef's index(D) being 4.49 and relative rare species(R) being 63.89%. The results indicated that the fish community structure was simple with a severe trend of miniaturization in Yanlong Lake, which is a newly built lake as drinking water source. Furthermore, the density and biomass of piscivorous fish such as Siniperca chuatsi, Channa argus, and Culter alburnus were low, resulting in low efficient control on small-sized fish. Therefore, it is necessary to manipulate fish community structure by using the traditional biomanipulation method to maintain ecosystem health and protect water quality in this kind of lakes, which means to enhance the biomass of piscivorous fish.
Fish community structure and fish diversity were surveyed seasonally in Yanlong Lake from October 2015 to October 2016 to explore the characteristics of the fish community structure in this drinking water source. A total of 2431 individuals belonging to 9 families and 36 species were collected and sampled. The dominant order was Cypriniformes with 27 species, accounting for 75% of the total species number. The dominant species, including Pseudobrama simony, Carassius auratus, Hemiculter leucisculu and Coilia brachygnathus were all small-sized fish, accounting for 65.87% of total catch and 76.67% of total individuals, respectively. The eigenvalues of species diversity were shown as following: Shannon-Wiener's indexes(H_N,H_W) being 2.08 and 2.30, respectively;Simpson's index(λ) being 0.21;Piesous' index(J) being 0.59;Margalef's index(D) being 4.49 and relative rare species(R) being 63.89%. The results indicated that the fish community structure was simple with a severe trend of miniaturization in Yanlong Lake, which is a newly built lake as drinking water source. Furthermore, the density and biomass of piscivorous fish such as Siniperca chuatsi, Channa argus, and Culter alburnus were low, resulting in low efficient control on small-sized fish. Therefore, it is necessary to manipulate fish community structure by using the traditional biomanipulation method to maintain ecosystem health and protect water quality in this kind of lakes, which means to enhance the biomass of piscivorous fish.
引文
[1] Power M E.Grazing minnows,piscivorous bass,and stream algae:dynamics of a strong interaction [J].Ecology,1985,66(5):1448-1456.
[2] Hargrave C W.Effects of fish species richness and assemblage composition on stream ecosystem function [J].Ecol Freshw Fish,2009,18(1):24-32.
[3] Hargrave C W,Ramirez R,Brooks M,et al.Indirect food web interactions increase growth of analgivorous stream fish [J].Freshwater Biol,2006,51(10):1901-1910.
[4] Karr J R.Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities [J].Fisheries,1981,6(6):21-27.
[5]Appelberg M.Swedish standard methods for sampling freshwater fish with multi-mesh gillnets [J].Int J Oncol,2000,26(2):441-448.
[6]陈宜瑜.中国动物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[7]倪勇.太湖鱼类志[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[8]孙菁煜,戴小杰,朱江峰,等.淀山湖鱼类多样性分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(5):454-459.
[9]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.
[10]王生,段辛斌,陈文静,等.鄱阳湖湖口鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(6):50-55.
[11]邓朝阳,朱仁,严云志.长江芜湖江段鱼类多样性及其群落结构的时空格局[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(1):28-36.
[12]崔奕波,李钟杰.长江流域湖泊的渔业资源与环境保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[13]霍堂斌,姜作发,马波,等.黑龙江中游底层鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2591-2598.
[14]陈国宝,李永振,陈新军.南海主要珊瑚礁水域的鱼类物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2007,15(4):373-381.
[15]过龙根,谢平,倪乐意,等.巢湖渔业资源现状及其对水体富营养化的响应研究[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):700-705.
[16]常剑波,曹文宣.通江湖泊的渔业意义及其资源管理对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(2):153-157.
[17]张堂林,李钟杰,郭青松.长江中下游四个湖泊鱼类与渔业研究[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(2):167-177.
[18]张堂林.扁担塘鱼类生活史策略、营养特征及群落结构研究[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2005.
[19]刘恩生,刘正文,陈伟民,等.太湖湖鲚渔获量变化与生物环境间相互关系[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(4):340-345.
[20] Karr J R.Assessing biological integrity in running water:a method and its rationale [J].Special Publication,1986,5(5):1-28.
[21] Post J R,Mcqueen D J.The impact of planktivorous flsh on the structure of a plankton community [J].Freshwater Biol,1987,17(1):79-89.
[22]林涛,崔福义,刘冬梅,等.水源治理中鱼类的摄食选择性对其生物操纵作用的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(1):35-37.
[23]Teixeirade M F,Meerhoff M,Pekcanhekim Z,et al.Substantial differences in littoral fish community structure and dynamics in subtropical and temperate shallow lakes [J].Freshwater Biol,2009,54(6):1202-1215.
[2] Hargrave C W.Effects of fish species richness and assemblage composition on stream ecosystem function [J].Ecol Freshw Fish,2009,18(1):24-32.
[3] Hargrave C W,Ramirez R,Brooks M,et al.Indirect food web interactions increase growth of analgivorous stream fish [J].Freshwater Biol,2006,51(10):1901-1910.
[4] Karr J R.Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities [J].Fisheries,1981,6(6):21-27.
[5]Appelberg M.Swedish standard methods for sampling freshwater fish with multi-mesh gillnets [J].Int J Oncol,2000,26(2):441-448.
[6]陈宜瑜.中国动物志[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.
[7]倪勇.太湖鱼类志[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,2005.
[8]孙菁煜,戴小杰,朱江峰,等.淀山湖鱼类多样性分析[J].上海海洋大学学报,2007,16(5):454-459.
[9]毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2836-2842.
[10]王生,段辛斌,陈文静,等.鄱阳湖湖口鱼类资源现状调查[J].淡水渔业,2016,46(6):50-55.
[11]邓朝阳,朱仁,严云志.长江芜湖江段鱼类多样性及其群落结构的时空格局[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(1):28-36.
[12]崔奕波,李钟杰.长江流域湖泊的渔业资源与环境保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2005.
[13]霍堂斌,姜作发,马波,等.黑龙江中游底层鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,2012,31(10):2591-2598.
[14]陈国宝,李永振,陈新军.南海主要珊瑚礁水域的鱼类物种多样性研究[J].生物多样性,2007,15(4):373-381.
[15]过龙根,谢平,倪乐意,等.巢湖渔业资源现状及其对水体富营养化的响应研究[J].水生生物学报,2007,31(5):700-705.
[16]常剑波,曹文宣.通江湖泊的渔业意义及其资源管理对策[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(2):153-157.
[17]张堂林,李钟杰,郭青松.长江中下游四个湖泊鱼类与渔业研究[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(2):167-177.
[18]张堂林.扁担塘鱼类生活史策略、营养特征及群落结构研究[D].武汉:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2005.
[19]刘恩生,刘正文,陈伟民,等.太湖湖鲚渔获量变化与生物环境间相互关系[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(4):340-345.
[20] Karr J R.Assessing biological integrity in running water:a method and its rationale [J].Special Publication,1986,5(5):1-28.
[21] Post J R,Mcqueen D J.The impact of planktivorous flsh on the structure of a plankton community [J].Freshwater Biol,1987,17(1):79-89.
[22]林涛,崔福义,刘冬梅,等.水源治理中鱼类的摄食选择性对其生物操纵作用的影响[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2006,38(1):35-37.
[23]Teixeirade M F,Meerhoff M,Pekcanhekim Z,et al.Substantial differences in littoral fish community structure and dynamics in subtropical and temperate shallow lakes [J].Freshwater Biol,2009,54(6):1202-1215.