闭坑矿井竖井井筒开发再利用科学探索
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摘要
矿山竖井井筒作为进入地下开采的必由通道,作为混凝土砌筑工程具有支护强度高、纵向空间大和服役全生命周期长等特点,这也决定竖井井筒结构相对于采区巷道结构和采空区结构更加稳定,更适合作为特殊地下空间实现开发再利用。矿山竖井井筒安全服役的全生命周期包括采前的科学设计、采中的安全服役和采后的安全治理、生态保护和科学利用。针对竖井井筒具有隐蔽性、防空性和稳定性等优势特点,以闭坑矿井竖井开发再利用、新能源高效储能及环境保护三者的协同发展为指导理念,充分考虑闭坑矿井竖井井筒精准开发利用的科学性、可能性以及可行性的基础上,凝练了闭坑矿井竖井井筒开发再利用4项主要的科学探索内容,主要包括以重力式抽水蓄能、压缩空气式蓄能2种方式的竖井井筒蓄能电站的探索构想,以流体提升技术、磁悬浮提升技术、流态化提升技术3种技术的深井提升变革基础研究试验探索构想,以微重力试验、风洞科学试验和弹射火箭试验3类试验的大科学试验探索构想以及再生能源蓄积探索构想;围绕保障竖井井筒安全服役这一最终目标,指出了竖井井筒风险判识与监测预警技术为首要任务,亟待建立闭坑竖井井筒再利用安全评价系统,并给出了闭坑竖井井筒再利用安全评价的主控影响因素;最后总结了闭坑矿井井筒开发再利用的探索方向。闭坑矿井竖井井筒科学再利用的思考及探索,符合国家对科学闭坑、去产能资源综合再利用以及生态坏境美化的全生命周期的政策,对提高闭坑矿井资源精准开发利用的国家战略具有重要的经济和战略意义。
Mine vertical shaft is the only way for underground mining. Concrete masonry engineering has the characteristics of high supporting intensity,large vertical space and long service life. The vertical shaft structure is more stable than the mining roadway structure and the goaf structure. It is more suitable for development and reuse as a special underground space. The whole life cycle of mine vertical shaft security service includes pre-harvest scientific design,security service in mining and post-harvest safety management,ecological protection and scientific utilization. It has the advantages of concealment,air defense and stability for the vertical shaft. Guided by the coordinated development of closed pit mine shaft development and reuse,new energy efficient energy storage and environmental protection,fully considering the scientific,possibility and feasibility of the accurate development and utilization of the vertical wellbore of the closed pit mine,four main scientific exploration contents for the development and reuse of shaft wells in closed pit mine were condensed. It contains the explorations and ideas of shaft wellbore storage power station based on gravity pumped storage and compressed air energy storage,the basic research and experimental exploration concept of deep well improvement reform with three technologies: fluid lifting technology,magnetic levitation lifting technology and fluidization lifting technology,the concept of a large scientific experiment with three types of tests:microgravity test,wind tunnel science test and projectile rocket test,and the exploration and ideas of renewable energy accumulation. The ultimate goal is ensuring the security service of vertical shaft. Vertical shaft risk identification and monitoring and early warning technology is the top priority. A closed pit shaft well recycling safety evaluation system is urgently needed to establish. The main control factors affecting the safety evaluation of closed pit shaft re-use are given. Finally,the exploration direction of the development and reuse of closed pit mine shaft is summarized. The thinking and exploration of the scientific re-use of shaft wells in closed pit mines is in line with the national lifecycle policy of scientific closed pits,comprehensive reuse of de-capacity resources and ecological beautification,and a national strategy for improving the precise development and utilization of closed pit mine resources. It has important economic and strategic implications.
Mine vertical shaft is the only way for underground mining. Concrete masonry engineering has the characteristics of high supporting intensity,large vertical space and long service life. The vertical shaft structure is more stable than the mining roadway structure and the goaf structure. It is more suitable for development and reuse as a special underground space. The whole life cycle of mine vertical shaft security service includes pre-harvest scientific design,security service in mining and post-harvest safety management,ecological protection and scientific utilization. It has the advantages of concealment,air defense and stability for the vertical shaft. Guided by the coordinated development of closed pit mine shaft development and reuse,new energy efficient energy storage and environmental protection,fully considering the scientific,possibility and feasibility of the accurate development and utilization of the vertical wellbore of the closed pit mine,four main scientific exploration contents for the development and reuse of shaft wells in closed pit mine were condensed. It contains the explorations and ideas of shaft wellbore storage power station based on gravity pumped storage and compressed air energy storage,the basic research and experimental exploration concept of deep well improvement reform with three technologies: fluid lifting technology,magnetic levitation lifting technology and fluidization lifting technology,the concept of a large scientific experiment with three types of tests:microgravity test,wind tunnel science test and projectile rocket test,and the exploration and ideas of renewable energy accumulation. The ultimate goal is ensuring the security service of vertical shaft. Vertical shaft risk identification and monitoring and early warning technology is the top priority. A closed pit shaft well recycling safety evaluation system is urgently needed to establish. The main control factors affecting the safety evaluation of closed pit shaft re-use are given. Finally,the exploration direction of the development and reuse of closed pit mine shaft is summarized. The thinking and exploration of the scientific re-use of shaft wells in closed pit mines is in line with the national lifecycle policy of scientific closed pits,comprehensive reuse of de-capacity resources and ecological beautification,and a national strategy for improving the precise development and utilization of closed pit mine resources. It has important economic and strategic implications.
引文
[1]袁亮.煤炭精准开采科学构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(1):1-7.YUAN Liang. Scientific conception of precision coal mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(1):1-7.
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[4]谢和平,高明忠,高峰,等.关停矿井转型升级战略构想与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1355-1365.XIE Heping,GAO Mingzhong,GAO Feng,et al.Strategic conceptualization and key technology for the transformation and upgrading of shutdown coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1355-1365.
[5]钱鸣高,许家林,王家臣.再论煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):1-13.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,WANG Jiachen. Further on the sustainable mining of coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):1-13.
[6]武强,李松营.闭坑矿山的正负生态环境效应与对策[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):21-32.WU Qiang,LI Songying.Positive and negative environmental effects of closed mines and its countermeasures[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):21-32.
[7]谢和平,高明忠,张茹,等.地下生态城市与深地生态圈战略构想及其关键技术展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1301-1313.XIE Heping,GAO Mingzhong,ZHANG Ru,et al. The subversive idea and its key technical prospect on underground ecological city and ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1301-1313.
[8]刘志强.煤矿井孔钻进技术及发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):7-15.LIU Zhiqiang. Well drilling technique and development in coal mine shaft construction[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):7-15.
[9]谢和平,侯正猛,高峰,等.煤矿井下抽水蓄能发电新技术:原理、现状及展望[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):965-972.XIE Heping,HOU Zhengmeng,GAO Feng,et al.A new technology of pumped-storage power in underground coal mine:principles,presentsituation and future[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):965-972.
[10]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao. Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[11]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深地煤炭资源流态化开采理论与技术构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):547-556.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang,et al. Theoretical and technological conception of the fluidization mining for deep coal resources[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):547-556.
[12] 973计划(2013CB227900)“西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治与环境保护基础研究”项目组.西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治理论与方法研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):267-275.Research Group of National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB227900)(Basic Study on Geological Hazard Prevention and Environmental Protection in High Intensity Mining of Western Coal Area). Theory and method research of geological disaster prevention on high-intensity coal exploitation in the west areas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):267-275.
[13]纪洪广.“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项项目“深部金属矿建井与提升关键技术”开始实施[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(9):1-9.JI Hongguang.The key projects of the national key research and development plan of the 13th five-year plan,"deep metal mining and upgrading key technologies",have been implemented[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(9):1-9.
[14]姜仁义.深井大规模提升技术及发展趋势[C].徐州:中国矿业科技文汇,2016.
[15]王隆扬,陈会官,林一凡,等.基于磁悬浮技术的矿山深部罐笼提升设备[J].环球人文地理,2016(12):102-204.WANG Longyang,CHEN Huiguan,LIN Yifan,et al. The mine deep cage hoisting equipment based on maglev technology[J].Cultural Geography,2016(12):102-204.
[16]齐子姝,高青,刘研,等.联供模式地下换热器温变及其热泵效能分析[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2012,42(2):339-343.QI Zishu,GAO Qing,LIU Yan,et al. Analysis of the temperature variation of underground heat exchanger and its heat pump efficiency[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2012,42(2):339-343.
[17]齐子姝,江彦.地下蓄能能量传输与传热研究[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2011,28(4):38-40.QI Zishu,JIANG Yan. Research on energy transfer and heat transfer of underground energy storage[J].Journal of Jilin Jianzhu University,2011,28(4):38-40.
[2]袁亮,姜耀东,王凯,等.我国关闭/废弃矿井资源精准开发利用的科学思考[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):14-20.YUAN Liang,JIANG Yaodong,WANG Kai,et al. Precision exploitation and utilization of closed/abandoned mine resources in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):14-20.
[3]黄炳香,刘江伟,李楠,等.矿井闭坑的理论与技术框架[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(4):715-747.HUANG Bingxiang,LIU Jiangwei,LI Nan,et al. Framework of the theory and technology for mine closure[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(4):715-747.
[4]谢和平,高明忠,高峰,等.关停矿井转型升级战略构想与关键技术[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(6):1355-1365.XIE Heping,GAO Mingzhong,GAO Feng,et al.Strategic conceptualization and key technology for the transformation and upgrading of shutdown coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(6):1355-1365.
[5]钱鸣高,许家林,王家臣.再论煤炭的科学开采[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):1-13.QIAN Minggao,XU Jialin,WANG Jiachen. Further on the sustainable mining of coal[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):1-13.
[6]武强,李松营.闭坑矿山的正负生态环境效应与对策[J].煤炭学报,2018,43(1):21-32.WU Qiang,LI Songying.Positive and negative environmental effects of closed mines and its countermeasures[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2018,43(1):21-32.
[7]谢和平,高明忠,张茹,等.地下生态城市与深地生态圈战略构想及其关键技术展望[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(6):1301-1313.XIE Heping,GAO Mingzhong,ZHANG Ru,et al. The subversive idea and its key technical prospect on underground ecological city and ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(6):1301-1313.
[8]刘志强.煤矿井孔钻进技术及发展[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):7-15.LIU Zhiqiang. Well drilling technique and development in coal mine shaft construction[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):7-15.
[9]谢和平,侯正猛,高峰,等.煤矿井下抽水蓄能发电新技术:原理、现状及展望[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(5):965-972.XIE Heping,HOU Zhengmeng,GAO Feng,et al.A new technology of pumped-storage power in underground coal mine:principles,presentsituation and future[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(5):965-972.
[10]顾大钊.煤矿地下水库理论框架和技术体系[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(2):239-246.GU Dazhao. Theory framework and technological system of coal mine underground reservoir[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(2):239-246.
[11]谢和平,高峰,鞠杨,等.深地煤炭资源流态化开采理论与技术构想[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(3):547-556.XIE Heping,GAO Feng,JU Yang,et al. Theoretical and technological conception of the fluidization mining for deep coal resources[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(3):547-556.
[12] 973计划(2013CB227900)“西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治与环境保护基础研究”项目组.西部煤炭高强度开采下地质灾害防治理论与方法研究进展[J].煤炭学报,2017,42(2):267-275.Research Group of National Key Basic Research Program of China(2013CB227900)(Basic Study on Geological Hazard Prevention and Environmental Protection in High Intensity Mining of Western Coal Area). Theory and method research of geological disaster prevention on high-intensity coal exploitation in the west areas[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2017,42(2):267-275.
[13]纪洪广.“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项项目“深部金属矿建井与提升关键技术”开始实施[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(9):1-9.JI Hongguang.The key projects of the national key research and development plan of the 13th five-year plan,"deep metal mining and upgrading key technologies",have been implemented[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(9):1-9.
[14]姜仁义.深井大规模提升技术及发展趋势[C].徐州:中国矿业科技文汇,2016.
[15]王隆扬,陈会官,林一凡,等.基于磁悬浮技术的矿山深部罐笼提升设备[J].环球人文地理,2016(12):102-204.WANG Longyang,CHEN Huiguan,LIN Yifan,et al. The mine deep cage hoisting equipment based on maglev technology[J].Cultural Geography,2016(12):102-204.
[16]齐子姝,高青,刘研,等.联供模式地下换热器温变及其热泵效能分析[J].吉林大学学报:工学版,2012,42(2):339-343.QI Zishu,GAO Qing,LIU Yan,et al. Analysis of the temperature variation of underground heat exchanger and its heat pump efficiency[J].Journal of Jilin University:Engineering and Technology Edition,2012,42(2):339-343.
[17]齐子姝,江彦.地下蓄能能量传输与传热研究[J].吉林建筑工程学院学报,2011,28(4):38-40.QI Zishu,JIANG Yan. Research on energy transfer and heat transfer of underground energy storage[J].Journal of Jilin Jianzhu University,2011,28(4):38-40.