结合激光雷达观测与模式模拟的雾霾区域传输分析
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摘要
以一次2015年1月3日至5日发生在中国中东部地区的严重雾霾事件为例,综合地基微脉冲激光雷达观测和WRF-Chem模式模拟的方法,揭示雾霾事件过程中的气溶胶颗粒物的跨区域传输特征。研究表明,徐州站点的激光雷达探测到1～3 km的外来颗粒物输入,在两次输入过程中,对当地总的气溶胶光学厚度贡献分别为43%和69%。WRF-Chem模式能够有效模拟预报PM_(2.5)浓度,但实测浓度为高值的区域出现低估现象。徐州地区在冬季易受来自山东西部、河南东部以及安徽北部的污染物的影响而引发雾霾,该区域需加强协作、联防联控。近年来我国冬季高空的风向具有规律性,且风速在逐年加快,雾霾从华北地区向华东地区的传输可能将变成常态。
The method integrating ground-based Micro-Pulse Lidar(MPL) observation and WRF-Chem model simulation was used to analyze a severe haze incident in the central and eastern China from January 3 to January 5, 2015 to reveal the regional transport characteristics of aerosol PM in the haze. The lidar at the Xuzhou site detected particulate matters from 1-3 km away, respectively contributing 43% and 69% local pollution during the two inputs. The WRF-Chem model can effectively simulate the PM_(2.5) concentration, but the measured concentration tended to be higher than the estimation. Xuzhou was susceptible to haze caused by pollutants from western Shandong, eastern Henan, and northern Anhui, so the cooperation in these regions should be strengthened to achieve joint prevention and control. In recent years, the wind direction of winter in China was regular and the wind speed increased year by year, so the haze transport from North China to East China might become normal.
The method integrating ground-based Micro-Pulse Lidar(MPL) observation and WRF-Chem model simulation was used to analyze a severe haze incident in the central and eastern China from January 3 to January 5, 2015 to reveal the regional transport characteristics of aerosol PM in the haze. The lidar at the Xuzhou site detected particulate matters from 1-3 km away, respectively contributing 43% and 69% local pollution during the two inputs. The WRF-Chem model can effectively simulate the PM_(2.5) concentration, but the measured concentration tended to be higher than the estimation. Xuzhou was susceptible to haze caused by pollutants from western Shandong, eastern Henan, and northern Anhui, so the cooperation in these regions should be strengthened to achieve joint prevention and control. In recent years, the wind direction of winter in China was regular and the wind speed increased year by year, so the haze transport from North China to East China might become normal.
引文
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[3]HAN X,ZHANG M,TAO J,et al.Modeling Aerosol Impacts on Atmospheric Visibility in Beijing with RAMS-CMAQ[J].Atmospheric Environment,2013,72:177-191.
[4]TAO M,CHEN L,SU L,et al.Satellite Observation of Regional Haze Pollution over the North China Plain[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2012,117(D12):12203.
[5]高怡,张美根.2013年1月华北地区重雾霾过程及其成因的模拟分析[J].气候与环境研究,2014(2):140-152.
[6]蒋永成,赵天良,王宏等.福州市PM2.5污染过程中大气边界层和区域传输研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(2):347-355.
[7]QIN K,WU L,WONG M S,et al.Trans-boundary Aerosol Transport during a Winter Haze Episode in China Revealed by Ground-based Lidar and CALIPSO Satellite[J]Atmospheric Environment,2016,141:20-29.
[8]陈云波,徐峻,何友江等.北京市冬季典型重污染时段PM2.5污染来源模式解析[J].环境科学研究.2016,29(5):627-636..
[9]刘新民,邵敏.北京市夏季大气消光系数的来源分析[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(2):185-189.
[10]林常青,杨东伟,李成才,等.北京地区大气气溶胶的激光雷达观测及反演算法研究[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(3):426-434.
[11]GRELL G A,SCHMITZ P R,MCKEEN S A,et al.Fully Coupled'Online'Chemistry within the WRF Model[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(37):6957-6975.
[12]黄然,潘晓滨,李毅,等.华北地区一次大气污染过程的PM2.5/PM10同化和模拟试验[J].江西农业学报,2017(11):81-86.
[13]杨关盈,邓学良,周广强,等.基于WRF-Chem模式的PM2.5预报效果评估[J].气象科技,2018(1):86-93.
[14]BOYLAN J W,RUSSELL A G.PM and Light Extinction Model Performance Metrics,Goals,and Criteria for THREE-DIMENSIONAL air Quality Models[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(26):4946-4959.
[15]周广强,谢英,吴剑斌,等.基于WRF-Chem模式的华东区域PM2.5预报及偏差原因[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2251-2259..
[16]王哲,王自发,李杰,等.气象-化学双向耦合模式(WRF-NAQPMS)研制及其在京津冀秋季重霾模拟中的应用[J].气候与环境研究,2014,19(2):153-163.
[17]王秋艳.人为气溶胶强迫对东亚夏季风影响的模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2017.
[18]左璇,肖子牛.冬季欧亚型遥相关候时间尺度异常特征及其对我国天气的影响[J].气象,2013,39(9):1096-1102.