生态位视域下科技型中小企业初创期的成长动力及发展策略
|
摘要
近年来,在国家对技术创新创业不断鼓励和扶持下,科技型中小企业年新增数量显著增长。然而,在快速发展的科技与经济环境中,初创期的科技型中小企业发展不确定性较以往明显增大。本文基于生态位视角对初创期的科技型中小企业内外生态位因子进行了分析,认为内部因子包括技术创新、资源管理、组织效率等,外部因子包括科技发展、政府政策、市场需求、有效社会资源等。通过构建企业成长系统动力学模型发现,企业成长系统内部动力对外部动力具有响应与强化作用,外部动力对内部动力具有指导与约束作用。最后,提出科技型中小企业要注重生态位的差异性、不断扩展自身生态位,重视生态位协同,保持和发展适合自身成长系统动力学的有效生态位等政策建议。
In recent years, with continuous encouragement and support for innovation and entrepreneurship by national government,the number of science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) has significantly increased.However, because of fast development of technology and economy, the development of these technological SMEs is more uncertain than before. Based on niche perspective, this paper analyzes the internal and external niche factors of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in the initial stage, and concludes that internal factors include technological innovation, resource management and organizational efficiency, and external factors include scientific and technological development, government policies, market demand and effective social resources. By constructing the dynamic model of the enterprise growth system, it is found that the internal power of the enterprise growth system is responsive and strengthened to the external dynamic force, and the external power has the guidance and restraint function to the internal power. At last, some suggestions are provided: the enterprises should pay attention to differentiation of niche,expand their niche, attach importance to the coordination of niche, and maintain and develop the effective niche suitable for their own growth system dynamics.
In recent years, with continuous encouragement and support for innovation and entrepreneurship by national government,the number of science and technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) has significantly increased.However, because of fast development of technology and economy, the development of these technological SMEs is more uncertain than before. Based on niche perspective, this paper analyzes the internal and external niche factors of small and medium-sized scientific and technological enterprises in the initial stage, and concludes that internal factors include technological innovation, resource management and organizational efficiency, and external factors include scientific and technological development, government policies, market demand and effective social resources. By constructing the dynamic model of the enterprise growth system, it is found that the internal power of the enterprise growth system is responsive and strengthened to the external dynamic force, and the external power has the guidance and restraint function to the internal power. At last, some suggestions are provided: the enterprises should pay attention to differentiation of niche,expand their niche, attach importance to the coordination of niche, and maintain and develop the effective niche suitable for their own growth system dynamics.
引文
[1]Elton C..The Ecology of Animals[M].London:Methuen,1950.
[2]Hutchinson E..Concluding remarks.Cold Spring Harbor Symp[J].Cold Spring Hart Symposium on Quantitative Biology,1957,22:415-427.
[3]Schot J,Geels F..Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys:theory,findings,research agenda,and policy[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2008,20(5):537-554.
[4]Weber W,Hoogma R..Beyond national and technological styles of innovation diffusion:a dynamic perspective on cases from the energy and transport sectors[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,1998,10(4):545-566.
[5]宋燕飞,尤建新,邵鲁宁,等.电动汽车企业生态位的态势效率评价[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(6).
[6]Zhao Z,Linga W,Zillante G..An evaluation of Chinese Wind Turbine Manufacturers using the enterprise niche theory[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(1):725-734.
[7]徐建中,赵斯亮.基于系统动力学的企业原始创新不确定性研究[J].科技进步与对策,2011,(3).
[8]李建钢,李秉祥.创新型企业成长动力机制的系统动力学解释[J].科技管理研究,2014,(19).
[9]高波,秦学成.中小企业可持续发展能力的评价体系与方法[J].统计与决策,2017,(8).
[10]侯合银,王浣尘.高新技术创业企业可持续发展能力评价研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,(8).
[11]Ramdani B,Chevers D,Densil W..SMEs'adoption of enterprise applications:A technology-organisation-environment model[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,2013,20(4):735-753.
[12]刘力钢,刘建基.大数据背景下科技型中小企业社会资本对动态能力的影响[J].科技进步与对策,2017,(21).
[13]Pieter B..The present status of the competitive exclusion principle[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1986,1(1):25-28.
[2]Hutchinson E..Concluding remarks.Cold Spring Harbor Symp[J].Cold Spring Hart Symposium on Quantitative Biology,1957,22:415-427.
[3]Schot J,Geels F..Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys:theory,findings,research agenda,and policy[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,2008,20(5):537-554.
[4]Weber W,Hoogma R..Beyond national and technological styles of innovation diffusion:a dynamic perspective on cases from the energy and transport sectors[J].Technology Analysis&Strategic Management,1998,10(4):545-566.
[5]宋燕飞,尤建新,邵鲁宁,等.电动汽车企业生态位的态势效率评价[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2015,(6).
[6]Zhao Z,Linga W,Zillante G..An evaluation of Chinese Wind Turbine Manufacturers using the enterprise niche theory[J].Renewable&Sustainable Energy Reviews,2012,16(1):725-734.
[7]徐建中,赵斯亮.基于系统动力学的企业原始创新不确定性研究[J].科技进步与对策,2011,(3).
[8]李建钢,李秉祥.创新型企业成长动力机制的系统动力学解释[J].科技管理研究,2014,(19).
[9]高波,秦学成.中小企业可持续发展能力的评价体系与方法[J].统计与决策,2017,(8).
[10]侯合银,王浣尘.高新技术创业企业可持续发展能力评价研究[J].系统工程理论与实践,2003,(8).
[11]Ramdani B,Chevers D,Densil W..SMEs'adoption of enterprise applications:A technology-organisation-environment model[J].Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development,2013,20(4):735-753.
[12]刘力钢,刘建基.大数据背景下科技型中小企业社会资本对动态能力的影响[J].科技进步与对策,2017,(21).
[13]Pieter B..The present status of the competitive exclusion principle[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1986,1(1):25-28.