小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂对肉鸡肠道微生物菌群和酸度的影响
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摘要
为研究小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加不同水平复合酶制剂(含木聚糖酶、纤维素酶、β-葡聚糖酶、植酸酶)对肉鸡胃肠道微生物菌群和食糜酸度的影响,试验选取720只1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡随机分为6组,1组饲喂小麦-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(2~6组)分别在基础饲粮中添加1000、1500、2000、2500、3000 mg/kg复合酶制剂,于21 d、42 d检测消化道微生物数量和食糜酸度。结果表明:(1)21 d和42 d肉鸡十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠内容物乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和总厌氧菌数量2~6组均不同程度高于1组。4~6组空肠乳酸杆菌数量较1组高1.59%~3.20%(P<0.05),盲肠较1组高1.09%~3.60%(P<0.05)。十二指肠双歧杆菌数量较1组高2.92%~4.74%(P<0.05),6组空肠较1组高1.78%~2.59%(P<0.05);42 d肉鸡回肠双歧杆菌数量3~6组较1组高1.04%~1.64%(P<0.05),盲肠较1组高0.63%~1.13%(P<0.05)。十二指肠总厌氧菌数量较1组高0.79%~1.37%(P<0.05),回肠较1组高0.97%~2.71%(P<0.05),盲肠较1组高0.83%~2.11%(P<0.05)。(2)21 d和42 d肉鸡肠道各部位大肠杆菌、总需氧菌数量随复合酶添加水平增加均不同程度下降。回肠大肠杆菌数量较1组低0.94%~1.77%(P<0.05或0.01);42 d肉鸡盲肠较1组低0.83%~1.11%(P<0.05或0.01)。十二指肠总需氧菌数量较1组低1.28%~2.07%(P<0.05);4~6组盲肠较1组低1.07%~2.99%(P<0.05);42 d 5~6组空肠较1组低1.76%、1.76%(P<0.05);6组回肠较1组低1.44%(P<0.05)。(3)消化道(嗉囊、腺胃、肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠和盲肠)食糜pH各试验组较对照组均呈降低趋势(P>0.05)。肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮添加复合酶制剂可优化肠道菌群,提高肠道乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、总厌氧菌数量,降低大肠杆菌、总需氧菌数量,以2000~3000 mg/kg作用效果最好。
To investigate the effect of different levels of compound enzyme preparations(including xylanase,cellulase,beta glucan,phytase) on the gastrointestinal microbial flora and chyme acidity of broilers fed with wheat-soybean meal diets.A total of 720 1 day old AA broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups,1 group was the control fed with wheat-soybean basal diet,test groups(2 ~ 6 groups) were fed with different diets added 1000,1500,2000,2500,3000 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation in the basic diet,respectively.The intestinal microbial populations and chyme acidity in the digestive tract of broilers were detected at 21 d and 42 d.The results showed as follows:(1)The amounts of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and total anaerobic bacteria in duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum contents of 21 d and 42 d broilers in 2 ~ 6 groups were higher than those of group 1.The amounts of Lactobacillus in jejunum of 4 ~ 6 groups were increased by 1.59% ~ 3.20%respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05).The cecum was increased by 1.09% ~ 3.60% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05).The amounts of Bifidobacterium in duodenum were increased by 2.92% ~4.74% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);the jejunum of group 6 was increased by 1.78% ~2.59% compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);42 d the ileum 3 ~ 6 groups were increased by 1.04% ~ 1.64%respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05),the cecum was increased by 0.63% ~ 1.13% respectively compared with the group 1. The amounts of total anaerobic bacteria in duodenum were increased by 0.79% ~1.37% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);the ileum was increased by 1.04% ~ 1.49%respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05),the cecum was increased by 0.83% ~ 2.11% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05).(2)The amounts of Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria in different parts of intestine to 21 d and 42 d broilers decreased with level increasing of the compound enzyme preparation.The Escherichia coli in ileum were reduced by 0.94% ~ 1.77% respectively compared with the group 1(P <0.05 or 0.01);42 d the cecum was reduced by 0.83% ~ 1.11% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05 or 0.01).The amounts of total aerobic bacteria in duodenum were reduced by 1.28% ~ 2.07% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);the cecum of 4 ~ 6 groups were reduced by 1.07% ~ 2.99% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);42 d the jejunum of 5 ~ 6 groups were reduced by 1.76% and 1.76%;respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);The ileum of group 6 was reduced by 1.44% compared with the group 1.(3)The pH of chyme in digestive tract(including crop,proventriculus,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum) showed trend of decreasing in test groups compared with the control group(P > 0.05).The compound enzyme preparation improved the intestinal flora,led to the contents increasing of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,total anaerobic bacteria,while the contents decreasing of Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria,the effect of 2000 ~ 3000 mg/kg was the best.
To investigate the effect of different levels of compound enzyme preparations(including xylanase,cellulase,beta glucan,phytase) on the gastrointestinal microbial flora and chyme acidity of broilers fed with wheat-soybean meal diets.A total of 720 1 day old AA broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups,1 group was the control fed with wheat-soybean basal diet,test groups(2 ~ 6 groups) were fed with different diets added 1000,1500,2000,2500,3000 mg/kg compound enzyme preparation in the basic diet,respectively.The intestinal microbial populations and chyme acidity in the digestive tract of broilers were detected at 21 d and 42 d.The results showed as follows:(1)The amounts of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium and total anaerobic bacteria in duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum contents of 21 d and 42 d broilers in 2 ~ 6 groups were higher than those of group 1.The amounts of Lactobacillus in jejunum of 4 ~ 6 groups were increased by 1.59% ~ 3.20%respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05).The cecum was increased by 1.09% ~ 3.60% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05).The amounts of Bifidobacterium in duodenum were increased by 2.92% ~4.74% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);the jejunum of group 6 was increased by 1.78% ~2.59% compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);42 d the ileum 3 ~ 6 groups were increased by 1.04% ~ 1.64%respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05),the cecum was increased by 0.63% ~ 1.13% respectively compared with the group 1. The amounts of total anaerobic bacteria in duodenum were increased by 0.79% ~1.37% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);the ileum was increased by 1.04% ~ 1.49%respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05),the cecum was increased by 0.83% ~ 2.11% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05).(2)The amounts of Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria in different parts of intestine to 21 d and 42 d broilers decreased with level increasing of the compound enzyme preparation.The Escherichia coli in ileum were reduced by 0.94% ~ 1.77% respectively compared with the group 1(P <0.05 or 0.01);42 d the cecum was reduced by 0.83% ~ 1.11% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05 or 0.01).The amounts of total aerobic bacteria in duodenum were reduced by 1.28% ~ 2.07% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);the cecum of 4 ~ 6 groups were reduced by 1.07% ~ 2.99% respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);42 d the jejunum of 5 ~ 6 groups were reduced by 1.76% and 1.76%;respectively compared with the group 1(P < 0.05);The ileum of group 6 was reduced by 1.44% compared with the group 1.(3)The pH of chyme in digestive tract(including crop,proventriculus,gizzard,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and cecum) showed trend of decreasing in test groups compared with the control group(P > 0.05).The compound enzyme preparation improved the intestinal flora,led to the contents increasing of Lactobacillus,Bifidobacterium,total anaerobic bacteria,while the contents decreasing of Escherichia coli and total aerobic bacteria,the effect of 2000 ~ 3000 mg/kg was the best.
引文
[1]丁雪梅,张克英.小麦-豆粕型日粮添加木聚糖酶对艾维茵肉鸡免疫指标、肠道形态和微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(6):931~937.
[2]冷向军,李小勤,王康宁.p H值对胃蛋白酶原激活率影响的研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2001,20(1):27~30.
[3]吕秋凤,文宗雪,邵彩梅,等.小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道大肠杆菌数量、p H值及食糜黏度的影响[J].饲料工业,2013,34(2):41~44.
[4]任文,喻晓琼,翟恒孝,等.饲用酶制剂调节单胃动物肠道微生态及作用机理[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):762~768.
[5]宋智娟.β-葡聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能、肠道微生物及免疫机能的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].保定:河北农业大学,2006.
[6]薛梅,史雪萍,徐玉,等.肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮中4种单酶复配的体外消化筛选试验[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(3):57~62.
[7]甄建华,于河,谷晓红.肠道微生态医学研究进展概述[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(7):3069~3078.
[8]周利芬.厌氧真菌粗酶制剂的研制及应用研究:[硕士学位论文][D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[9]周小娟,常江,张志帅,等.复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和肠道微生物的影响[J].中国饲料,2013,14:19~22.
[10]Choct M,Kocher A,Waters D L,et al.A comparison of three xylanases on the nutritive value of two wheats for broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2004,92:53~61.
[11]Dikeman C L,Fahey Jr G C.Viscosity as related to dietary fiber:a review[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2006,46(8):649~663.
[12]Hume M F,Kubena L F,Beier R C,et al.Fermentation of[14C]lactose in broiler chicks by ceal anaerobes[J].Poultry Science,1992,71:1464~1470.
[13]Mathlouthi N,Mallet S Saulnier L.Effects of xylanase andβ-glucanase addition on performance,nutrient digestibility,and physico-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal microflora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,51:395~406.
[14]Niba A T,Beal J D,Kudi A C,et al.Bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of non-ruminants:influence of fermented feeds and fermentable carbohydrates[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2009,41(7):1393~1407.
[15]Zacherl C,Eisner P,Engel K H.In vitro model to correlate viscosity and bile acid-binging capacity of digested water-soluble and dietary fibres[J].Food Chemistry,2011,126(2):423~428.
[2]冷向军,李小勤,王康宁.p H值对胃蛋白酶原激活率影响的研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2001,20(1):27~30.
[3]吕秋凤,文宗雪,邵彩梅,等.小麦日粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸡肠道大肠杆菌数量、p H值及食糜黏度的影响[J].饲料工业,2013,34(2):41~44.
[4]任文,喻晓琼,翟恒孝,等.饲用酶制剂调节单胃动物肠道微生态及作用机理[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(3):762~768.
[5]宋智娟.β-葡聚糖酶对肉鸡生产性能、肠道微生物及免疫机能的影响:[硕士学位论文][D].保定:河北农业大学,2006.
[6]薛梅,史雪萍,徐玉,等.肉鸡小麦-豆粕型饲粮中4种单酶复配的体外消化筛选试验[J].中国畜牧杂志,2015,51(3):57~62.
[7]甄建华,于河,谷晓红.肠道微生态医学研究进展概述[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(7):3069~3078.
[8]周利芬.厌氧真菌粗酶制剂的研制及应用研究:[硕士学位论文][D].南京:南京农业大学,2004.
[9]周小娟,常江,张志帅,等.复合酶对肉鸡生产性能和肠道微生物的影响[J].中国饲料,2013,14:19~22.
[10]Choct M,Kocher A,Waters D L,et al.A comparison of three xylanases on the nutritive value of two wheats for broiler chickens[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2004,92:53~61.
[11]Dikeman C L,Fahey Jr G C.Viscosity as related to dietary fiber:a review[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition,2006,46(8):649~663.
[12]Hume M F,Kubena L F,Beier R C,et al.Fermentation of[14C]lactose in broiler chicks by ceal anaerobes[J].Poultry Science,1992,71:1464~1470.
[13]Mathlouthi N,Mallet S Saulnier L.Effects of xylanase andβ-glucanase addition on performance,nutrient digestibility,and physico-chemical conditions in the small intestine contents and caecal microflora of broiler chickens fed a wheat and barley-based diet[J].Journal of Animal Science,2003,51:395~406.
[14]Niba A T,Beal J D,Kudi A C,et al.Bacterial fermentation in the gastrointestinal tract of non-ruminants:influence of fermented feeds and fermentable carbohydrates[J].Tropical Animal Health and Production,2009,41(7):1393~1407.
[15]Zacherl C,Eisner P,Engel K H.In vitro model to correlate viscosity and bile acid-binging capacity of digested water-soluble and dietary fibres[J].Food Chemistry,2011,126(2):423~428.