局部施磷对玉米磷、锌拮抗作用的影响
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摘要
以玉米为试验材料,采用分根装置(设置A、B根室),研究了不同锌水平下局部施磷或整体施磷对玉米生长以及锌、磷含量的影响。试验设置3个磷水平(0、100、200 mg/kg,分别记为P0、P100、P200),两个锌水平(0、5 mg/kg,分别记为Zn0、Zn5)。玉米生长40 d后收获,测定其地上部与地下部生物量、磷、锌元素含量。结果显示,无锌供应条件下,所有处理地上部和地下部的生物量随施磷水平的提高而显著增加,供锌处理后,生物量变化也有相同的趋势。局部施磷导致施磷一侧地下部生物量显著增加。玉米植株磷含量会随施磷水平的提高而增加,而锌含量呈相反的变化趋势。供锌条件下,供磷(P100、P200)一侧(B室)相对未供磷(P0)一侧(A室)锌含量分别显著降低了16.7%和16.1%;不供锌条件下,锌含量分别降低了13.1%和19.9%。玉米植株锌吸收量与根部生物量(B室)的比值随施磷水平的增加呈下降趋势,且相对于均匀施磷,局部施磷条件导致B室的这一比值显著降低。局部施磷方式加剧了磷对锌的拮抗作用,抑制了根对锌的吸收,同时磷水平的提高抑制锌由地下部向地上部转运;磷、锌拮抗作用的发生是玉米植株的整体反应,而非只发生在局部。
The split-root technique(the root was placed in two compartments A and B)was applied to research the effects of local phosphorus application or whole phosphorus application with different zinc application level on the growth of maize and zinc and phosphorus contents.Pot experiment was conducted with different levels of zinc(Zn0,Zn5)and phosphorus(P0,P100,P200)and plant biomass,Zn and P contents were measured after cultured for 40 days.The results showed that the biomass of shoot and root in all treatments increased as phosphorus concentration increased,and same trend occurred when the Zn was supplied.Local application of phosphorus led to increase of root biomass in the room B.The phosphorus content and absorption amount of maize increased with the increase of phosphorus application,however,the zinc content showed the opposite trend.Under the condition of zinc supply,for the P100 and P200 treatments,zinc content in P supply side(room B)was significantly lower than that in P supply side(room A)by 16.7% and 16.1% respectively.Under the condition of no zinc supply,the zinc content of compartment B was significantly reduced by 13.1% and 19.9%.The ratio of zinc uptake to root biomass(B compartment)of maize decreased with the increase of phosphorus application level.Compared with the whole phosphorus application,the ratio in B compartment decreased significantly under local phosphorus application.Local application of phosphorus could promote root growth and absorption of phosphorus in maize,at the same time,the increase of phosphorus level improved the transport of zinc from the root to the shoot.Antagonism of zinc and phosphorus was the whole response,not the local reaction.
The split-root technique(the root was placed in two compartments A and B)was applied to research the effects of local phosphorus application or whole phosphorus application with different zinc application level on the growth of maize and zinc and phosphorus contents.Pot experiment was conducted with different levels of zinc(Zn0,Zn5)and phosphorus(P0,P100,P200)and plant biomass,Zn and P contents were measured after cultured for 40 days.The results showed that the biomass of shoot and root in all treatments increased as phosphorus concentration increased,and same trend occurred when the Zn was supplied.Local application of phosphorus led to increase of root biomass in the room B.The phosphorus content and absorption amount of maize increased with the increase of phosphorus application,however,the zinc content showed the opposite trend.Under the condition of zinc supply,for the P100 and P200 treatments,zinc content in P supply side(room B)was significantly lower than that in P supply side(room A)by 16.7% and 16.1% respectively.Under the condition of no zinc supply,the zinc content of compartment B was significantly reduced by 13.1% and 19.9%.The ratio of zinc uptake to root biomass(B compartment)of maize decreased with the increase of phosphorus application level.Compared with the whole phosphorus application,the ratio in B compartment decreased significantly under local phosphorus application.Local application of phosphorus could promote root growth and absorption of phosphorus in maize,at the same time,the increase of phosphorus level improved the transport of zinc from the root to the shoot.Antagonism of zinc and phosphorus was the whole response,not the local reaction.
引文
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[2]Sun H,Zhang F,Long L,et al.The morphological changes of wheat genotypes as affected by the levels of localized phosphate supply[J].Plant and Soil,2002,245(2):233-238.
[3]Rose T J,Rengel Z,Ma Q,et al.Crop species differ in root plasticity response to localised P supply[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2009,172(3):360-368.
[4]严小龙,廖红,戈振扬.植物根构型特性与磷吸收效率[J].植物学报,2000,17(6):511-519.
[5]Drew M C,Saker L R.Nutrient supply and the growth of the seminal root system in barley.II.Localized compensatory increases in lateral root growth and rates of nitrate uptake when NO3-is restricted to only part of the root system[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1975,26:79-90.
[6]庞欣,李春俭,张福锁.部分根系供磷对小麦幼苗生长及同化物分配的影响[J].作物学报,2000,26(6):719-724.
[7]Stukenholtz D D,Olsen R J,Gogan G,et al.On the mechanism of phosphorus-zinc interaction in corn nutrition 1[J].Soil Sci.Soc.Am.Proc,1966,30(6):759-763.
[8]Gao X,Akhter F,Tenuta M,et al.Mycorrhizal colonization and grain Cd concentration of field-grown durum wheat in response to tillage,preceding crop and phosphorus fertilization[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,90(5):750-758.
[9]Pérez-Novo C,Bermúdez-Couso A,López-Periago E,et al.Zinc adsorption in acid soils:Influence of phosphate[J].Geoderma,2011,162(3):358-364.
[10]Ova E A,Kutman U B,Ozturk L,et al.High phosphorus supply reduced zinc concentration of wheat in native soil but not in autoclaved soil or nutrient solution[J].Plant and Soil,2015,393(1-2):147-162.
[11]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[12]Zoltán Izsáki.Effects of phosphorus supplies on the nutritional status of maize(Zea mays L.)[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2014,45(4):516-529.
[13]Dwivedi R S,Randhawa N S,Bansal R L.Phosphorus-zinc interaction[J].Plant and Soil,1975,43(1):639-648.
[14]Zhang W,Chen X X,Liu Y M,et al.Zinc uptake by roots and accumulation in maize plants as affected by phosphorus application and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization[J].Plant and Soil,2017,413(1-2):59-71.
[15]Xue Y,Yue S,Zhang W,et al.Zinc,iron,manganese and copper uptake requirement in response to nitrogen supply and the increased grain yield of summer maize[J].Plos One,2014,9(4):e93895.
[16]Zhu Y G,Smith F A,Smith S E,et al.Phosphorus efficiencies and their effects on Zn,Cu,and Mn nutrition of different barley(Hordeum vulgare)cultivars grown in sand culture[J].Australian Journal of Agricultural Research,2002,53(4):5-13.
[17]Yang X W,Tian X H,Lu X C,et al.Impacts of phosphorus and zinc levels on phosphorus and zinc nutrition and phytic acid concentration in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2011,91(13):2322-2328.
[18]Zhang W,Liu D,Li C,et al.Zinc accumulation and remobilization in winter wheat as affected by phosphorus application[J].Field Crops Research,2015,184(6):155-161.
[19]孙海国,张福锁.不同施磷方式对小麦生长的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2000,(6):46.