针对浮萍暴发式生长的植物源除草剂的筛选
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摘要
浮萍暴发式生长给河道、湖泊、池塘等水体生态环境造成了较大困扰。探讨中草药提取液对浮萍植物的生长影响,以期为新型植物源除草剂的研制提供科学依据。通过对浮萍表观生长状态观察及对叶绿素、生物量等生长指标的检测,研究了7种常见中草药(甘草、地锦草、金钱草、泽漆、泽泻、黄连、鱼腥草)提取液对紫背浮萍(Soirodela polyrhiza)生长的影响。结果表明:黄连提取液对浮萍叶状体分蘖的抑制作用最佳,培养期间浮萍叶状体数几乎未增加;地锦草提取液对浮萍生物量增长的抑制能力最佳,培养96 h后浮萍生物量下降至对照组的69%;泽泻提取液对浮萍色素水平的影响最大,培养96 h后实验组叶绿素含量下降55%以上,杀青效果明显。因此,从中草药宝库中寻找抑制浮萍暴发的植物源除草剂是可行的。
Due to its ability to form dense mats in small water bodies( such as rivers and landscape ponds),duckweeds are often considered as nuisance plants in some freshwaters. As an attempt to find a new effective management tool,this study set out with the aim of assessing the influence of seven Chinese herb extracts addition upon the growth of duckweeds( Soirodela polyrhiza). The results show that Coptis chinensis Franch,Euphorbia humifusa willd and Alisma plantago-aquatica extracts have significant growth inhibition on Soirodela polyrhiza. Coptis chinensis extract showed statistically significant effect on Soirodela polyrhiza frond growth with few new fronds found after 96 h. Euphorbia humifusa extract increased Soirodela polyrhiza biomass slower than that of the control. Accounting for 69% of control was found after plants received the extract 96 h. Alisma plantago-aquatica extract showed statistically significant effect on Soirodela polyrhiza chlorophyll. Compared with control,higher than 55% chlorophyll decrease was found after plants received the extract 96 h. In conclusion,Chinese herb extracts can inhibit the growth of extract and effectively controlled Soirodela polyrhiza growth. This study suggests that using Chinese herb extract as an herbicide to control the blooms of duckweeds is workable.
Due to its ability to form dense mats in small water bodies( such as rivers and landscape ponds),duckweeds are often considered as nuisance plants in some freshwaters. As an attempt to find a new effective management tool,this study set out with the aim of assessing the influence of seven Chinese herb extracts addition upon the growth of duckweeds( Soirodela polyrhiza). The results show that Coptis chinensis Franch,Euphorbia humifusa willd and Alisma plantago-aquatica extracts have significant growth inhibition on Soirodela polyrhiza. Coptis chinensis extract showed statistically significant effect on Soirodela polyrhiza frond growth with few new fronds found after 96 h. Euphorbia humifusa extract increased Soirodela polyrhiza biomass slower than that of the control. Accounting for 69% of control was found after plants received the extract 96 h. Alisma plantago-aquatica extract showed statistically significant effect on Soirodela polyrhiza chlorophyll. Compared with control,higher than 55% chlorophyll decrease was found after plants received the extract 96 h. In conclusion,Chinese herb extracts can inhibit the growth of extract and effectively controlled Soirodela polyrhiza growth. This study suggests that using Chinese herb extract as an herbicide to control the blooms of duckweeds is workable.
引文
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[11]田延辉,姜辉,黄继光,等.两种除草剂对紫背浮萍的生长抑制活性研究[J].农药科学与管理,2015,36(3):61-65.TIAN Y H,JIANG H,HUANG J G,et al.Growth inhibition of two herbicides on Spirodela polyrrhiza[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2015,36(3):61-65.
[12]黄帆,郭正元,徐珍.测定浮萍叶绿素含量的方法研究[J].实验技术与管理,2007,24(5):29-31.HUANG F,GUO Z Y,XU Z.Determined methods of chlorophyll from lemma paucicostata[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2007,24(5):29-31.
[13]汪志国,王静,李国刚.双波长分光光度法同时测定叶绿素a、b[J].中国环境监测,1999,15(5):21-22.WANG Z G,WANG J,LI G G.Preliminary study on simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a,b by doublewavelength spectrophotometric method[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,1999,15(5):21-22.
[14]张兴,马志卿,冯俊涛,等.植物源农药研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):685-698.ZHANG X,MA Z Q,FENG J T,et al.Review on research and development of botanical pesticides[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2015,31(5):685-698.
[15]TANG Y Z,GOBLER C J.The green macroalga,Ulva lactuca,inhibits the growth of seven common harmful algal bloom species via allelopathy[J].Harmful Algae,2011,10(5):480-488.
[16]JAIN R,SINGH M,DEZMAN D J.Qualitative and quantitative characterization of phenolic compounds from lantana(Lantana camara)leaves[J].Weed Science,1989,37(3):302-307.
[17]鲜啟鸣,陈海东,邹惠仙,等.淡水水生植物化感作用研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):664-669.XIAN Q M,CHEN H D,ZOU H X,et al.Research advances in allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):664-669.
[2]P CZUA W,SUCHORA M.The influence of barley straw extract addition on the growth of duckweed(Lemna valdiviana Phil.)under laboratory conditions[J].Knowledge and Management of Aquatic Ecosystems,2014,415(1):7.
[3]JANSE J H,VAN PUIJENBROEK P J T M.Effects of eutrophication in drainage ditches[J].Environmental Pollution,1998,102(s1):547-552.
[4]KILLGORE K J,HOOVER J J.Effects of hypoxia on fish assemblages in a vegetated waterbody[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2001,39(4):40-44.
[5]COOKE G D,WELCH E B,PETERSON S,et al.Restoration and management of lakes and reservoirs[M].3rd ed.Boca Raton:CRC Press,2005.
[6]LANGELAND K A,HILL O N,KOSCHNICK T J,et al.Evaluation of a new formulation of Reward Landscape and aquatic herbicide for control of duckweed,waterhyacinth,waterlettuce,and hydrilla[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2002,40(1):51-53.
[7]CHESHIER J C,WERSAL R M,MADSEN J D.The susceptibility of duckweed(Lemna minor L.)to fluridone and penoxsulam[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2011,49(1):50-52.
[8]WERSAL R M,MADSEN J D.Combinations of diquat and a methylated seed oil surfactant for control of common duckweed and watermeal[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,2009,47:59-62.
[9]张乐婷,张饮江,张曼曼,等.泽漆水浸液及茶皂素浸提液对浮萍的抑制效果[J].上海海洋大学学报,2014,23(6):890-896.ZHANG L T,ZHANG Y J,ZHANG M M,et al.Study on the inhibitory effect of Euphorbia helioscopia L.aqueous extract with and without tea saponin on Lemna minor L.[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2014,23(6):890-896.
[10]ELAKOVICH S D,WOOFEN J W.Allelopathic potential of sixteen aquatic and wetland plants[J].Journal of Aquatic Plant Management,1989,27:78-84.
[11]田延辉,姜辉,黄继光,等.两种除草剂对紫背浮萍的生长抑制活性研究[J].农药科学与管理,2015,36(3):61-65.TIAN Y H,JIANG H,HUANG J G,et al.Growth inhibition of two herbicides on Spirodela polyrrhiza[J].Pesticide Science and Administration,2015,36(3):61-65.
[12]黄帆,郭正元,徐珍.测定浮萍叶绿素含量的方法研究[J].实验技术与管理,2007,24(5):29-31.HUANG F,GUO Z Y,XU Z.Determined methods of chlorophyll from lemma paucicostata[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2007,24(5):29-31.
[13]汪志国,王静,李国刚.双波长分光光度法同时测定叶绿素a、b[J].中国环境监测,1999,15(5):21-22.WANG Z G,WANG J,LI G G.Preliminary study on simultaneous determination of chlorophyll a,b by doublewavelength spectrophotometric method[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,1999,15(5):21-22.
[14]张兴,马志卿,冯俊涛,等.植物源农药研究进展[J].中国生物防治学报,2015,31(5):685-698.ZHANG X,MA Z Q,FENG J T,et al.Review on research and development of botanical pesticides[J].Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2015,31(5):685-698.
[15]TANG Y Z,GOBLER C J.The green macroalga,Ulva lactuca,inhibits the growth of seven common harmful algal bloom species via allelopathy[J].Harmful Algae,2011,10(5):480-488.
[16]JAIN R,SINGH M,DEZMAN D J.Qualitative and quantitative characterization of phenolic compounds from lantana(Lantana camara)leaves[J].Weed Science,1989,37(3):302-307.
[17]鲜啟鸣,陈海东,邹惠仙,等.淡水水生植物化感作用研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(6):664-669.XIAN Q M,CHEN H D,ZOU H X,et al.Research advances in allelopathy of aquatic macrophytes[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(6):664-669.