柿子滩遗址石英岩石料产地调查和研究
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摘要
柿子滩遗址位于山西吉县清水河流域,属于旧石器时代晚期遗址。出土石制品以燧石为主,但石英岩占据一定比例,对石英岩石料的产地研究成为了解人类行为信息的一个重要方面。对遗址所在区域的地质勘查结果显示,柿子滩遗址的石英岩石料采集于当年的黄河河漫滩,而这些石英岩砾石的地质来源为清水河入黄河口处上游的上三叠统须家河组顶部、下侏罗统珍珠冲组和中下侏罗统自流井组底部地层。对现代黄河河漫滩砾石的地质采样分析认为,燧石石料的稀缺使得石英岩成为石制品制作中必要的石料补充。
The Shizitan Upper Palaeolithic Site is distributed along the Qingshui River in Jixian County, Shanxi Province. The quartzite artifacts occupy a signifi cant proportion second to that of fl int. So, sourcing the quartzite raw meterials is an important method to learn further about the human behavior. According to the geological exploration around the site, the quartzite raw materials were thought to be collected from the fl ood plain by Shizitan human, and the quartzite gravels wer e geologically sourced from the bed rock along the Yel low River. According to the analysis of the gravel samples, quartzite has been the indispensable supplement for tool knapping when the fl int was short.
The Shizitan Upper Palaeolithic Site is distributed along the Qingshui River in Jixian County, Shanxi Province. The quartzite artifacts occupy a signifi cant proportion second to that of fl int. So, sourcing the quartzite raw meterials is an important method to learn further about the human behavior. According to the geological exploration around the site, the quartzite raw materials were thought to be collected from the fl ood plain by Shizitan human, and the quartzite gravels wer e geologically sourced from the bed rock along the Yel low River. According to the analysis of the gravel samples, quartzite has been the indispensable supplement for tool knapping when the fl int was short.
引文
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[16]张抗.黄河中游形成史初探.第四纪研究,1988,8(1).
[17]a.同[15]c.b.邱维理,张家富,周力平等.山西河曲黄河阶地序列初步研究.第四纪研究,2008,(4).
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[19]Zhang,J.F.,Wang,X.Q.,Qiu,Q.L.,Shelach,G.,Hu,G.,Fu,X.,Zhuang,M.G.,Zhou,L.P.The paleolithic site of Longwangchan in the middle Yellow River,China:chronology,paleoenvironment and implications.Journal of Archaeological Science,2011,(38).
[2]a.Church,T.Lithic resource studies:a sourcebook for archaeologists.Lithic Technology,1994,(special publication Vol.3):1~8.b.Odell,H.O.Lithic analysis.New York:Springer Science+Business Media,2004:24~27.
[3]a.吴汝康,吴新智,张森水主编.中国远古人类.北京:科学出版社,1989.b.高星,裴树文.中国古人类石器技术与生存模式的考古学阐释.第四纪研究,2006,26(4).c.Gao,X.Paleolithic cultures in China:uniqueness and divergence.Current Anthropology,2013,54(S8).
[4]李锋,王春雪,刘德成,张晓凌,张双权,高星.周口店第一地点第4~5层脉石英原料产地分析.第四纪研究,2011,31(5).
[5]a.山西省临汾行署文化局.山西吉县柿子滩中石器文化遗址.考古学报,1989,(3).b.石金鸣,宋艳花,阎雅枚.山西吉县柿子滩旧石器时代遗址S14地点.考古,2002,(4).c.赵静芳.柿子滩遗址S12地点发现综述.见:考古学研究(七),北京:科学出版社,2008:223~231.d.石金鸣,宋艳花.山西吉县柿子滩遗址第九地点发掘简报.考古,2010,(10).e.宋艳花,石金鸣.柿子滩遗址第十四地点2002-2005年发掘简报.考古,2013,(2).f.宋艳花,石金鸣.山西吉县柿子滩遗址S12G地点发掘简报.考古与文物,2013,(3).g.宋艳花,石金鸣.山西吉县柿子滩遗址第五地点发掘报告.考古,2016,(4).
[6]同[5]e.
[7]Rapp,G.R.Archaeomineralogy.Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.2009.
[8]王幼平.石器研究--旧石器时代考古方法初探.北京:北京大学出版社,2006:168~173.
[9]胡松梅.略谈我国旧石器时代石器原料的选择与岩性的关系.考古与文物,1992,(2).
[10]北京地质学院区域地质教研室.中国区域地质.北京:中国工业出版社,1963.
[11]中国科学院黄河中游水土保持综合考察队,中国科学院地质研究所.黄河中游第四纪地质调查报告.北京:科学出版社,1962.
[12]陈晋镳,武铁山.华北区区域地层--全国地层多重划分对比研究(10).湖北:中国地质大学出版社,1997.
[13]a.屈茂稳,庞桂珍,郭威,李国填,陆付雄.黄河壶口瀑布成因及与晋陕峡谷的关系.西安工程学院学报,2002,(3).b.张兆琪.黄河壶口瀑布地质遗迹成因.华北国土资源,2009,(2).
[14]a.Lin,A.M.,Yang,Z.Y.,Sun,Z.M.et al.How and when did the Yellow River develop its square bend.Geology,2001,29(10).b.袁宝印,王振海.青藏高原隆起与黄河地文期.第四纪研究,1995,(4).c.刘运明,李有利.山西保德黄河最高阶地形成的时代.地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(1).d.刘志杰,孙永军.青藏高原隆升与黄河形成演化.地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(1).
[15]a.朱照宇.黄河中游河流阶地的形成与水系演化.地理学报,1989,44(4).b.潘保田,李吉均,曹继秀.黄河中游的地貌与地文期问题.兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1994,30(1).(下转86页)c.程绍平,邓起东,闵伟,杨桂枝.黄河晋陕峡谷河流阶地和鄂尔多斯高原第四纪构造运动.第四纪研究,1998,(3).d.王均平.黄河中游晚新生代地貌演化与黄河发育.兰州大学,2006.e.李建星,岳乐平,徐永,孙蕗,孙勃,王晓勇,白斌.从山前砾石看黄河形成与吕梁山隆升.地理科学,2009,29(4).
[16]张抗.黄河中游形成史初探.第四纪研究,1988,8(1).
[17]a.同[15]c.b.邱维理,张家富,周力平等.山西河曲黄河阶地序列初步研究.第四纪研究,2008,(4).
[18]中国社会科学院考古研究所,陕西省考古研究所.陕西宜川县龙王辿旧石器时代遗址.考古,2007,(7).
[19]Zhang,J.F.,Wang,X.Q.,Qiu,Q.L.,Shelach,G.,Hu,G.,Fu,X.,Zhuang,M.G.,Zhou,L.P.The paleolithic site of Longwangchan in the middle Yellow River,China:chronology,paleoenvironment and implications.Journal of Archaeological Science,2011,(38).