不同添加水平多聚甲醛对绵羊瘤胃微生物数量及消化酶活性的影响
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摘要
将5只体重(55.6±3.2)kg、2～3岁、装置了永久性瘤胃瘘管的小尾寒羊公羊,按5×5拉丁方设计,在饲喂相同日粮条件下,在5期试验中分别添喂0、150、300、450和600 mg/kg多聚甲醛,测定瘤胃液pH,氨态氮及挥发性脂肪酸浓度,内纤维素酶、外纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性,并进行原虫、细菌显微镜分类和真菌PCR计数,以研究不同添加剂量多聚甲醛对绵羊瘤胃微生物及消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,添喂150、300、450和600 mg/kg多聚甲醛,绵羊的干物质自由采食量分别增加2.3%(P>0.05)、22.1%(P<0.01)、7.5%(P<0.01)和-6.6%(P<0.01);瘤胃液原虫总数分别减少14.2%、62.5%、72.6%和85.3%(P<0.01);而细菌总数分别增加35.8%、93.8%、-6.8%和-24.2%(P<0.01);真菌拷贝数分别增加2.0%(P>0.05)、5.4%(P>0.05)、14.3%(P<0.01)和26.8%(P<0.01);氨态氮分别降低9.0%、12.0%、14.9%和20.9%(P<0.01);挥发性脂肪酸分别提高2.4%(P>0.05)、-0.3%(P>0.05)、-1.3%(P>0.05)和-10.3%(P<0.01);内纤维素酶活性分别提高6.5%、22.4%、-10.2%和-19.2%(P<0.01);外纤维素酶活性分别提高3.4%(P>0.05)、17.5%(P<0.01)、-18.0%(P<0.01)和-25.7%(P<0.01);纤维二糖酶活性分别提高8.3%、23.7%、-24.9%和-31.8%(P<0.01);淀粉酶活性分别提高2.8%、8.6%、16.0%和23.3%(P<0.01);果胶酶活性分别降低11.8%、12.1%、11.2%和11.1%(P<0.01);蛋白酶活性分别降低10.9%、30.4%、49.6%和56.2%(P<0.01);而木聚糖酶活性没有显著变化(P>0.05)。综合试验结果,多聚甲醛添喂剂量为300 mg/kg时,绵羊的自由采食量最高,此时瘤胃液原虫数量减少而细菌总数最多、纤维素酶活性最高。
Five male sheep with the body weight of(55.6±3.2) kg,2 to 3 years old,fitted with permanent rumen fistula and 5×5 Latin square design were used in this experiment to study the effects of different supplemental doses of paraformaldehyde on the microbiocoenosis and activities of digestive enzymes in rumen of sheep.The sheep was fed with the same base diet supplemented with 0,150,300,450 and 600 mg/kg paraformaldehyde,respectively.The pH and concentrations of the ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids,the activities of the endocellulase,exocellulase,xylanase,pectinase,cellobiase,amylase and protease activities,the numbers of bacteria and protozoa,DNA copies of fungi in rumen fluid were determined.The results showed that,compared to control group,the groups supplemented with 150,300,450 and 600 mg/kg paraformaldehyde respectively,the voluntary intakes of dry matter were increased by 2.3%(P>0.05),22.1%(P<0.01),7.5%(P<0.01) and-6.6%(P<0.01) respectively;The protozoa numbers in rumen fluid were decreased by 14.2%,62.5%,72.6% and 85.3%(P<0.01) respectively;And the total numbers of bacteria increased by 35.8%,93.8%,-6.8% and-24.2%(P < 0.01),respectively;The copies numbers of fungi were increased by 2.0%(P>0.05),5.4%(P>0.05),14.3%(P<0.01) and 26.8%(P<0.01),respectively;The ammonia N of rumen fluid were decreased by 9.0%,12.0%,14.9% and 20.9%(P<0.01),respectively;The volatile fatty acids were increased by 2.4%(P>0.05),-0.3%(P>0.05),-1.3%(P>0.05) and-10.3%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of endocellulase were increased by 6.5%,22.4%,-10.2% and-19.2%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of exocellulase were increased by 3.4%(P>0.05),17.5%(P<0.01),-18.0%(P<0.01) and-25.7%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of cellobiase were increased by 8.3%,23.7%,-24.9% and-31.8%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of amylase were increased by 2.8%,8.6%,16.0% and 23.3%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of pectinase were decreased by 11.8%,12.1%,11.2% and 11.1%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of protease were decreased by 10.9%,30.4%,49.6% and 56.2%(P<0.01) respectively;However,the activities of xylanase did not show any significant changes(P>0.05).It was concluded that when the supplemental doses of paraformaldehyde was 300 mg/kg,the voluntary intake of sheep was the highest,and the protozoa number in rumen fluid was decreased,the total number of bacteria and the cellulase activity were the highest.
Five male sheep with the body weight of(55.6±3.2) kg,2 to 3 years old,fitted with permanent rumen fistula and 5×5 Latin square design were used in this experiment to study the effects of different supplemental doses of paraformaldehyde on the microbiocoenosis and activities of digestive enzymes in rumen of sheep.The sheep was fed with the same base diet supplemented with 0,150,300,450 and 600 mg/kg paraformaldehyde,respectively.The pH and concentrations of the ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids,the activities of the endocellulase,exocellulase,xylanase,pectinase,cellobiase,amylase and protease activities,the numbers of bacteria and protozoa,DNA copies of fungi in rumen fluid were determined.The results showed that,compared to control group,the groups supplemented with 150,300,450 and 600 mg/kg paraformaldehyde respectively,the voluntary intakes of dry matter were increased by 2.3%(P>0.05),22.1%(P<0.01),7.5%(P<0.01) and-6.6%(P<0.01) respectively;The protozoa numbers in rumen fluid were decreased by 14.2%,62.5%,72.6% and 85.3%(P<0.01) respectively;And the total numbers of bacteria increased by 35.8%,93.8%,-6.8% and-24.2%(P < 0.01),respectively;The copies numbers of fungi were increased by 2.0%(P>0.05),5.4%(P>0.05),14.3%(P<0.01) and 26.8%(P<0.01),respectively;The ammonia N of rumen fluid were decreased by 9.0%,12.0%,14.9% and 20.9%(P<0.01),respectively;The volatile fatty acids were increased by 2.4%(P>0.05),-0.3%(P>0.05),-1.3%(P>0.05) and-10.3%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of endocellulase were increased by 6.5%,22.4%,-10.2% and-19.2%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of exocellulase were increased by 3.4%(P>0.05),17.5%(P<0.01),-18.0%(P<0.01) and-25.7%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of cellobiase were increased by 8.3%,23.7%,-24.9% and-31.8%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of amylase were increased by 2.8%,8.6%,16.0% and 23.3%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of pectinase were decreased by 11.8%,12.1%,11.2% and 11.1%(P<0.01),respectively;The activities of protease were decreased by 10.9%,30.4%,49.6% and 56.2%(P<0.01) respectively;However,the activities of xylanase did not show any significant changes(P>0.05).It was concluded that when the supplemental doses of paraformaldehyde was 300 mg/kg,the voluntary intake of sheep was the highest,and the protozoa number in rumen fluid was decreased,the total number of bacteria and the cellulase activity were the highest.
引文
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[7] 雷程红.添喂气溶胶OT和多聚甲醛对妊娠后期母羊采食量和消化代谢的影响[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2015. LEI C H.The Effects of the supplement aerosol OT and paraformaldehyde on the intake,digestion and metabolism in late pregnant sheep[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[8] 赵建军,赵旭昌,王哲,等.高效液相色谱法测定瘤胃内容物挥发性脂肪酸和乳酸[J].兽医大学学报,1993,13(4):393-394. ZHAO J J,ZHAO X C,WANG Z,et al.Determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in rumen contents by high performance liquid chromatography[J].Journal of Veterinary University,1993,13(4):393-394.(in Chinese)
[9] 赵景婵,郭治安,常建华,等.有机酸类化合物的反相高效液相色谱法的分离条件研究[J].色谱,2001,19(3):260-263. ZHAO J C,GUO Z A,CHANG J H,et al.Study on separation conditions of organic acids by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography[J].Chromatography,2001,19(3):260-263.(in Chinese)
[10] 王秋菊,董健,毕玉友,等.乙酰丙酮比色法直接测定啤酒中甲醛[J].中国公共卫生,2004,20(11):1390. WANG Q J,DONG J,BI Y Y,et al.Direct determination of formaldehyde in beer by acetylacetone colorimetry[J].Chinese Journal of Public Health,2004,20(11):1390.(in Chinese)
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