中国典型河流沉积物石英释光性质初探及其物源指示意义
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摘要
石英是地球表面分布最广的矿物之一,抗风化能力较强且性质稳定,是母岩信号的最佳载体。前人研究结果表明石英的释光(包括光释光OSL和热释光TL)灵敏度和母岩以及沉积过程存在一定关系,已初步被应用于沙漠沉积物的判源研究中。河流与海域沉积物相关研究在国内研究较少,文章拟尝试对中国东部沿海三条重要河流(黄河、长江和浊水溪)沉积物中的石英释光性质进行分析,探讨其应用于物源判别的可能性。通过7个粒级(<4μm、4~16μm、16~32μm、32~45μm、45~63μm、63~90μm、90~125μm)的石英释光灵敏度的对比分析发现,同一河流下游河口沉积物中不同粒级的石英释光灵敏度差异明显,<4μm和>45μm粒级的石英110℃TL峰和OSL灵敏度较小,4~45μm粒级较强;黄河、长江和浊水溪同粒级沉积物中石英110℃TL峰和OSL灵敏度均有明显差异,尤其是63μm以下粒级,均表现为长江最大,黄河次之,浊水溪最小。母岩差异和流域搬运—沉积过程是影响河流沉积物石英释光灵敏度的主要因素。沉积物在长江流域内的滞留时间长,石英在流域内的辐照—晒退循环次数增多从而使其释光灵敏度增大,同时流域内广泛分布的富含微量元素的火成岩产出的石英晶体晶格缺陷较多,这两者导致其石英释光灵敏度较大。黄河河口沉积物中石英释光灵敏度继承了其源区黄土高原的特征。浊水溪是山溪性短途河流,水面坡降大,沉积物可迅速被从源区搬运至河口区,石英接受辐照—晒退循环次数少,且其源区母岩多以变质岩为主,这可能是其石英释光灵敏度偏小的原因。石英释光灵敏度随粒级的变化,推测与石英自身发光性质以及河流中沉积物搬运方式的不同有关。泥沙入海后,石英释光灵敏度虽然存在随海域搬运—沉积过程增大的可能性,但据上述研究来看,其增加幅度可能远小于长江、黄河和浊水溪河流间石英释光灵敏度的差值,因此可尝试利用细粒级(4~45μm)石英释光灵敏度为指标进行黄、东海陆架物源追踪探索。
Quartz, one of the most widely distributed minerals on the earth surface, is believed to be the best carrier inheriting parentrock information due to its strong resistance to weathering. The luminescence(thermoluminescence and optically stimulatedluminescence) sensitivity of quartz has been preliminarily tried to trace eolian sediment provenances since it is closely related to itsparent rock and transport-deposit processes. However, little is known about luminescence properties of quartz in the fluvial sediments.The present study compares the luminescence properties of quartz derived from three important rivers of the eastern China(Huanghe,Yangtze and Zhuoshui) and further discuss its possibility of tracing marine sediments. Through analysis of luminescence sensitivity ofquartz among 7 sediment size fractions(<4 μm, 4~16 μm, 16~32 μm, 32~45 μm, 45~63 μm, 63~90 μm, 90~125 μm) from Huanghe,Yangtze and Zhuoshui rivers, the results show that the luminescence sensitivities of 110℃ TL peak and OSL of quartz changed withquartz grain size and the sensitivities of fine and coarse quartz grains are much lower than those of medium quartz(4~45 μm). It is alsofound a significant difference of luminescence sensitivities in all quartz particle fractions among Huanghe, Yangtze and Zhuoshuirivers, with the highest in Yangtze and the lowest in Zhuoshui River. The irradiation and bleaching experiments indicate thattransport-deposit processes might have increased the luminescence sensitivities of quartz to some degree. The quartz experienced moreirradiation and bleaching cycles in the Yangtze drainage basin because the transport time of sediments from source to sink was muchlonger, which might lead to high luminescence sensitivities of quartz. Besides, the quartz generated from mafic igneous rocks in theupper Yangtze also had high luminescence sensitivities. The luminescence sensitivities of quartz from Huanghe sediments inheritquartz properties from Loess Plateau. As a short mountainous river, Zhuoshui River transported sediments quickly from source to thesink, which resulted in low luminescence sensitivities of quartz due to less irradiation and bleaching cycles. In addition, metamorphicrocks distributed widely in the drainage basin produced quartz with low luminescence sensitivities. Meanwhile, high luminescencesensitivities of quartz with medium grain size were believed to the related to fluvial transport pathway and quartz properties. Althoughincreases in quartz luminescence sensitivities are predictable when fluvial sediments are transported in the sea, the increment might bemuch less than the differences among the three rivers based on the above results. Therefore, quartz luminescence properties of 4~45μm fraction are suggested to use for tracing marine sediments in the shelf of Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.
Quartz, one of the most widely distributed minerals on the earth surface, is believed to be the best carrier inheriting parentrock information due to its strong resistance to weathering. The luminescence(thermoluminescence and optically stimulatedluminescence) sensitivity of quartz has been preliminarily tried to trace eolian sediment provenances since it is closely related to itsparent rock and transport-deposit processes. However, little is known about luminescence properties of quartz in the fluvial sediments.The present study compares the luminescence properties of quartz derived from three important rivers of the eastern China(Huanghe,Yangtze and Zhuoshui) and further discuss its possibility of tracing marine sediments. Through analysis of luminescence sensitivity ofquartz among 7 sediment size fractions(<4 μm, 4~16 μm, 16~32 μm, 32~45 μm, 45~63 μm, 63~90 μm, 90~125 μm) from Huanghe,Yangtze and Zhuoshui rivers, the results show that the luminescence sensitivities of 110℃ TL peak and OSL of quartz changed withquartz grain size and the sensitivities of fine and coarse quartz grains are much lower than those of medium quartz(4~45 μm). It is alsofound a significant difference of luminescence sensitivities in all quartz particle fractions among Huanghe, Yangtze and Zhuoshuirivers, with the highest in Yangtze and the lowest in Zhuoshui River. The irradiation and bleaching experiments indicate thattransport-deposit processes might have increased the luminescence sensitivities of quartz to some degree. The quartz experienced moreirradiation and bleaching cycles in the Yangtze drainage basin because the transport time of sediments from source to sink was muchlonger, which might lead to high luminescence sensitivities of quartz. Besides, the quartz generated from mafic igneous rocks in theupper Yangtze also had high luminescence sensitivities. The luminescence sensitivities of quartz from Huanghe sediments inheritquartz properties from Loess Plateau. As a short mountainous river, Zhuoshui River transported sediments quickly from source to thesink, which resulted in low luminescence sensitivities of quartz due to less irradiation and bleaching cycles. In addition, metamorphicrocks distributed widely in the drainage basin produced quartz with low luminescence sensitivities. Meanwhile, high luminescencesensitivities of quartz with medium grain size were believed to the related to fluvial transport pathway and quartz properties. Althoughincreases in quartz luminescence sensitivities are predictable when fluvial sediments are transported in the sea, the increment might bemuch less than the differences among the three rivers based on the above results. Therefore, quartz luminescence properties of 4~45μm fraction are suggested to use for tracing marine sediments in the shelf of Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.
引文
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马丽芳.2002.中国地质图集[M].武汉:地质出版社:105-108.
年小美,周力平,袁宝印.2013.泥河湾陆相沉积物光释光年代学研究及其对古湖泊演化的指示意义[J].第四纪研究,33(3):403-414.
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王亮,范德江,李巍然,等.2015.东海内陆架泥质区百年来黏土矿物组成变化及其环境意义[J].海洋学报,37(5):87-100.
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杨守业,韦刚健,石学法.2015.地球化学方法示踪东亚大陆边缘源汇沉积过程与环境演变[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,34(5):902-910.
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张家富,周力平,姚书春,等.2007.湖泊沉积物的14C和光释光测年--以固城湖为例[J].第四纪研究,27(4):522-528.
张卫国,戴雪荣,张福瑞,等.2007.近7000年巢湖沉积物环境磁学特征及其指示的亚洲季风变化[J].第四纪研究,27(6):1053-1062.
郑辰鑫,周力平.2012.石英释光信号作为粉尘物源示踪手段的再研究[J].第四纪研究,32(5):1036-1045.
Aitken M J.1985.Thermoluminescence Dating[M].Academic Press:1-54.
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Deng K,Yang S,Li C,et al.2017.Detrital zircon geochronology of river sands from Taiwan:Implications for sedimentary provenance of Taiwan and its source link with the east China mainland[J].Earth-Science Reviews,164:31-47.
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Fitzsimmons K E.2011.An assessment of the luminescence sensitivity of Australian quartz with respect to sediment history[J].Geochronometria,38(3):199-208.
Gu J,Chen J,Sun Q,et al.2014.China's Yangtze delta:Geochemical fingerprints reflecting river connection to the sea[J].Geomorphology,113(3):129-136.
Jeong G Y and Choi J H.2012.Variations in quartz OSL components with lithology,weathering and transportation[J].Quaternary Geochronology,10(7):320-326.
Lai Z P and Wintle A G.2006.Locating the boundary between the Holocene and Pleistocene in Chinese loess using luminescence[J].Holocene,16(6):893-899.
Li S.2002.Luminescence sensitivity changes of quartz by bleaching,annealing and UV exposure[J].Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids,157(3):357-364.
Li C,Yang S,Zhao J,et al.2016.The time scale of river sediment source-to-sink processes in East Asia[J].Chemical Geology,446:138-146.
Liu J P,Li A C,Xu K H,et al.2006.Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,26(17):2141-2156.
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邓凯,杨守业,王中波,等.2016.台湾山溪性小河流碎屑重矿物组成及其示踪意义[J].沉积学报,34(3):31-542.
范代读,李从先,Yokoyama K,等.2004.长江三角洲晚新生代地层独居石年龄谱与长江贯通时间研究[J].中国科学(D辑),34(11):1015-1022.
范德江,杨作升,毛登,等.2001.长江与黄河沉积物中粘土矿物及地化成分的组成[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,21(4):7-12.
赖忠平.2008.基于光释光测年的中国黄土中氧同位素阶段2/1和3/2界限位置及年代的确定[J].第四纪研究,28(5):883-891.
李铁刚,曹奇原,李安春,等.2003.从源到汇:大陆边缘的沉积作用[J].地球科学进展,18(5):713-721.
陆凤香,桑隆康.2002.岩石学[M].武汉:地质出版社:230-247.
骆丁,宗开红,苗巧银.2016.长江镇江段第四纪沉积物重矿物特征及其指示意义[J].地质学刊,40(2):243-246.
马骏强,岳伟,刘健辉,等.2017.中国东部入海河流沉积物磁性矿物化学特征及物源意义[J].第四纪研究,37(1):57-66.
马丽芳.2002.中国地质图集[M].武汉:地质出版社:105-108.
年小美,周力平,袁宝印.2013.泥河湾陆相沉积物光释光年代学研究及其对古湖泊演化的指示意义[J].第四纪研究,33(3):403-414.
秦蕴珊,赵松龄.1985.关于中国东海陆架沉积模式与第四纪海侵问题[J].第四纪研究,1(6):27-34.
孙继敏.2004.中国黄土的物质来源及其粉尘的产生机制与搬运过程[J].第四纪研究,24(2):175-183.
王亮,范德江,李巍然,等.2015.东海内陆架泥质区百年来黏土矿物组成变化及其环境意义[J].海洋学报,37(5):87-100.
魏飞.2013.渤海湾西部表层沉积物粒度和黏土矿物特征及物源分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学.
杨守业,李从先.1999.长江与黄河沉积物REE地球化学及示踪作用[J].地球化学,28(4):374-380.
杨守业,韦刚健,石学法.2015.地球化学方法示踪东亚大陆边缘源汇沉积过程与环境演变[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,34(5):902-910.
于禄鹏,赖忠平,安萍.2013.柴达木盆地中部与西南部古沙丘的光释光年代学研究[J].中国沙漠,33(2):453-462.
张家富,周力平,姚书春,等.2007.湖泊沉积物的14C和光释光测年--以固城湖为例[J].第四纪研究,27(4):522-528.
张卫国,戴雪荣,张福瑞,等.2007.近7000年巢湖沉积物环境磁学特征及其指示的亚洲季风变化[J].第四纪研究,27(6):1053-1062.
郑辰鑫,周力平.2012.石英释光信号作为粉尘物源示踪手段的再研究[J].第四纪研究,32(5):1036-1045.
Aitken M J.1985.Thermoluminescence Dating[M].Academic Press:1-54.
Aitken M J.1998.An Introduction to Optical Dating[M].Oxford University Press:11-20.
Chen J,Wang Z,Chen Z,et al.2009.Diagnostic heavy minerals in Plio-leistocene sediments of the Yangtze Coast,China with special reference to the Yangtze River connection into the sea[J].Geomorphology,113(3):129-136.
Deng K,Yang S,Li C,et al.2017.Detrital zircon geochronology of river sands from Taiwan:Implications for sedimentary provenance of Taiwan and its source link with the east China mainland[J].Earth-Science Reviews,164:31-47.
Fitzsimmons K E,Rhodes E J and Barrows T T.2010.OSL dating of southeast Australian quartz:A preliminary assessment of luminescence characteristics and behaviour[J].Quaternary Geochronology,5(2):91-95.
Fitzsimmons K E.2011.An assessment of the luminescence sensitivity of Australian quartz with respect to sediment history[J].Geochronometria,38(3):199-208.
Gu J,Chen J,Sun Q,et al.2014.China's Yangtze delta:Geochemical fingerprints reflecting river connection to the sea[J].Geomorphology,113(3):129-136.
Jeong G Y and Choi J H.2012.Variations in quartz OSL components with lithology,weathering and transportation[J].Quaternary Geochronology,10(7):320-326.
Lai Z P and Wintle A G.2006.Locating the boundary between the Holocene and Pleistocene in Chinese loess using luminescence[J].Holocene,16(6):893-899.
Li S.2002.Luminescence sensitivity changes of quartz by bleaching,annealing and UV exposure[J].Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids,157(3):357-364.
Li C,Yang S,Zhao J,et al.2016.The time scale of river sediment source-to-sink processes in East Asia[J].Chemical Geology,446:138-146.
Liu J P,Li A C,Xu K H,et al.2006.Sedimentary features of the Yangtze River-derived along-shelf clinoform deposit in the East China Sea[J].Continental Shelf Research,26(17):2141-2156.
LüT and Sun J.2011.Luminescence sensitivities of quartz grains from eolian deposits in northern China and their implications for provenance[J].Quaternary Research,76(2):181-189.
LüT,Sun J,Li S H,et al.2014.Vertical variations of luminescence sensitivity of quartz grains from loess/paleosol of Luochuan section in the central Chinese Loess Plateau since the last interglacial[J].Quaternary Geochronology,22(3):107-115.
Moska P and Murray A S.2006.Stability of the quartz fast-component in insensitive samples[J].Radiation Measurements,41(7):878-885.
Murray A S and Wintle A G.2000.Luminescence dating of quartz using an improved single-aliquot regenerative-dose protocol[J].Radiation Measurements,32(1):57-73.
Nascimento D R Jr,Sawakuchi A O and Guedes C C F,et al.2015.Provenance of sands from the confluence of the Amazon and Madeira rivers based on detrital heavy minerals and luminescence of quartz and feldspar[J].Sedimentary Geology,316:1-12.
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