中国优秀女子高尔夫运动员心理特征研究
|
摘要
本研究以中国高尔夫球队女子优秀运动员为测试对象,采用运动员赛前情绪、运动员特质自信心、运动员意志品质等量表以因子分析方法探究优秀女子运动员的关键心理特征及其与运动员等级之间存在的联系。结果表明:1)优秀女子高尔夫运动员在自信心的特质运动应对和特质任务应对两个因子、意志品质的果断性和坚韧性两个因子,以及赛前情绪的自信因子上的得分显著高于普通运动员,在赛前情绪的社会期待焦虑因子上的得分显著低于普通运动员;2)意志品质的果断性和坚韧性两个因子、赛前情绪的自信因子极其显著可有效预测女子高尔夫运动员的运动等级;3)赛前情绪的个体失败焦虑和社会期待焦虑两个因子消极预测了女子高尔夫运动员的运动等级。
20 elite Chinese female golfers were surveyed by means of questionnaires such as pre-competition mood,athletes' trait self-confidence and athletes' will quality.This paper explores the key psychological characteristics of elite female golfers and the relationship between the key psychological characteristics of elite female golfers and their ranks by factor analysis.Research conclusions:1)Elite female golfer was significantly higher than normal athletes in character movement response and task character of confidence,will quality,decisiveness and tenacity,and the pre-match emotion of the confidence factor score,on the pre-match emotion society expects anxiety score was significantly lower than normal athletes;2)The factors of will quality,decisiveness and tenacity,and the confidence of pregame emotion can positively predict the level of female golfers;3)The factors of individual failure anxiety and social expectation anxiety can negatively predict the level of female golfers.
20 elite Chinese female golfers were surveyed by means of questionnaires such as pre-competition mood,athletes' trait self-confidence and athletes' will quality.This paper explores the key psychological characteristics of elite female golfers and the relationship between the key psychological characteristics of elite female golfers and their ranks by factor analysis.Research conclusions:1)Elite female golfer was significantly higher than normal athletes in character movement response and task character of confidence,will quality,decisiveness and tenacity,and the pre-match emotion of the confidence factor score,on the pre-match emotion society expects anxiety score was significantly lower than normal athletes;2)The factors of will quality,decisiveness and tenacity,and the confidence of pregame emotion can positively predict the level of female golfers;3)The factors of individual failure anxiety and social expectation anxiety can negatively predict the level of female golfers.
引文
[1]Murray A D,Daines L,Archibald D,et al.The relationships between golf and health:a scoping review[J].British Journal of Sports Medicine,2016,51(1):12-19.
[2]何莽.我国高尔夫政策变迁与效果研究[J].旅游学刊,2012(08):68-77.
[3]张建会,钟秉枢.高尔夫运动的符号消费[J].体育学刊,2009(09):36-38.
[4]何莽,谢春红,蔡丽婷.国际高尔夫优秀运动员的职业黄金期研究[J].中国体育科技,2014(03):40-46.
[5]Bois J E,Sarrazin P G,Southon J,et al.Psychological Characteristics and Their Relation to Performance in Professional Golfers[J].The Sport Psychologist,2009,23(2):252-270.
[6]Musculus L,Lobinger B H.Psychological Characteristics in Talented Soccer Players-Recommendations on How to Improve Coaches’Assessment[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2018(9):41.
[7]Petri Herbert L.,Govern John M.动机心理学[Z].郭本禹,王志琳,王金奎,等.陕西师范大学出版社,2005.
[8]Bueno J,Weinberg R S,Fernández-Castro J,et al.E-motional and motivational mechanisms mediating the influence of goal setting on endurance athletes’performance[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2008,9(6):786-799.
[9]张力为.赛前情绪的因素结构、自陈评定及注意特征[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[10]费多益.情绪的内在经验与情境重构---基于心灵哲学的视角[J].哲学研究,2013(11):110-117.
[11]Martens R,Burton D,Vealey R S,et al.Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2[J].Competitive anxiety in sport,1990:117-190.
[12]Chamberlain S T,Hale B D.Competitive state anxiety and self-confidence:Intensity and direction as relative predictors of performance on a golf putting task[J].Anxiety,Stress&Coping:An International Journal,2007,20(2):197-201.
[13]Hardy L,Woodman T,Carrington S.Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models An Exploratory Analysis[J].JOURNAL OF SPORT&EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY,2004,26(3):359-368.
[14]Woodman T,Hardy L.The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2003,21(6):443-457.
[15]张力为.赛前情绪的因素结构、自陈评定及注意特征[J].体育科学,2000(04):67-70.
[16]Schaefer J,Vella S A,Allen M S,et al.Competition Anxiety,Motivation,and Mental Toughness in Golf[J].Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,2016,28(3):309-320.
[17]Haggard P.Human volition:towards a neuroscience of will[J].Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2008,9(12):934-946.
[18]李佑发.意志研究现状及其在体育运动中的研究展望[J].天津体育学院学报,2008,23(1):60-63.
[19]Besharat M A,Pourbohlool S.Moderating Effects of Self-Confidence and Sport Self-Efficacyon the Relationship between Competitive Anxietyand Sport Performance[J].Psychology,2011,02(07):760-765.
[20]殷怀刚,陆东东,韩冬.高尔夫球运动员核心竞技能力的特征及评价[J].成都体育学院学报,2018(02):75-79.
[21]张力为.赛前情绪的因素结构、自陈评定及注意特征[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2001.
[22]沈龙科.中国运动员运动自信心结构模型的实证检验[D].北京:北京体育大学,2004.
[23]殷小川.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监测系统的研究与建立[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1985.
[24]骆红斌,林小美.武术运动员赛前情绪及临场应对方式的研究[J].中国体育科技,2006(06):89-93.
[25]Rodgers W M,Sullivan M J L.Task,Coping,and Scheduling Self-Efficacy in Relation to Frequency of Physical Activity[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2001,31(4):741-753.
[26]吕青山.台湾UBA运动员目标取向、训练能力与自信心之相关研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2009.
[27]祝大鹏.我国优秀女子跆拳道运动员人格、意志品质、心理坚韧性和赛前情绪的关系研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2013(06):73-77.
[28]王诚民.不同性别、不同运动水平短道速滑运动员的意志品质比较[J].体育学刊,2008(11):96-99.
[29]于晶,崔野.田径运动员不同运动水平、不同性别之间的意志品质比较研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005(06):761-763.
[30]全国体育学院教材委员会.运动心理学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005.
[31]P.K.Mechanisms of self-regulation:A systems view[J].Annual Review of Psychology,1993(44):23-52.
[2]何莽.我国高尔夫政策变迁与效果研究[J].旅游学刊,2012(08):68-77.
[3]张建会,钟秉枢.高尔夫运动的符号消费[J].体育学刊,2009(09):36-38.
[4]何莽,谢春红,蔡丽婷.国际高尔夫优秀运动员的职业黄金期研究[J].中国体育科技,2014(03):40-46.
[5]Bois J E,Sarrazin P G,Southon J,et al.Psychological Characteristics and Their Relation to Performance in Professional Golfers[J].The Sport Psychologist,2009,23(2):252-270.
[6]Musculus L,Lobinger B H.Psychological Characteristics in Talented Soccer Players-Recommendations on How to Improve Coaches’Assessment[J].Frontiers in Psychology,2018(9):41.
[7]Petri Herbert L.,Govern John M.动机心理学[Z].郭本禹,王志琳,王金奎,等.陕西师范大学出版社,2005.
[8]Bueno J,Weinberg R S,Fernández-Castro J,et al.E-motional and motivational mechanisms mediating the influence of goal setting on endurance athletes’performance[J].Psychology of Sport and Exercise,2008,9(6):786-799.
[9]张力为.赛前情绪的因素结构、自陈评定及注意特征[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001.
[10]费多益.情绪的内在经验与情境重构---基于心灵哲学的视角[J].哲学研究,2013(11):110-117.
[11]Martens R,Burton D,Vealey R S,et al.Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2[J].Competitive anxiety in sport,1990:117-190.
[12]Chamberlain S T,Hale B D.Competitive state anxiety and self-confidence:Intensity and direction as relative predictors of performance on a golf putting task[J].Anxiety,Stress&Coping:An International Journal,2007,20(2):197-201.
[13]Hardy L,Woodman T,Carrington S.Is Self-Confidence a Bias Factor in Higher-Order Catastrophe Models An Exploratory Analysis[J].JOURNAL OF SPORT&EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY,2004,26(3):359-368.
[14]Woodman T,Hardy L.The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance:a meta-analysis[J].Journal of Sports Sciences,2003,21(6):443-457.
[15]张力为.赛前情绪的因素结构、自陈评定及注意特征[J].体育科学,2000(04):67-70.
[16]Schaefer J,Vella S A,Allen M S,et al.Competition Anxiety,Motivation,and Mental Toughness in Golf[J].Journal of Applied Sport Psychology,2016,28(3):309-320.
[17]Haggard P.Human volition:towards a neuroscience of will[J].Nature Reviews Neuroscience,2008,9(12):934-946.
[18]李佑发.意志研究现状及其在体育运动中的研究展望[J].天津体育学院学报,2008,23(1):60-63.
[19]Besharat M A,Pourbohlool S.Moderating Effects of Self-Confidence and Sport Self-Efficacyon the Relationship between Competitive Anxietyand Sport Performance[J].Psychology,2011,02(07):760-765.
[20]殷怀刚,陆东东,韩冬.高尔夫球运动员核心竞技能力的特征及评价[J].成都体育学院学报,2018(02):75-79.
[21]张力为.赛前情绪的因素结构、自陈评定及注意特征[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2001.
[22]沈龙科.中国运动员运动自信心结构模型的实证检验[D].北京:北京体育大学,2004.
[23]殷小川.我国优秀运动员竞技能力状态诊断和监测系统的研究与建立[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,1985.
[24]骆红斌,林小美.武术运动员赛前情绪及临场应对方式的研究[J].中国体育科技,2006(06):89-93.
[25]Rodgers W M,Sullivan M J L.Task,Coping,and Scheduling Self-Efficacy in Relation to Frequency of Physical Activity[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,2001,31(4):741-753.
[26]吕青山.台湾UBA运动员目标取向、训练能力与自信心之相关研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2009.
[27]祝大鹏.我国优秀女子跆拳道运动员人格、意志品质、心理坚韧性和赛前情绪的关系研究[J].山东体育学院学报,2013(06):73-77.
[28]王诚民.不同性别、不同运动水平短道速滑运动员的意志品质比较[J].体育学刊,2008(11):96-99.
[29]于晶,崔野.田径运动员不同运动水平、不同性别之间的意志品质比较研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005(06):761-763.
[30]全国体育学院教材委员会.运动心理学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005.
[31]P.K.Mechanisms of self-regulation:A systems view[J].Annual Review of Psychology,1993(44):23-52.