土壤紧实度对花生干物质积累和产量的影响
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摘要
为明确不同土壤紧实度对花生生长发育的影响,确定花生生长所需的适宜紧实度,为花生高产栽培措施的制定提供理论依据,以高产花生品种‘青花7号’为材料,采用土柱栽培的方法,设置土壤容重分别为1.1、1.2、1.3、1.4、1.5g·cm-35个处理,研究了土壤紧实度对花生干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明花生不同生育时期根系、茎叶和荚果干物质积累对土壤容重的反应存在差异,土壤容重过小相对有利于花生生育前期各器官干物质积累,但不利于中后期各器官干物质积累;土壤容重过大则在整个生育期均不利于各器官干物质积累;适宜土壤容重(1.2～1.3g·cm-3)则在整个生育期都有利于花生各器官干物质积累。容重过大或者过小均不利于花生结果数增多和饱满度增大,影响荚果和籽仁产量的提高,适宜容重则有利于增加结果数和荚果饱满度,而提高荚果和籽仁产量。
In order to clarify the effect of different soil compactness on the growth and development of peanut,determine the suitable compactness for peanut growth,and provide theoretical basis for the formulation of high-yield cultivation measures of peanut,the high-yield peanut cultivar‘Qinghua 7'was used as the material and the effects of soil compactness on dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut were studied under 5 treatments of 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4、1.5 g·cm-3 by soil column cultivation method.The results showed that the responses of dry matter accumulation in roots,stems,leaves and pods to soil bulk density were different at different growth stages.Smaller soil bulk density was beneficial to dry matter accumulation in early growth stage of peanut,but not in middle and late growth stage.Larger soil bulk density was not conducive to accumulation of dry matter in all organs throughout the whole growth period.Suitable soil bulk density(1.2～1.3 g·cm-3)was beneficial to dry matter accumulation in peanut organs during the whole growth period.Larger or smaller soil bulk density was not conducive to the increase of pod number and plumpness of peanut,which limited the increase of pod and kernel yield.Suitable bulk density was beneficial to increase the number of pod and pod fullness,which increased the yield of pod and kernel.
In order to clarify the effect of different soil compactness on the growth and development of peanut,determine the suitable compactness for peanut growth,and provide theoretical basis for the formulation of high-yield cultivation measures of peanut,the high-yield peanut cultivar‘Qinghua 7'was used as the material and the effects of soil compactness on dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut were studied under 5 treatments of 1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4、1.5 g·cm-3 by soil column cultivation method.The results showed that the responses of dry matter accumulation in roots,stems,leaves and pods to soil bulk density were different at different growth stages.Smaller soil bulk density was beneficial to dry matter accumulation in early growth stage of peanut,but not in middle and late growth stage.Larger soil bulk density was not conducive to accumulation of dry matter in all organs throughout the whole growth period.Suitable soil bulk density(1.2～1.3 g·cm-3)was beneficial to dry matter accumulation in peanut organs during the whole growth period.Larger or smaller soil bulk density was not conducive to the increase of pod number and plumpness of peanut,which limited the increase of pod and kernel yield.Suitable bulk density was beneficial to increase the number of pod and pod fullness,which increased the yield of pod and kernel.
引文
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[14]王玉萍,周晓洁,卢潇,等.土壤紧实度对马铃薯根系、匍匐茎、产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1590-1595
[15]丁祎,张昊,王季春,等.下层土壤厚度及容重对甘薯根系和块根质量的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(5):1-7
[16]王群,李潮海,李全忠,等.紧实胁迫对不同类型土壤玉米根系时空分布及活力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(10):2039-2050
[17]刘晚苟,李良贤,谢海容,等.土壤容重对野生香根草幼苗根系形态及其生物量的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):214-220
[18]Neve S D,Hofman G.Influence of soil compaction on carbon and nitrogen mineralization of soil organic matter and crop residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,30:544-549
[19]陈溢,郑亭,樊高琼,等.不同土壤水分条件下拖拉机行走对四川丘陵旱地土壤特性及小麦生长的影响[J].土保持学报,2013,27(6):147-151
[20]南志标,赵红洋,聂斌.黄土高原土壤紧实度对蚕豆生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):935-938
[21]韩成卫,孔晓民,宋春林,等.山东省褐土土壤容重对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):143-148
[22]张喜亭,曹立为,吕书财,等.黑土容重对大豆氮素吸收及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(3):132-137
[2]Communit COTE.Communication from the commission to the council,the european parliament,the european economic and social committee,and the committee of the regions:A midterm assessment of implementing the EC biodiversity action plan[J].Journal of International Wildlife Law&Policy,2009,12(1/2):108-120
[3]石彦琴,陈源泉,隋鹏,等.农田土壤紧实的发生、影响及其改良[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):2057-2064
[4]韩成卫,孔晓民,宋春林,等.山东省褐土土壤容重对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):143-148
[5]翟振,李玉义,逄焕成,等.黄淮海北部农田犁底层现状及其特征[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(12):2322-2332
[6]石磊,王娟铃,许明祥,等.陕西省农田土壤紧实度空间变异及其影响因素[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(5):770-778
[7]易小波,邵明安,赵春雷,等.黄土高原南北样带不同土层土壤容重变异分析与模拟[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(4):198-205
[8]徐翠兰,侯淑楠,姚紫东,等.南方农田土壤容重空间变异性及其尺度效应[J].排灌机械工程学报,2017,35(5):424-429
[9]郑存德,依艳丽,张大庚,等.土壤容重对高产玉米根系生长的影响及调控研究[J].华北农学报,2012,27(3):142-149
[10]李潮海,李胜利,王群,等.下层土壤容重对玉米根系生长及吸收活力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(8):1706-1711
[11]黄细喜.土壤紧实度及层次对小麦生长的影响[J].土壤学报,1988(1):59-65
[12]贺明荣,王振林.土壤紧实度变化对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(4):649-654
[13]宋家祥,庄恒扬,陈后庆,等.不同土壤紧实度对棉花根系生长的影响[J].作物学报,1997,23(6):719-726
[14]王玉萍,周晓洁,卢潇,等.土壤紧实度对马铃薯根系、匍匐茎、产量和品质的影响[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1590-1595
[15]丁祎,张昊,王季春,等.下层土壤厚度及容重对甘薯根系和块根质量的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(5):1-7
[16]王群,李潮海,李全忠,等.紧实胁迫对不同类型土壤玉米根系时空分布及活力的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(10):2039-2050
[17]刘晚苟,李良贤,谢海容,等.土壤容重对野生香根草幼苗根系形态及其生物量的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(4):214-220
[18]Neve S D,Hofman G.Influence of soil compaction on carbon and nitrogen mineralization of soil organic matter and crop residues[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2000,30:544-549
[19]陈溢,郑亭,樊高琼,等.不同土壤水分条件下拖拉机行走对四川丘陵旱地土壤特性及小麦生长的影响[J].土保持学报,2013,27(6):147-151
[20]南志标,赵红洋,聂斌.黄土高原土壤紧实度对蚕豆生长的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(8):935-938
[21]韩成卫,孔晓民,宋春林,等.山东省褐土土壤容重对玉米生长发育及产量形成的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(6):143-148
[22]张喜亭,曹立为,吕书财,等.黑土容重对大豆氮素吸收及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2017(3):132-137