电子商务供应链服务能力及其对竞争优势的影响
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摘要
以服装、家具、家电、食品等行业电商为研究对象,运用因子分析和典型相关分析等研究方法,探讨电子商务供应链服务能力的构面组成以及对电商竞争优势的影响,研究结果显示:电子商务供应链服务能力主要包括情境感知能力、运作能力、重构能力、学习能力和创新能力,其中,情境感知能力和运作能力是基础能力,重构能力、学习能力和创新能力是建立在它们之上的拓展能力;供应链服务能力与电商的竞争优势具有整体相关性,其中,情境感知能力和运作能力对成本优势、质量优势、差异化优势和持续性优势均存在显著性影响,重构能力只对成本优势和差异化优势存在显著性影响,学习能力对质量优势、差异化优势和持续性优势存在显著性影响,创新能力仅对差异化优势和持续性优势存在显著性影响。电商企业应根据战略目标、惯例积累水平、资源拥有状况规划供应链能力:当惯例积累水平较低且主要满足既定网购需求时,应着重构建情境感知能力和运作能力;当面临需求环境动荡变化且惯例积累水平较高时,应注重重构能力建设;当惯例积累水平较高且具有丰富的客户资源时,应着重培育供应链学习能力和创新能力。
The authors take e-commerce of the garment industry,the furniture industry,the household electrical appliance industry,and the food industry as the research objects,and use factor analysis and typical correlation analysis to discuss the composition of the supply chain service capability of the e-commerce platform and its influence on competitive advantage of ecommerce. The results show that:(1) the supply chain service capability of the platform is composed of such five facets as context awareness,operational ability,reconstruction ability,learning ability,and innovation ability;(2) context awareness and operational ability are the basis of supply chain services,reconstruction,learning,and innovation ability are the expansion ability built on the first two;(3)supply chain service capability has a significant relevance to the competitive advantage of e-commerce companies. The e-commerce companies should,first,introduce the plan of supply chain capability according to strategic target,the level of conventional accumulation,and the current situation of resources ownership;second,they should,while the level of conventional accumulation is comparatively low,focus on the construction of context awareness and operational ability;third,while facing with the turbulent demand environment and the comparatively high level of conventional accumulation,they should focus on the construction of reconstruction ability;and fourth,while facing with comparatively high level of conventional accumulation and rich customer resources,they should pay more attention to the cultivation of learning and innovation ability.
The authors take e-commerce of the garment industry,the furniture industry,the household electrical appliance industry,and the food industry as the research objects,and use factor analysis and typical correlation analysis to discuss the composition of the supply chain service capability of the e-commerce platform and its influence on competitive advantage of ecommerce. The results show that:(1) the supply chain service capability of the platform is composed of such five facets as context awareness,operational ability,reconstruction ability,learning ability,and innovation ability;(2) context awareness and operational ability are the basis of supply chain services,reconstruction,learning,and innovation ability are the expansion ability built on the first two;(3)supply chain service capability has a significant relevance to the competitive advantage of e-commerce companies. The e-commerce companies should,first,introduce the plan of supply chain capability according to strategic target,the level of conventional accumulation,and the current situation of resources ownership;second,they should,while the level of conventional accumulation is comparatively low,focus on the construction of context awareness and operational ability;third,while facing with the turbulent demand environment and the comparatively high level of conventional accumulation,they should focus on the construction of reconstruction ability;and fourth,while facing with comparatively high level of conventional accumulation and rich customer resources,they should pay more attention to the cultivation of learning and innovation ability.
引文
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[18]唐孝文,刘敦虎,肖进.动态能力视角下的战略转型过程机理研究[J].科研管理,2015(1):90-96.
[19]宝贡敏,龙思颖.企业动态能力研究:最新述评与展望[J].外国经济与管理,2015(7):77-85.
[20]REZA K M,MARK G,NEDA K M.Supplier selection with shannon entropy and fuzzy TOPSIS in the context of supply chain risk management[J].Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2016(11):216-225.
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[24]GUNTHER S,MICHAEL S,NIKOLAOS S.Design of a simulation model for the assessment of a real-time capable disturbance management in manufacturing supply chains[J].Procedia manufacturing,2015,3(3):425-432.
[25]YU Y,WANG X,ZHONG R Y,et al.E-commerce logistics in supply chain management:practice perspective[J].Procedia CIRP,2016(52):179-185.
[26]ALI P,NUKMAN B Y,OLUGU E U,et al.Integrated forward and reverse supply chain:a tire case study[J].Waste management,2017,4(60):460-470
[27]陈凌峰,王志强,周文慧.建设大规模定制能力--基于供应链学习视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013(10):160-170.
[28]赵树宽,王慧军,张晶敏.集成供应链企业间合作创新能力评价研究[J].中国工业经济,2010(2):68-77.
[29]宋华,于亢亢,陈金亮.不同情境下的服务供应链运作模式--资源和环境共同驱动的B2B多案例研究[J].管理世界,2013(2):156-168.
[30]LI W B,HUANG Y C,MA Z J,et al.On the supply chain management supported by e-commerce service platform for agreement based circulation of fruits and vegetables[J].Physics procedia,2012(33):1 957-1 963.
[31]潘文安.基于整合能力的供应链伙伴关系与企业竞争优势研究[J].科研管理,2006(6):48-53.
[32]KARTHIK N S I,RICHARD G,CINDY C.B2B e-commerce supply chain integration and performance:a contingency fit perspective on the role of environment[J].Information&management,2009,46(6):313-322.
[2]肖静华,谢康,吴瑶,廖雪华.从面向合作伙伴到面向消费者的供应链转型--电商企业供应链双案例研究[J].管理世界,2015(3):137-154.
[3]罗珉,李亮宇.互联网时代的商业模式创新:价值创造视角[J].中国工业经济,2015(1):95-106.
[4]肖勇波,陈冰瑶,荣立松.基于移动商务平台的供应链优化与协调研究[J].中国管理科学,2015(11):70-78.
[5]殷国鹏.消费者认为怎样的在线评论更有用?--社会性因素的影响效应[J].管理世界,2012(12):116-124.
[6]张琪.电子商务平台物流供应链服务质量测度[J].商业经济研究,2015(10):62-65.
[7]孙耀吾,翟翌,顾荃.服务主导逻辑下移动互联网创新网络主体耦合共轭与价值创造研究[J].中国工业经济,2013(10):147-159.
[8]陈思洁,宋远方.供应链动态能力最新研究进展[J].中国流通经济,2016(8):89-98.
[9]STEPHAN M,WAGNER,CHRISTOPH B.An empirical investigation into supply chain Operation ability in e-commerce[J].Journal of purchasing and supply management,2010,12(6):301-312.
[10]VOKURKA M,O'LEARY A.ACAI:Agent-based contextaware infrastructure for supply chain capacity[J].Journal of network and computer applications,2007,28(1):19-44.
[11]CONSTANTIN B,TOBIAS S,DANIEL R.Antecedents and enablers of supply chain agility and its effect on performance:a dynamic capabilities perspective[J].International journal of production research,2013(4):1 295-1 318.
[12]WINTER S G.Understanding dynamic capabilities[J].Strategic management journal,2003,24(10):991-995.
[13]TEECE D J.Explicating dynamic capabilities:the nature and microfoundations of(sustainable)enterprise performance[J].Strategic management journal,2007,28(13):1 319-1 350.
[14]WANG C L,AHMED P K.Dynamic capabilities:a review and research agenda[J].International journal of management reviews,2007,9(1):31-51.
[15]BARRETO I.Dynamic capabilities:a review of past research and an agenda for the future[J].Journal of management,2010,36(10):256-280.
[16]RASHIDIRAD M,SOLTANI E,SYED J.Strategic alignment between competitive strategy and dynamic capability:conceptual framework and hypothesis development[J].Strategic change,2013,22(3):213-224.
[17]WANG C L,AHMED P K.Dynamic capabilities:a review and research agenda[J].International journal Of management reviews,2007,9(1):31-51.
[18]唐孝文,刘敦虎,肖进.动态能力视角下的战略转型过程机理研究[J].科研管理,2015(1):90-96.
[19]宝贡敏,龙思颖.企业动态能力研究:最新述评与展望[J].外国经济与管理,2015(7):77-85.
[20]REZA K M,MARK G,NEDA K M.Supplier selection with shannon entropy and fuzzy TOPSIS in the context of supply chain risk management[J].Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2016(11):216-225.
[21]TAN P S,LEE S S G,GOH A E S.Multi-criteria decision techniques for context-aware B2B collaboration in supply chains[J].Decision support systems,2012(52):779-789.
[22]ZOU B Y,LI C P,TAN L W,et al.Efficient tensor factorization for context-aware recommendations[J].Information sciences,2015,299(1):159-177.
[23]WALLIN E,Allred C,FAWCETT A M,et al.Information technology as an enabler of supply chain collaboration:Adynamic-capabilities perspective[J].Journal of supply chain management,2011(1):38-59.
[24]GUNTHER S,MICHAEL S,NIKOLAOS S.Design of a simulation model for the assessment of a real-time capable disturbance management in manufacturing supply chains[J].Procedia manufacturing,2015,3(3):425-432.
[25]YU Y,WANG X,ZHONG R Y,et al.E-commerce logistics in supply chain management:practice perspective[J].Procedia CIRP,2016(52):179-185.
[26]ALI P,NUKMAN B Y,OLUGU E U,et al.Integrated forward and reverse supply chain:a tire case study[J].Waste management,2017,4(60):460-470
[27]陈凌峰,王志强,周文慧.建设大规模定制能力--基于供应链学习视角[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2013(10):160-170.
[28]赵树宽,王慧军,张晶敏.集成供应链企业间合作创新能力评价研究[J].中国工业经济,2010(2):68-77.
[29]宋华,于亢亢,陈金亮.不同情境下的服务供应链运作模式--资源和环境共同驱动的B2B多案例研究[J].管理世界,2013(2):156-168.
[30]LI W B,HUANG Y C,MA Z J,et al.On the supply chain management supported by e-commerce service platform for agreement based circulation of fruits and vegetables[J].Physics procedia,2012(33):1 957-1 963.
[31]潘文安.基于整合能力的供应链伙伴关系与企业竞争优势研究[J].科研管理,2006(6):48-53.
[32]KARTHIK N S I,RICHARD G,CINDY C.B2B e-commerce supply chain integration and performance:a contingency fit perspective on the role of environment[J].Information&management,2009,46(6):313-322.