基于等效路径的爆破地震波衰减规律
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摘要
针对露天矿山台阶爆破地形和地质条件的复杂性,分析了地形对爆破地震波传播路径的影响,提出了等效路径及等效距离两个概念。同时考虑岩石波阻抗和岩体的完整性系数及最大一段装药量与炸药的定容爆热等因素的影响,构建了露天台阶爆破地震波地表质点振速峰值随等效距离衰减的表达式。通过矿山爆破震动监测检验,发现用该公式预测地表质点振速峰值,能够适应实际地形和地质条件的变化,预测结果的准确性显著高于萨氏公式,表明该公式较好地反映了质点振速峰值沿等效路径衰减的基本规律,为台阶爆破地震波质点振速峰值预测提供了一种新方法。
In this work,in view of the widely understood idea that topography and geological conditions are usually complicated and have a critical influence on the level of blast induced ground vibrations,we analyzed the effect of topography on the path through which seismic waves travel,introduced two concepts,the equivalent path and the equivalent distance,and established an equation for determining the surface peak particle velocity,taking into account of the effects of the maximum explosive charge quantity of a single initiation period,the explosion heat of the explosive product used,the acoustic impedance of the rock,and the integrity coefficient of the rock mass. A series of field seismic monitoring tests were carried out to determine the reliability of the equation. The result show that this equation can be used to describe the relationship between the peak particle velocity and the equivalent distance,and be applied under actual field topographical and geological conditions with a much higher accuracy than that of the Sardovsky's equation,proving the reliability of the equivalent distance based equation describing the attenuation basic patterns of seismic waves and possibility for use in field practice.
In this work,in view of the widely understood idea that topography and geological conditions are usually complicated and have a critical influence on the level of blast induced ground vibrations,we analyzed the effect of topography on the path through which seismic waves travel,introduced two concepts,the equivalent path and the equivalent distance,and established an equation for determining the surface peak particle velocity,taking into account of the effects of the maximum explosive charge quantity of a single initiation period,the explosion heat of the explosive product used,the acoustic impedance of the rock,and the integrity coefficient of the rock mass. A series of field seismic monitoring tests were carried out to determine the reliability of the equation. The result show that this equation can be used to describe the relationship between the peak particle velocity and the equivalent distance,and be applied under actual field topographical and geological conditions with a much higher accuracy than that of the Sardovsky's equation,proving the reliability of the equivalent distance based equation describing the attenuation basic patterns of seismic waves and possibility for use in field practice.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.爆破安全规程:GB 6722-2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
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[3]张继春.三峡工程基岩爆破振动特性的试验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(2):131-137.Zhang Jichun.Vibration characteristics of blasting in bed rock mass at Sanxia Project[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(2):131-137.
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[8]Guillaume G,Picaut J,Dutilleux G,et al.Time-domain impedance equationtion for transmission line matrix modelling of outdoor sound propagation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(26):6467-6481.
[9]饶运章,汪弘.爆破振动速度衰减规律的多元线性回归分析[J].金属矿山,2013,450(12):46-47;51.Rao Yunzhang,Wang Hong.Multiple regression linear analysis on attenuation equation of blasting vibration velocity[J].Metal Mines,2013,450(12):46-47;51.
[10]谭文辉,璩世杰,毛市龙,等.边坡爆破振动高程效应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):619-623.Tan Wenhui,Qu Shijie,Mao Shilong,et al.Analysis on altitude effect ofblasting vibration in slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):619-623.
[11]张华,高富强,杨军,等.深凹露天爆破震动速度衰减规律实验研究.兵工学报,2010,31(增刊1):275-278.Zhang Hua,Gao Fuqiang,Yang Jun,et al.Experimental studies on blasting vibration velocity attenuation lawin deep openpit mining.Acta Armamentarii,2010,31(suppl 1):275-278.
[12]刘美山,吴从清,张正宇.小湾水电站高边坡爆破震动安全判据试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2007,24(1):40-43.Liu Meishan,Wu Congqing,Zhang Zhengyu.Experimentation on judging standard of blasting vibration safetyin high slope excavation of Xiaowan Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientif ic Research Institute,2007,24(1):40-43.
[13]裴来政.金堆城露天矿高边坡爆破震动监测与分析[J].爆破,2006,23(4):82-85.Pei Laizheng.Observation and analysis of blasting vibration to the high slope of Jinduicheng open-pit mine[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):82-85.
[2]Reza N.Prediction of ground vibration level induced by blasting at different rock units[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2011,48(6):899-908.
[3]张继春.三峡工程基岩爆破振动特性的试验研究[J].爆炸与冲击,2001,21(2):131-137.Zhang Jichun.Vibration characteristics of blasting in bed rock mass at Sanxia Project[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2001,21(2):131-137.
[4]郭学彬,肖正学,张志呈.爆破振动作用的坡面效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(1):83-87.Guo Xuebin,Xiao Zhengxue,Zhang Zhicheng.Slope effect of blasting vibration[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(1):83-87.
[5]朱传统,刘宏根,梅锦煜.地震波参数沿边坡坡面传播规律公式的选择[J].爆破,1988,10(2):30-31.Zhu Chuantong,Liu Honggen,Mei Jinyu.Equation selection of the transmission rule of seismic wave parameters along slope surface[J].Blasting,1988,10(2):30-31.
[6]Nguyena K V,Gatmiri B.Evaluation of seismic ground motion inducedbytopographic irregularity[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2007,27(2):183-188.
[7]宋光明,陈寿如,史秀志,等.露天矿边坡爆破振动监测与评价方法的研究[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2000(4):24-27.Song Guangming,Chen Shouru,Shi Xiuzhi,et al.Research on the methods of measurement and evaluation of blasting vibration in open-pit mines[J].Nonferrous Metal(Mining),2000(4):24-27.
[8]Guillaume G,Picaut J,Dutilleux G,et al.Time-domain impedance equationtion for transmission line matrix modelling of outdoor sound propagation[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2011,330(26):6467-6481.
[9]饶运章,汪弘.爆破振动速度衰减规律的多元线性回归分析[J].金属矿山,2013,450(12):46-47;51.Rao Yunzhang,Wang Hong.Multiple regression linear analysis on attenuation equation of blasting vibration velocity[J].Metal Mines,2013,450(12):46-47;51.
[10]谭文辉,璩世杰,毛市龙,等.边坡爆破振动高程效应分析[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(4):619-623.Tan Wenhui,Qu Shijie,Mao Shilong,et al.Analysis on altitude effect ofblasting vibration in slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(4):619-623.
[11]张华,高富强,杨军,等.深凹露天爆破震动速度衰减规律实验研究.兵工学报,2010,31(增刊1):275-278.Zhang Hua,Gao Fuqiang,Yang Jun,et al.Experimental studies on blasting vibration velocity attenuation lawin deep openpit mining.Acta Armamentarii,2010,31(suppl 1):275-278.
[12]刘美山,吴从清,张正宇.小湾水电站高边坡爆破震动安全判据试验研究[J].长江科学院院报,2007,24(1):40-43.Liu Meishan,Wu Congqing,Zhang Zhengyu.Experimentation on judging standard of blasting vibration safetyin high slope excavation of Xiaowan Hydropower Station[J].Journal of Yangtze River Scientif ic Research Institute,2007,24(1):40-43.
[13]裴来政.金堆城露天矿高边坡爆破震动监测与分析[J].爆破,2006,23(4):82-85.Pei Laizheng.Observation and analysis of blasting vibration to the high slope of Jinduicheng open-pit mine[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):82-85.