生计资本对北疆搬迁定居牧民生活满意度的影响
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摘要
自游牧民定居工程开展以来,定居牧民生活有了很大变化。以可持续生计分析框架为基础,利用北疆地区3个市(县)牧户生计调查所得到的459户样本数据,通过牧户类型划分,运用定序Logit方法分析牧户的生计资本对生活满意度的影响情况。研究发现,牧户的生计资本和生活满意度均存在区域差异和个体差异。福海县牧户生计资本指数最高,纯牧业牧户生计资本指数最高;塔城市牧户生活满意度最高,纯牧业户满意度高于兼业户和非牧业户。牧户生计资本对生活满意度影响显著,其中,物质资本、金融资本和社会资本的增加会提升牧户的生活满意度,自然资本和人力资本的增加会降低牧户的生活满意度。鉴于以上结果,本研究提出了丰富牧户生计资本的对策建议。
Since the free settlement project was carried out,the life of a herdsman has undergone major changes.We investigated 459 households in three counties located in northern Xinjiang,China.We analysed the impact of livelihood capital of herdsmen on their life satisfaction by using ordered logit method,on the basis of sustainable livelihood framework and classification of herdsmen.The results show the following.First,regional spatial differences and type heterogeneity exist in household livelihood capital and life satisfaction.Second,the household livelihood capital index was the highest in Fuhai County among pure pastoral herders;the life satisfaction of herdsmen was the highest in Tacheng City,and purely pastoral household satisfaction was higher than that for part-time herding and non-herding households.Third,the household livelihood capital had a significant impact on life satisfaction.Among them,increases in physical capital,financial capital,and social capital were found to increase the life satisfaction of herdsmen,and increases in natural capital and human capital were found to decrease the life satisfaction of herdsmen.Finally,this study provides relevant policy proposals to increase the livelihood capital of herdsmen.
Since the free settlement project was carried out,the life of a herdsman has undergone major changes.We investigated 459 households in three counties located in northern Xinjiang,China.We analysed the impact of livelihood capital of herdsmen on their life satisfaction by using ordered logit method,on the basis of sustainable livelihood framework and classification of herdsmen.The results show the following.First,regional spatial differences and type heterogeneity exist in household livelihood capital and life satisfaction.Second,the household livelihood capital index was the highest in Fuhai County among pure pastoral herders;the life satisfaction of herdsmen was the highest in Tacheng City,and purely pastoral household satisfaction was higher than that for part-time herding and non-herding households.Third,the household livelihood capital had a significant impact on life satisfaction.Among them,increases in physical capital,financial capital,and social capital were found to increase the life satisfaction of herdsmen,and increases in natural capital and human capital were found to decrease the life satisfaction of herdsmen.Finally,this study provides relevant policy proposals to increase the livelihood capital of herdsmen.
引文
[1]刘正江.哈萨克族定居牧民传统生计方式的变迁与社会适应——以新疆裕民县阿勒腾也木勒乡为例.中国穆斯林,2012(3):25-27.
[2]Chambers R,Conway G.Sustainable rural livelihoods:Practical concepts Brighton,for the 21st century.IDS Discussion Paper296.Brighton,England:Institute of Development Studies,1992.
[3]DFID.Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets.London:Department for International Development,2000:68-125.
[4]李小云,董强,饶小龙,赵丽霞.农户脆弱性分析方法及其本土化应用.中国农村经济,2007(4):32-38.
[5]苏芳,蒲欣冬,徐中民,王立安.生计资本与生计策略关系研究:以张掖市甘州区为例.中国人口·资源与环境,2009(6):119-125.Su F,Pu X D,Xu Z M,Wang L A.Analysis about the strategies relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood take Ganzhou in Zhangye City as an example.China Population,Resources and Environment,2009(6):119-125.(in Chinese)
[6]赵雪雁.生计资本对农牧民生活满意度的影响——以甘南高原为例.地理研究,2011,30(4):687-698.Zhao X Y.The impact of livelihood capital on the life satisfaction of peasants and herdsmen:A case of Gannan Plateau.Geographical Research,2011,30(4):687-698.(in Chinese)
[7]李斌,李小云,左停.农村发展中的生计途径研究与实践.农业技术经济,2004(4):10-16.
[8]张兴贵,何立国,郑雪.青少年学生生活满意度的结构和量表编制.心理科学,2004,27(5):1257-1260.Zhang X G,He L G,Zheng X.Adolescent students’life satisfaction its construct and scale development.Psychological Science,2004,27(5):1257-1260.(in Chinese)
[9]朱艳玲,周立华,黄玉邦,宋翔.北方农牧交错区农民生活满意度的影响因素与地域差异——以宁夏盐池县为例.经济地理,2009,29(2):303-307,279.Zhu Y L,Zhou L H,Huang Y B,Song X.The influential factors and regional differences of farmers’life satisfaction in the agropastoral ecotones of northern China——A case study in Yanchi County.Economic Geography,2009,29(2):303-307,279.(in Chinese)
[10]赵雪雁,毛笑文.西部民族地区农户的生活满意度分析——基于甘肃省的村域调查数据.农业经济问题,2014(5):49-54.Zhao X Y,Mao X W.The farmer’s life satisfaction in west minority nationality area:Based on village investigation data in Gansu Province.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014(5):49-54.(in Chinese)
[11]蔡银莺,朱兰兰.生计资产差异对农民生活满意度的影响分析——以成都市双流县和崇州市为例.华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2015,115(1):31-38.Cai Y Y,Zhu L L.Livelihoods and the peasants’life satisfaction:A case study at Shuangliu County and Chongzhou County in Chengdu City.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University:Social Science Edition,2015,115(1):31-38.(in Chinese)
[12]李静,戴宁宁,刘生琐.西部草原牧区游牧民定居问题研究综述.内蒙古民族大学学报:社会科学版,2011,37(3):7-10.Li J,Dai N N,Liu S S.The summary of the settlement of nomadic pastoralists of western grassland.Journal of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationlities:Social Science Edition,2011,37(3):7-10.(in Chinese)
[13]吐尔逊娜依·热依木,夏热古丽·穆力达坤.北疆牧区牧民定居后的生产经营模式——以昌吉市阿什里乡为例.草业科学,2014,31(12):2348-2355.Tuerxunnayi·Reyimui,Xiareguli·Mulidakun.Analysis on production and management modes after the settlement of herdsmen in North Xinjiang region:In case study of Ashili Kazak Nationality Town of Changji City.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(12):2348-2355.(in Chinese)
[14]阎建忠,卓仁贵,谢德林,张镱锂.不同生计类型农户的土地利用——三峡库区典型村的实证研究.地理学报,2010,65(11):1401-1410.Yan J Z,Zhuo R G,Xie D L,Zhang Y L.Land use characters of farmers of different livelihood strategies:Cases in three gorges reservoir area.Journal of Geography,2010,65(11):1401-1410.(in Chinese)
[15]赵雪雁,李巍,杨培涛,刘霜.生计资本对甘南高原农牧民生计活动的影响.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(4):111-118.Zhao X Y,Li W,Yang P T,Liu S.Impact of livelihood capital on the livelihood activities of farmers and herdsmen on Gannan Plateau.China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(4):111-118.(in Chinese)
[16]赵峰,邓阳.甘肃省独生子女户与多子女户生计能力的比较分析.人口与经济,2015(1):64-71.Zhao F,Deng Y.An analysis on the living capability of the only-child family and more-child household in Gansu Province.Population and Economy,2015(1):64-71.(in Chinese)
[17]张丽萍,张镱锂,阎建忠,吴莹莹.青藏高原东部山地农牧区生计与耕地利用模式.地理学报,2008,63(4):377-385.Zhang L P,Zhang Y L,Yan J Z,Wu Y Y.Livelihood diversification and cropland use pattern in agro-pastoral mountainous region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geography,2008,63(4):377-385.(in Chinese)
[18]齐月,刘伟玲,张林波,龚斌,徐翠,冯宏昭,吴志丰.生态补偿对泽库县牧民与移民生计影响的比较.草业科学,2014,31(6):1178-1184.Qi Y,Liu W L,Zhang L B,Gong B,Xu C,Feng H Z,Wu Z F.A comparative analysis of herdsmen and co-immigrant’s livelihood under ecological compensation of the Source Area of Three Rivers:A case study base on household investigation in Zeku County,Qinghai Province.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(6):1178-1184.(in Chinese)
[19]白爽,何晨曦,赵霞.草原生态补奖政策实施效果——基于生产性补贴政策的实证分析.草业科学,2015,32(2):287-293.Bai S,He C X,Zhao X.Implementation effects of grassland ecological compensation and awarding policy:Based on the production subsidy.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(2):287-293.(in Chinese)
[20]伍艳.农户生计资本与生计策略的选择.华南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2015,14(2):57-66.Wu Y.Study on farmers livelihood capital impact upon the livelihood strategies.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University:Social Science Edition,2015,14(2):57-66.(in Chinese)
[2]Chambers R,Conway G.Sustainable rural livelihoods:Practical concepts Brighton,for the 21st century.IDS Discussion Paper296.Brighton,England:Institute of Development Studies,1992.
[3]DFID.Sustainable Livelihoods Guidance Sheets.London:Department for International Development,2000:68-125.
[4]李小云,董强,饶小龙,赵丽霞.农户脆弱性分析方法及其本土化应用.中国农村经济,2007(4):32-38.
[5]苏芳,蒲欣冬,徐中民,王立安.生计资本与生计策略关系研究:以张掖市甘州区为例.中国人口·资源与环境,2009(6):119-125.Su F,Pu X D,Xu Z M,Wang L A.Analysis about the strategies relationship between livelihood capital and livelihood take Ganzhou in Zhangye City as an example.China Population,Resources and Environment,2009(6):119-125.(in Chinese)
[6]赵雪雁.生计资本对农牧民生活满意度的影响——以甘南高原为例.地理研究,2011,30(4):687-698.Zhao X Y.The impact of livelihood capital on the life satisfaction of peasants and herdsmen:A case of Gannan Plateau.Geographical Research,2011,30(4):687-698.(in Chinese)
[7]李斌,李小云,左停.农村发展中的生计途径研究与实践.农业技术经济,2004(4):10-16.
[8]张兴贵,何立国,郑雪.青少年学生生活满意度的结构和量表编制.心理科学,2004,27(5):1257-1260.Zhang X G,He L G,Zheng X.Adolescent students’life satisfaction its construct and scale development.Psychological Science,2004,27(5):1257-1260.(in Chinese)
[9]朱艳玲,周立华,黄玉邦,宋翔.北方农牧交错区农民生活满意度的影响因素与地域差异——以宁夏盐池县为例.经济地理,2009,29(2):303-307,279.Zhu Y L,Zhou L H,Huang Y B,Song X.The influential factors and regional differences of farmers’life satisfaction in the agropastoral ecotones of northern China——A case study in Yanchi County.Economic Geography,2009,29(2):303-307,279.(in Chinese)
[10]赵雪雁,毛笑文.西部民族地区农户的生活满意度分析——基于甘肃省的村域调查数据.农业经济问题,2014(5):49-54.Zhao X Y,Mao X W.The farmer’s life satisfaction in west minority nationality area:Based on village investigation data in Gansu Province.Issues in Agricultural Economy,2014(5):49-54.(in Chinese)
[11]蔡银莺,朱兰兰.生计资产差异对农民生活满意度的影响分析——以成都市双流县和崇州市为例.华中农业大学学报:社会科学版,2015,115(1):31-38.Cai Y Y,Zhu L L.Livelihoods and the peasants’life satisfaction:A case study at Shuangliu County and Chongzhou County in Chengdu City.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University:Social Science Edition,2015,115(1):31-38.(in Chinese)
[12]李静,戴宁宁,刘生琐.西部草原牧区游牧民定居问题研究综述.内蒙古民族大学学报:社会科学版,2011,37(3):7-10.Li J,Dai N N,Liu S S.The summary of the settlement of nomadic pastoralists of western grassland.Journal of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationlities:Social Science Edition,2011,37(3):7-10.(in Chinese)
[13]吐尔逊娜依·热依木,夏热古丽·穆力达坤.北疆牧区牧民定居后的生产经营模式——以昌吉市阿什里乡为例.草业科学,2014,31(12):2348-2355.Tuerxunnayi·Reyimui,Xiareguli·Mulidakun.Analysis on production and management modes after the settlement of herdsmen in North Xinjiang region:In case study of Ashili Kazak Nationality Town of Changji City.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(12):2348-2355.(in Chinese)
[14]阎建忠,卓仁贵,谢德林,张镱锂.不同生计类型农户的土地利用——三峡库区典型村的实证研究.地理学报,2010,65(11):1401-1410.Yan J Z,Zhuo R G,Xie D L,Zhang Y L.Land use characters of farmers of different livelihood strategies:Cases in three gorges reservoir area.Journal of Geography,2010,65(11):1401-1410.(in Chinese)
[15]赵雪雁,李巍,杨培涛,刘霜.生计资本对甘南高原农牧民生计活动的影响.中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(4):111-118.Zhao X Y,Li W,Yang P T,Liu S.Impact of livelihood capital on the livelihood activities of farmers and herdsmen on Gannan Plateau.China Population,Resources and Environment,2011,21(4):111-118.(in Chinese)
[16]赵峰,邓阳.甘肃省独生子女户与多子女户生计能力的比较分析.人口与经济,2015(1):64-71.Zhao F,Deng Y.An analysis on the living capability of the only-child family and more-child household in Gansu Province.Population and Economy,2015(1):64-71.(in Chinese)
[17]张丽萍,张镱锂,阎建忠,吴莹莹.青藏高原东部山地农牧区生计与耕地利用模式.地理学报,2008,63(4):377-385.Zhang L P,Zhang Y L,Yan J Z,Wu Y Y.Livelihood diversification and cropland use pattern in agro-pastoral mountainous region of the eastern Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geography,2008,63(4):377-385.(in Chinese)
[18]齐月,刘伟玲,张林波,龚斌,徐翠,冯宏昭,吴志丰.生态补偿对泽库县牧民与移民生计影响的比较.草业科学,2014,31(6):1178-1184.Qi Y,Liu W L,Zhang L B,Gong B,Xu C,Feng H Z,Wu Z F.A comparative analysis of herdsmen and co-immigrant’s livelihood under ecological compensation of the Source Area of Three Rivers:A case study base on household investigation in Zeku County,Qinghai Province.Pratacultural Science,2014,31(6):1178-1184.(in Chinese)
[19]白爽,何晨曦,赵霞.草原生态补奖政策实施效果——基于生产性补贴政策的实证分析.草业科学,2015,32(2):287-293.Bai S,He C X,Zhao X.Implementation effects of grassland ecological compensation and awarding policy:Based on the production subsidy.Pratacultural Science,2015,32(2):287-293.(in Chinese)
[20]伍艳.农户生计资本与生计策略的选择.华南农业大学学报:社会科学版,2015,14(2):57-66.Wu Y.Study on farmers livelihood capital impact upon the livelihood strategies.Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University:Social Science Edition,2015,14(2):57-66.(in Chinese)