3种典型水土保持植物根系数量特征
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摘要
以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿排土场内3种2~4年生典型水土保持植物杨柴(Hedysarum laeve)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)和草木樨(Melilotus suaveolens)的根系为对象,通过研究根系的数量特征,确定其代表根,为进一步研究3种植物根系生物力学特性奠定基础。代表根的确定是将根系以0.5 mm为1个径级进行分级,计算每个径级组的累计根数量、累计根长和累计根表面积等,取这3个值中比例相对较大的径级组作为各自的代表根。结果表明,杨柴代表根径级为0~2.5 mm、沙打旺和草木樨代表根径级相同为0~1.5 mm。表明3种植物根系在土壤中以≤2.5 mm的细根分布为主;因此,在根系固土抗蚀生物力学性质的研究中,建议以3种植物的代表根径级为主要研究范围进行研究。
[Background]Root system is a critical organ for plants to absorb water and nutrients.The more the number of roots and the longer the root is,the deeper and wider the distribution is,and the stronger the ability of soil consolidation of plant roots is.That is,the quantitative and structural characteristics of the root system have an important impact on the soil consolidation of plant roots.There are many open-pit coal mines in Inner Mongolia,which have caused the growing difficulties of plant roots and a large amount of surface runoff.[Methods] In Heidaigou opencast dump site of Zhunger coalfield at Erdos City of Inner Mongolia,choosing the sample plots where 3-4 years old Hedysarum laeve,Astragalus adsurgens,and Melilotus suaveolens grew well,we randomly selected 50 of each plant as the sample,and measured their ground diameters(maximum diameter,plant height and crown width).Further we chose 5 plants closest to the average value from the 50 plants as standard plants.Then we determined the root diameter class by digging whole plant,measuring root diameter with electronic Vernier caliper,and measuring root length with tape.The method of determining the represented root is to classify the root system at an interval of 0.5 mm,calculate the cumulative root number,the cumulative root length and the cumulative root surface area of each diameter class.The relatively large diametergroups were taken as their represented roots.[Results] 1) In the total number of roots,the order of their branching abilities was M.suaveolens(79) > A.dadanensis(67) > H.leave(52),this was related to the plant's own biological characteristics.According to the number of different lateral roots,there were lateral roots Ⅲ for 3 plants.Among them,the number of lateral roots Ⅲ was > the number of lateral roots Ⅱ > the number of lateral roots Ⅰ for H.leave and A.adsurgens.The percentages of number of lateral roots Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 87% and 80% respectively,obviously larger than the percentage of lateral roots Ⅰ at 13% and 20%.For M.suaveolens,the number of lateral roots Ⅲ was higher than that of lateral rootsⅠ > number of lateral roots Ⅱ,and the percentage of the number of lateral roots Ⅱand Ⅲ was 71%,significantly larger than that of lateral roots Ⅰ,28%.The results indicated that the root system of three species was mainly fine root in soil.2) Their represented root diameter classes were H.laeve 0 mm-2.5 mm,A.adsurgens and M.suaveolens 0 mm-1.5 mm,respectively.The roots of 3 plants in soil were mainly distributed with ≤ 2.5 mm.[Conclusions] The represented root diameter should be taken as the main research scope while studying biomechanical properties of root system fixing soil and resisting erosion.
[Background]Root system is a critical organ for plants to absorb water and nutrients.The more the number of roots and the longer the root is,the deeper and wider the distribution is,and the stronger the ability of soil consolidation of plant roots is.That is,the quantitative and structural characteristics of the root system have an important impact on the soil consolidation of plant roots.There are many open-pit coal mines in Inner Mongolia,which have caused the growing difficulties of plant roots and a large amount of surface runoff.[Methods] In Heidaigou opencast dump site of Zhunger coalfield at Erdos City of Inner Mongolia,choosing the sample plots where 3-4 years old Hedysarum laeve,Astragalus adsurgens,and Melilotus suaveolens grew well,we randomly selected 50 of each plant as the sample,and measured their ground diameters(maximum diameter,plant height and crown width).Further we chose 5 plants closest to the average value from the 50 plants as standard plants.Then we determined the root diameter class by digging whole plant,measuring root diameter with electronic Vernier caliper,and measuring root length with tape.The method of determining the represented root is to classify the root system at an interval of 0.5 mm,calculate the cumulative root number,the cumulative root length and the cumulative root surface area of each diameter class.The relatively large diametergroups were taken as their represented roots.[Results] 1) In the total number of roots,the order of their branching abilities was M.suaveolens(79) > A.dadanensis(67) > H.leave(52),this was related to the plant's own biological characteristics.According to the number of different lateral roots,there were lateral roots Ⅲ for 3 plants.Among them,the number of lateral roots Ⅲ was > the number of lateral roots Ⅱ > the number of lateral roots Ⅰ for H.leave and A.adsurgens.The percentages of number of lateral roots Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 87% and 80% respectively,obviously larger than the percentage of lateral roots Ⅰ at 13% and 20%.For M.suaveolens,the number of lateral roots Ⅲ was higher than that of lateral rootsⅠ > number of lateral roots Ⅱ,and the percentage of the number of lateral roots Ⅱand Ⅲ was 71%,significantly larger than that of lateral roots Ⅰ,28%.The results indicated that the root system of three species was mainly fine root in soil.2) Their represented root diameter classes were H.laeve 0 mm-2.5 mm,A.adsurgens and M.suaveolens 0 mm-1.5 mm,respectively.The roots of 3 plants in soil were mainly distributed with ≤ 2.5 mm.[Conclusions] The represented root diameter should be taken as the main research scope while studying biomechanical properties of root system fixing soil and resisting erosion.
引文
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[3]曹波,曹志东,王黎明,等.植物根系固土作用研究进展[J].水土保持应用技术,2009,1:26.CAO Bo,CAO Zhidong,WANG Liming,et al.Research progress of root-soil effect of plant roots[J].Technology of Soil and Water Conservation,2009,1:26.
[4]毛瑢,孟广涛,周跃.植物根系对土壤侵蚀控制机理的研究[J].水土保持研究,2006,13(2):241.MAO Rong,MENG Guangtao,ZHOU Yue.Mechanism of plant roots on soil erosion control[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,13(2):241.
[5]杨晓芬,吴发启,马波,等.黄土坡耕地玉米作物的防蚀作用研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2012(10):97.YANG Xiaofen,WU Faqi,MA Bo,et al.Studies on anti-erosion effects of the maize in loess sloping field[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2012(10):97.
[6]刘福全,刘静,瑙珉,等.植物枝叶与根系耦合固土抗蚀的差异性[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):411.LIU Fuquan,LIU Jing,NAO Min,et al.Species-associated differences in foliage-root coupling soil-reinforcement and anti-erosion[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(2):411.
[7]付兴涛,张丽萍,喻理飞,等.植物苗期根系抗侵蚀特性试验研究:以构树和顶坛花椒为例[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):5.FU Xingtao,ZHANG Liping,YU Lifei,et al.Experimental study on soil reinforcement of seedling root system:taking Broussonetia papyrifera and Zanthoxylum bungeanum as examples[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(3):5.
[8]张迪,戴方喜.狗牙根群落土壤-根系系统的结构及其抗冲刷与抗侵蚀性能的空间变化[J].水土保持通报,2015(1):34.ZHANG Di,DAI Fangxi.Spatial variation of soil-root system structure of Cynodon dactylon community and its capability to soil antierodibility and antiscouribicity[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2015(1):34.
[9]农淦.黄土小麦根系对坡地土壤防蚀作用研究[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014:1.NONG Jin.The transformation about the wheat root distribution features affected on the erosion prevention mechanism on loess plateau[D].Yangling,Shaanxi:Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University,2014:1.
[10]刘定辉,李勇.植物根系提高土壤抗侵蚀性机理研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):34.LIU Dinghui,LI Yong.Mechanism of plant roots improving resistance of soil to concentrated flow erosion[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2003,17(3):34.
[11]熊燕梅,夏汉平,李志安,等.植物根系固坡抗蚀的效应与机理研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2007,18(4):895.XIONG Yanmei,XIA Hanping,LI Zhian,et al.Effects and mechanism s of plant roots on slope reinforcement and soil erosion resistance:A research review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(4):895.
[12]LI Peng,ZHAO Zhong.Vertical root distribution character Robiniap seudoacacia on the loess plateau in China[J].Journal of Forestry Research,2004,15(4):87.
[13]格日乐,斯琴,马红燕,等.杨柴枝条生物力学特性的初步研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2013,34(2):46.GE Rile,Si Qin,MA Hongyan,et al.Preliminary study on the biomechanical properties of hedysarum branches[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2013,34(2):46.
[14]格日乐,额尔敦花,宋想斌,等.6种水土保持植物枝条的数量特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):71.GE Rile,E Erdunhua,SONG Xiangbin,et al.Branch quantity characteristic of six kinds of soil and water conservation plants[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,10(6):71.
[15]格日乐,乌仁图雅,左志严.4种植物枝条与根系生物力学特性及其影响因素研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,30(1):46.GE Rile,WU Rentuya,ZUO Zhiyan.Study on biomechanics characteristics and influencing factors of 4 kinds of plant branchs and roots[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2015,30(1):46.
[16]嵇晓雷.基于植被根系分布形态的生态边坡稳定性研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2013.JI Xiaolei.A roots distribution-based study on the stability of ecological slope[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2013.
[17]李珍玉,王丽锋,肖宏彬,等.香根草根系在公路边坡土体中的分布特征[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2017(1):102.LI Zhenyu,WANG Lifeng,XIAO Hongbin,et al.Distribution characteristics of Vetiver's roots in highway slope[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2017(1):102.
[18]赵岩,周文渊,孙保平,等.毛乌素沙地三种荒漠灌木根系分布特征与土壤水分研究[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(4):129.ZHAO Yan,ZHOU Wenyuan,SUN Baoping,et al.Root distribution of three descrt shrubs and soil moisture in Mu Us Sand Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,17(4):129.
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