基于岩石物理相分类确定致密储层孔隙度——以苏里格气田东区为例
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摘要
针对鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东区致密储层受多期不同类型沉积、成岩作用及构造等因素影响,储层孔隙空间小、孔隙类型结构和测井响应复杂等问题,分析了致密储层岩石物理相分类评价体系,从而提出利用岩石物理相分类确定致密储层孔隙度的技术思路。利用研究区致密储层各类测井、岩心及试气资料,建立了不同类别岩石物理相储层孔隙度参数解释模型;在分类岩心刻度测井解释模型的数据点分布拟合中,分类模型具有相对集中分布趋势及较好的线性关系;特别是分别利用分类的密度、声波时差孔隙度参数模型的综合拟合值来求取有效孔隙度参数,这集中地体现出岩性、物性、孔隙类型结构及测井响应特征与差异,明显改善和提高了致密储层孔隙度参数的计算精度和效果,克服了致密储层低信噪比、低分辨率的评价缺陷。现场应用效果表明,致密储层分类建模技术实现了将非均质、非线性的问题转化为相对均质、线性的问题来解决,为准确建立致密储层参数模型提供了有效方法。
Tight reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin,are influenced by multi-stage deposits with different types,diagenesis and structures,and are characterized by small pore space,complex pore types and structures and complex logging responses.In view of this,we analyzed the classification evaluation system of petrophysical facies of tight reservoirs,and proposed a technical solution to the estimation of tight reservoir porosity via petrophysical facies classification.Reservoir parameter interpretation models were built for different types of petrophysical facies by using the available logging,core and formation test data obtained from the tight reservoirs in the study area.During fitting of data point distribution obtained from the calibration of logging interpretation models with classification core data,the classification models showed relatively clustered distribution trend and relatively good linear relationship.Especially when effective porosity parameters were estimated by using the comprehensive fitting values of classification density models and those of interval transit time porosity parameter models separately,the features and differences of lithology,physical property,pore type and structure,as well as logging responses were highlighted,and the accuracy of porosity estimation of tight reservoirs was significantly improved.The problems of low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution of tight reservoirs are successfully solved.Field application shows that classification modeling of tight reservoirs can convert a heterogeneous non-linear problem to a relatively homogeneous and linear one,thus providing an effective method for building tight reservoir parameter models of high quality.
Tight reservoirs in the Sulige Gas Field,Ordos Basin,are influenced by multi-stage deposits with different types,diagenesis and structures,and are characterized by small pore space,complex pore types and structures and complex logging responses.In view of this,we analyzed the classification evaluation system of petrophysical facies of tight reservoirs,and proposed a technical solution to the estimation of tight reservoir porosity via petrophysical facies classification.Reservoir parameter interpretation models were built for different types of petrophysical facies by using the available logging,core and formation test data obtained from the tight reservoirs in the study area.During fitting of data point distribution obtained from the calibration of logging interpretation models with classification core data,the classification models showed relatively clustered distribution trend and relatively good linear relationship.Especially when effective porosity parameters were estimated by using the comprehensive fitting values of classification density models and those of interval transit time porosity parameter models separately,the features and differences of lithology,physical property,pore type and structure,as well as logging responses were highlighted,and the accuracy of porosity estimation of tight reservoirs was significantly improved.The problems of low signal-to-noise ratio and low resolution of tight reservoirs are successfully solved.Field application shows that classification modeling of tight reservoirs can convert a heterogeneous non-linear problem to a relatively homogeneous and linear one,thus providing an effective method for building tight reservoir parameter models of high quality.
引文
[1]杨华,付金华,魏新善.鄂尔多斯盆地天然气成藏特征[J].天然气工业,2005,25(4):5-8.YANG Hua,FU Jinhua,WEI Xinshan.Characteristics of natural gas reservoir formation in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2005,25(4):5-8.
[2]宋子齐,王瑞飞,孙颖,等.基于成岩储集相定量分类模式确定特低渗透相对优质储层——以AS油田长61特低渗透储层成岩储集相定量评价为例[J].沉积学报,2011,29(1):88-95.SONG Ziqi,WANG Ruifei,SUN Ying,et al.Based on the quantitative classification mode of diagenetic reservoir facies to filter relatively excellent quality:Taking the quantitative assessment of diagenetic facies of Chang 61reservoir of AS oilfield hyposmosis reservoirs for an example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(1):88-95.
[3]文华国,郑荣才,高红灿,等.苏里格气田苏6井区下石盒子组盒8段沉积相特征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):90-98.WEN Huaguo,ZHENG Rongcai,GAO Hongcan,et al.Sedimentary facies of the 8th member of Lower Shihezi formation in Su 6area,Sulige Gas Field[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):90-98.
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[5]宋子齐,成志刚,孙迪,等.利用岩石物理相流动单元“甜点”筛选致密储层含气有利区——以苏里格气田东区为例[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):41-48.SONG Ziqi,CHENG Zhigang,SUN Di,et al.Identification of tight gas play fairways according to flow unit sweet spots of petrophysical facies:A case study from the eastern Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):41-48.
[6]王瑞飞,陈明强.储层沉积—成岩过程中孔隙度参数演化的定量分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(10):1432-1437.WANG Ruifei,CHEN Mingqiang.Quantitative analysis of porosity evolution during the reservoir sedimentation-diagenesis:Taking the Yan 25and Zhuang 40areas in the Or- dos Basin as examples[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(10):1432-1437.
[7]张晓峰,侯明才,陈安清.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部下石盒子组致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素[J].天然气工业,2010,30(11):34-38.ZHANG Xiaofeng,HOU Mingcai,CHEN Anqing.Features and main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Shihezi Formation in the northeastern Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(11):34-38.
[8]宋子齐,程国建,杨立雷,等.利用测井资料精细评价特低渗透储层的方法[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(6):595-599.SONG Ziqi,CHENG Guojian,YANG Lilei,et al.A method for fine evaluation in extra-low permeability reservoirs using logging data[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(6):595-599.
[9]宋子齐,唐长久,庞振宇,等.利用岩石物理相“甜点”筛选特低渗透储层含油有利区[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):711-716.SONG Ziqi,TANG Changjiu,PANG Zhenyu,et al.Determination of favorable oil-bearing areas with extra low-permeability reservoir by“dessert”of petrophysical facies[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(5):711-716.
[10]熊琦华,彭仕宓,黄述旺,等.岩石物理相研究方法初探——以辽河凹陷冷东—雷家地区为例[J].石油学报,1994,15(增刊1):68-75.XIONG Qihua,PENG Shimi,HUANG Shuwang,et al.A preliminary study of the new concept of petrophysical facies and its initial application in Lengdong-Leijia region in Liaohe Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(S1):68-75.
[11]姚光庆,赵彦超,张森龙.新民油田低渗细粒储集砂岩岩石物理相研究[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):355-360.YAO Guangqing,ZHAO Yanchao,ZHANG Senlong.Petrophysical facies of low permeability and fine grain reservoir sandstones in Xinmin oilfield[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):355-360.
[12]许磊,于兴河,杨勇,等.苏里格南部地区盒8段致密砂岩储层成岩作用及成岩相划分[J].天然气工业,2012,32(7):15-20.XU Lei,YU Xinghe,YANG Yong,et al.Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of tight sandstone reservoirs in the 8th member of the Shihezi Formation,southern Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(7):15-20.
[13]黎菁,赵峰,刘鹏.苏里格气田东区致密砂岩气藏储层物性下限值的确定[J].天然气工业,2012,32(6):31-35.LI Qing,ZHAO Feng,LIU Peng.Determination of lower limits of porosity and permeability of tight sand gas reservoirs in the eastern block of the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(6):31-35.
[14]宋子齐.测井多参数的地质应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993:110-140.SONG Ziqi.Geologic application of multi log parameters[M].Xi’an:Northwest Industrial University Press,1993:110-140.
[15]宋子齐,王浩,赵磊,等.灰色系统储盖组合精细评价的分析方法[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):35-41.SONG Ziqi,WANG Hao,ZHAO Lei,et al.Fine evaluation of reservoir-cap combination using gray system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(4):35-41.
[16]宋子齐,杨立雷,程英,等.非均质砾岩储层综合评价方法[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(4):415-419.SONG Ziqi,YANG Lilei,CHENG Ying,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of heterogeneity conglomerate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2007,29(4):415-419.
[17]高兴军,宋子齐,程仲平,等.影响砂岩油藏水驱开发效果的综合评价方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):68-69.GAO Xingjun,SONG Ziqi,CHENG Zhongping,et al.Geologic factors influencing the water drive development of sandstone reservoirs and their comprehensive evaluation using Grey System Theory[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):68-69.
[18]宋子齐.灰色理论油气储层评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:17-77.SONG Ziqi.Grey theory hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:17-77.
[19]宋子齐,程国建,王静,等.特低渗透油层有效厚度确定方法研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):103-106.SONG Ziqi,CHENG Guojian,WANG Jing,et al.Determination of effective thickness for oil reservoirs with extra-low permeability[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):103-106.
[20]隋军,吕晓光,赵瀚卿,等.大庆油田河流三角洲相储集层研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:138-142.SUI Jun,LYU Xiaoguang,ZHAO Hanqing,et al.Study on fluvial-delta depositional reservoir in Daqing Oil Field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000:138-142.
[21]杨华,张军,王飞燕,等.鄂尔多斯盆地古生界含气系统特征[J].天然气工业,2000,20(6):7-10.YANG Hua,ZHANG Jun,WANG Feiyan,et al.Characteristics of Paleozoic gas system in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(6):7-10.
[22]曾大乾,李淑贞.中国低渗透砂岩储层类型及地质特征[J].石油学报,1994,15(1):38-45.ZENG Daqian,LI Shuzhen.Types and characteristics of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(1):38-45.
[2]宋子齐,王瑞飞,孙颖,等.基于成岩储集相定量分类模式确定特低渗透相对优质储层——以AS油田长61特低渗透储层成岩储集相定量评价为例[J].沉积学报,2011,29(1):88-95.SONG Ziqi,WANG Ruifei,SUN Ying,et al.Based on the quantitative classification mode of diagenetic reservoir facies to filter relatively excellent quality:Taking the quantitative assessment of diagenetic facies of Chang 61reservoir of AS oilfield hyposmosis reservoirs for an example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2011,29(1):88-95.
[3]文华国,郑荣才,高红灿,等.苏里格气田苏6井区下石盒子组盒8段沉积相特征[J].沉积学报,2007,25(1):90-98.WEN Huaguo,ZHENG Rongcai,GAO Hongcan,et al.Sedimentary facies of the 8th member of Lower Shihezi formation in Su 6area,Sulige Gas Field[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2007,25(1):90-98.
[4]付金华,魏新善,任军峰,等.鄂尔多斯盆地天然气勘探形势与发展前景[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):1-4.FU Jinhua,WEN Xinshan,REN Junfeng,et al.Gas exploration and developing prospect in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):1-4.
[5]宋子齐,成志刚,孙迪,等.利用岩石物理相流动单元“甜点”筛选致密储层含气有利区——以苏里格气田东区为例[J].天然气工业,2013,33(1):41-48.SONG Ziqi,CHENG Zhigang,SUN Di,et al.Identification of tight gas play fairways according to flow unit sweet spots of petrophysical facies:A case study from the eastern Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2013,33(1):41-48.
[6]王瑞飞,陈明强.储层沉积—成岩过程中孔隙度参数演化的定量分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地沿25区块、庄40区块为例[J].地质学报,2007,81(10):1432-1437.WANG Ruifei,CHEN Mingqiang.Quantitative analysis of porosity evolution during the reservoir sedimentation-diagenesis:Taking the Yan 25and Zhuang 40areas in the Or- dos Basin as examples[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(10):1432-1437.
[7]张晓峰,侯明才,陈安清.鄂尔多斯盆地东北部下石盒子组致密砂岩储层特征及主控因素[J].天然气工业,2010,30(11):34-38.ZHANG Xiaofeng,HOU Mingcai,CHEN Anqing.Features and main controlling factors of tight sandstone reservoirs in the Lower Shihezi Formation in the northeastern Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2010,30(11):34-38.
[8]宋子齐,程国建,杨立雷,等.利用测井资料精细评价特低渗透储层的方法[J].石油实验地质,2006,28(6):595-599.SONG Ziqi,CHENG Guojian,YANG Lilei,et al.A method for fine evaluation in extra-low permeability reservoirs using logging data[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2006,28(6):595-599.
[9]宋子齐,唐长久,庞振宇,等.利用岩石物理相“甜点”筛选特低渗透储层含油有利区[J].石油学报,2008,29(5):711-716.SONG Ziqi,TANG Changjiu,PANG Zhenyu,et al.Determination of favorable oil-bearing areas with extra low-permeability reservoir by“dessert”of petrophysical facies[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2008,29(5):711-716.
[10]熊琦华,彭仕宓,黄述旺,等.岩石物理相研究方法初探——以辽河凹陷冷东—雷家地区为例[J].石油学报,1994,15(增刊1):68-75.XIONG Qihua,PENG Shimi,HUANG Shuwang,et al.A preliminary study of the new concept of petrophysical facies and its initial application in Lengdong-Leijia region in Liaohe Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(S1):68-75.
[11]姚光庆,赵彦超,张森龙.新民油田低渗细粒储集砂岩岩石物理相研究[J].地球科学,1995,20(3):355-360.YAO Guangqing,ZHAO Yanchao,ZHANG Senlong.Petrophysical facies of low permeability and fine grain reservoir sandstones in Xinmin oilfield[J].Earth Science,1995,20(3):355-360.
[12]许磊,于兴河,杨勇,等.苏里格南部地区盒8段致密砂岩储层成岩作用及成岩相划分[J].天然气工业,2012,32(7):15-20.XU Lei,YU Xinghe,YANG Yong,et al.Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of tight sandstone reservoirs in the 8th member of the Shihezi Formation,southern Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(7):15-20.
[13]黎菁,赵峰,刘鹏.苏里格气田东区致密砂岩气藏储层物性下限值的确定[J].天然气工业,2012,32(6):31-35.LI Qing,ZHAO Feng,LIU Peng.Determination of lower limits of porosity and permeability of tight sand gas reservoirs in the eastern block of the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(6):31-35.
[14]宋子齐.测井多参数的地质应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1993:110-140.SONG Ziqi.Geologic application of multi log parameters[M].Xi’an:Northwest Industrial University Press,1993:110-140.
[15]宋子齐,王浩,赵磊,等.灰色系统储盖组合精细评价的分析方法[J].石油学报,2002,23(4):35-41.SONG Ziqi,WANG Hao,ZHAO Lei,et al.Fine evaluation of reservoir-cap combination using gray system[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2002,23(4):35-41.
[16]宋子齐,杨立雷,程英,等.非均质砾岩储层综合评价方法[J].石油实验地质,2007,29(4):415-419.SONG Ziqi,YANG Lilei,CHENG Ying,et al.Comprehensive evaluation of heterogeneity conglomerate reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2007,29(4):415-419.
[17]高兴军,宋子齐,程仲平,等.影响砂岩油藏水驱开发效果的综合评价方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(2):68-69.GAO Xingjun,SONG Ziqi,CHENG Zhongping,et al.Geologic factors influencing the water drive development of sandstone reservoirs and their comprehensive evaluation using Grey System Theory[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2003,30(2):68-69.
[18]宋子齐.灰色理论油气储层评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:17-77.SONG Ziqi.Grey theory hydrocarbon reservoir evaluation[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995:17-77.
[19]宋子齐,程国建,王静,等.特低渗透油层有效厚度确定方法研究[J].石油学报,2006,27(6):103-106.SONG Ziqi,CHENG Guojian,WANG Jing,et al.Determination of effective thickness for oil reservoirs with extra-low permeability[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(6):103-106.
[20]隋军,吕晓光,赵瀚卿,等.大庆油田河流三角洲相储集层研究[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000:138-142.SUI Jun,LYU Xiaoguang,ZHAO Hanqing,et al.Study on fluvial-delta depositional reservoir in Daqing Oil Field[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000:138-142.
[21]杨华,张军,王飞燕,等.鄂尔多斯盆地古生界含气系统特征[J].天然气工业,2000,20(6):7-10.YANG Hua,ZHANG Jun,WANG Feiyan,et al.Characteristics of Paleozoic gas system in Ordos Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2000,20(6):7-10.
[22]曾大乾,李淑贞.中国低渗透砂岩储层类型及地质特征[J].石油学报,1994,15(1):38-45.ZENG Daqian,LI Shuzhen.Types and characteristics of low permeability sandstone reservoirs in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1994,15(1):38-45.