钢琴演奏生理与心理相结合练习效果对比的反思实例研究
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摘要
本研究通过作者在钢琴作品练习过程中的生理练习与生理、心理练习相结合的演奏效果对比,进行自身观察与演奏的反思实例研究。参与本项研究的钢琴作品可分为两组,各组包含有一首中级段和一首高级段钢琴作品:第一组是格里格的两首作品运用生理练习弹奏,第二组是德彪西的两首作品运用生理与心理相结合练习弹奏(1∶1)。两组作品均设定在两周完成,第一组每天30分钟生理练习,第二组每天15分钟生理练习、15分钟心理练习。四首钢琴曲均为事先没有练习过的曲目并且每组作品具有不同的音乐个性和练习难度。生理练习主要通过技术性与音乐性两方面来指导观察,生理与心理相结合练习加入四种其他方式指导练习:视觉想象,听觉想象,肢体意识以及信心,情感和作品沟通。研究结果表明心理练习作为一种生理练习的辅助练习,可以有效地改善和增强练习过程中的音乐理解以及作品演奏。
引文
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[42]Callow,N.,&Hardy,L.(2004).The relationship between the use if kinaesthetic imagery and different visual imagery perspectives.Journal of sports Sciences,22,167-177.
[43]Lim,S.&Lippman,L.G.(1991).Mental practice and memorization of piano music.The Journal of General Psychology,118(1),121-130.
[2][8][21]Coffman,D.D.(1990).Effects of mental practice,physical practice,and knowledge of results on piano performance.Journal of Research in Music Education,38(3),187-196.
[3][22][32][35]Theiler,A.M.,&Lippman,L.G.(1995).Effects of mental practice and modeling on guitar and vocal performance.Journal of General Psychology,122(4),329-343.
[4][13]Driskell J.E.,Copper C.and Moran,A.(1994).Does mental practice enhance performance?Journal of Applied Psychology,79(4),481-492.
[5][29][33][36]Ross,S.L.(1985).The effectiveness of mental practice in improving the performance of college trombonists.Journal of Research in Music Education,33(4),221-230.
[6]Magill,Richard A.(2001)Motor learning:concepts and applications(6thed.).Boston,Mass.:McGraw-Hill.pp.320-330
[7]Van Meer,J.&Theunissen,N.(2009).Prospective Educational Applications of Mental Simulation:A Meta-review.Educational Psychology Review,21(2),93-112.
[9]Singer,R.N.(1972).The psychomotor domain:Movement behavior.Philadelphia:Lea&Febiger.
[10]Feltz,D.L.,Landers,D.M.&Becker,B.J.(1988).A revised meta-analysis of the mental practice literature on motor skill learning’,in D.Druckman and J.A.Swets(eds)Enhancing Human Performance:Issues,Theories,and Techniques,Part III,1-65.Washington,DC:National Academy Press.
[11]Hird,J.S.,Landers,D.M.,Thomas,J.R.,&Horan,J.J.(1991).Physical practice is superior to mental practice in enhancing cognitive and motor task performance.Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology,13,281-293.
[12][30]Etnier,J.L.,&Landers,D.M.(1996).The influence of procedural variables on the efficacy of mental practice.The Sport Psychologist,10,48-57.
[14]Feltz,D.L.,Landers,D.M.(1983).The effects of mental practice on motor skill learning and performance:A meta analysis’,Journal of Sport Psychology,5,25-57.
[15]Trusheim,W.H.(1987).Mental imagery and musical performance:An inquiry into imagery use by eminent orchestral brass players in the United States.Unpublished doctoral dissertation,Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey,New Brunswick,USA.
[16]Carter,M.R.(1993)Mental imagery in the science and art of singing:An inquiry into imagery use by a select group of professional singers.Unpublished doctoral dissertation,Rutgers,State University of New Jersey,New Brunswick,USA.
[17]Barry,N.H.and McArthur,V.(1994).Teaching practice strategies in the music studio:A survey of applied music teachers.Psychology of Music,22,44-55.
[18]Deutsch,D.,Pierce,J.R.(1992).The climate of auditory imagery and music.In D Reisberg(ed.)Auditory imagery.Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,Inc.Hillsdale,New Jersey.237-260
[19]Aleman A,Nieuwenstein M.R,B9cker KB,de Haan E.H.(2000).Music training and mental imagery ability.Neuropsychologia,38(12),1664-1668.
[20]Freymuth,Malva.(1993).Mental practice for musicians:Theory and application.Medical problems of performing artists,8(4),141-143.
[23]Miksza,P.(2005).The effect of mental practice on the performance achievements of high school trombonists.Contributions to music education,32(1),75-93.
[24]Denscombe,M.(2007)The good research guide:for small-scale social research projects(3rded.).Maidenhead,England;New York:Open University Press.
[25][37]Barr,K.A.,&Hall,C.R.(1992).The use of imagery by rowers.International Journal of Sport Psychology,23,243-261.
[26][38]Mahoney,M.J.,&Avener,M.(1977).Psychology of the elite athlete:An exploratory study.Cognitive Therapy and Research,1,135-141.
[27]Guillot,A.,&Collect,C.(2005).Contribution from neurophysiological and psychological methods to the study of motor imagery.Brain Research Reviews,50,387-397.
[28]Guillot,A.,Collect,C.&Dittmar,A.(2004).Relationship between visual vs.kinesthetic imagery,field dependences-independence and complex motor skills.Journal of Psychophysiology,18,190-199.
[31][39]Coffman,D.D.(1987).The effects of mental practice,physical practice,and aural knowledge of results on improving piano performance.Ph.D.dissertation,University of Kansas,United States--Kansas.Retrieved September 4,2010,from Dissertations&Theses:Full Text.(Publication No.AAT 8813396).
[34][40]Highben,Z.,&Palmer,C.(2004).Effects of auditory and motor mental practice in memorized piano performance.Bulletin of the Council for Research in Music Education,159,58-65.
[41]Rubin-Rabson,G.(1941).Studies in the psychology of memorizing piano music.VI:A comparison of two forms of mental rehearsal and keyboard over-learning.Journal of Educational Psychology,32(8),593-602.
[42]Callow,N.,&Hardy,L.(2004).The relationship between the use if kinaesthetic imagery and different visual imagery perspectives.Journal of sports Sciences,22,167-177.
[43]Lim,S.&Lippman,L.G.(1991).Mental practice and memorization of piano music.The Journal of General Psychology,118(1),121-130.