MBT垃圾的三轴试验结果
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摘要
采集杭州天子岭垃圾填埋场的MBT垃圾,在环境土工实验室进行了成分分析、试样制备、三轴快剪、固结快剪和慢剪试验,对MBT垃圾的剪切强度特性进行了系统地研究。结果表明:①MBT垃圾的组分主要以塑料、纺织物、玻璃、灰土和无法识别的材料为主。②随着轴向应变的增大,偏应力逐渐增大,轴向应变超过30%后仍没达到峰值,是一条应变硬化曲线。③得到了三轴快剪、固结快剪和慢剪试验条件下抗剪强度参数(黏聚力和内摩擦角)的取值范围。④MBT垃圾的抗剪强度参数与轴向应变的关系可拟合为直线关系,建立了抗剪强度参数与轴向应变的线性关系表达式。⑤MBT垃圾的应力–应变关系符合邓肯–张模型,得到了模型参数a,b的取值范围,建立了模型参数a,b与围压的幂函数关系表达式。研究结果可为MBT垃圾填埋场的稳定性分析提供理论基础。
To study the shear behavior of mechanically biologically treated(MBT) waste systematically, the samples from Tianziling landfill(Hangzhou, China) are collected, and several tests are carried out in an environmental and geotechnical laboratory, such as composition analysis, sample preparation, triaxial unconsolidated-undrained(UU), consolidated-undrained(CU), and consolidated-drained(CD) tests. These tests reveal that the main components of the MBT waste include plastics,textiles, glass, fines, and unidentified materials. The deviatoric stress gradually increases with the increasing axial strain, and no peak value is attained even when the axial strain exceeds 30%, indicating a strain hardening behavior. The UU, CU, and CD tests reveal the ranges of the shear strength parameters(cohesion force and internal friction angle). The relationship between shear strength parameters and axial strain is linear, and the fitting equations are obtained. The stress-strain relationship of the MBT waste conforms to that of the Duncan–Chang model, and the ranges of the model parameters(a and b) are obtained.Further, a power function relationship is established between the model parameters and the confining pressure. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the stability analyses of MBT waste landfills.
To study the shear behavior of mechanically biologically treated(MBT) waste systematically, the samples from Tianziling landfill(Hangzhou, China) are collected, and several tests are carried out in an environmental and geotechnical laboratory, such as composition analysis, sample preparation, triaxial unconsolidated-undrained(UU), consolidated-undrained(CU), and consolidated-drained(CD) tests. These tests reveal that the main components of the MBT waste include plastics,textiles, glass, fines, and unidentified materials. The deviatoric stress gradually increases with the increasing axial strain, and no peak value is attained even when the axial strain exceeds 30%, indicating a strain hardening behavior. The UU, CU, and CD tests reveal the ranges of the shear strength parameters(cohesion force and internal friction angle). The relationship between shear strength parameters and axial strain is linear, and the fitting equations are obtained. The stress-strain relationship of the MBT waste conforms to that of the Duncan–Chang model, and the ranges of the model parameters(a and b) are obtained.Further, a power function relationship is established between the model parameters and the confining pressure. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the stability analyses of MBT waste landfills.
引文
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[4]陈云敏.环境土工基本理论及工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(1):1-46.(CHEN Yun-min.A fundamental theory of environmental geotechnics and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(1):1-46.(in Chinese))
[5]杨列,刘婷,陈思,等.生活垃圾机械-生物预处理工艺优化[J].环境工程,2011,29(6):89-93.(YANG Lie,LIU Ting,CHEN Si,et al.Optimization of mechanical biological pretreatment for MSW[J].Environmental Engineering,2011,29(6):89-93.(in Chinese))
[6]刘婷,杨列,陈朱蕾,等.生活垃圾生物预处理效果研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(7):1693-1696.(LIU Ting,YANG Lie,CHEN Zhu-lei,et al.Biological pretreatment of municipal solid waste[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(7):1693-1696.(in Chinese))
[7]屈阳,张进锋,朱卫兵,等.城市生活垃圾机械生物处理效果[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):401-406.(QU Yang,ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHU Wei-bing,et al.Mechanical biological treatment effect of MSW[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):401-406.(in Chinese))
[8]吴玮,杨再兴,冯猛.封场垃圾填埋场的土地整理及利用[J].环境卫生工程,2013,21(4):16-18.(WU Wei,YANG Zai-xing,FENG Meng.Land arrangement and utilization of closured waste landfill sites[J].Environmental Sanitation Engineering,2013,21(4):16-18.(in Chinese))
[9]赵燕如,谢强,张永兴,等.城市生活垃圾降解-压缩特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(10):1863-1871.(ZHAO Yan-ru,XIE Qiang,ZHANG Yong-xing,et al.Experimental study on biodegradation-compression properties of municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(10):1863-1871.(in Chinese))
[10]许四法,王国才,王哲.温度和填埋高度引起的垃圾填埋场边坡部土工膜张拉力评价[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3120-3124.(XU Si-fa,WANG Guo-cai,WANG Zhe.Evaluation of tensile forces of geomembrane placed on waste landfill slope due to temperature variation and filling height[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3120-3124.(in Chinese))
[11]K?LSCH F.The Bearing behaviour of domestic waste and related consequences for stability.CISA(Hrsg.)[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Landfill Symposium.Cagliari,1993:1393-1410.
[12]K?LSCH F.Material values for some mechanical properties of domestic waste.CISA(Hrsg.)[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Landfill Symposium.Cagliari,1995:711-729.
[13]K?LSCH F.Der Einflu?der Faserbestandteile auf die Scherfestigkeit von Siedlungs-abfall[D].Braunschweig:Technische Universitaet Braunschweig,1996.(K?LSCH F.The influence of fiber components on the shear strength of municipal solid waste[D].Braunschweig:Technical University of Braunschweig,1996.(in German)
[14]POWRIE W,BEAVEN R P.Hydraulic properties of household waste and implications for landfills[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):235-247.
[15]DE LAMARE NETO,A.Resistência ao Cisalhamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos de materiais Granulares com Fibras[D].Rio de Janeiro:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,2004.(DE LAMARE NETO,A.The resistance to shear of solid urban waste and granular fiber materials[D].Rio de Janeiro:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,2004.(in Portuguese))
[16]FUCALE S P.Influência dos Componentes de Refor?o na Resistência de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos[D].Pernambuco:Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,2005.(FUCALE S P.Influence of reinforcement components on the shear strength of municipal solid waste[D].Pernambuco:Federal University of Pernambuco,2005.(in Portuguese))
[17]CALLE J A C.Comportamento Geomecanico de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos[D].Rio de Janeiro:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,2007.(CALLE J A C.Geomechanical behavior of municipal solid waste[D].Rio de Janeiro:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,2007.(in Portuguese))
[18]MOTTA E de Q.Avalia??o da Resistência de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos com Codisposi??o de Lodo de Tratamento de esgoto através de Ensaios de Cisalhamento Direto de Grandes Dimens?es[D].Pernambuco:Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,2011.(MOTTA E de Q.Evaluation of the resistance of municipal solid waste with sewage treatment sludge in large-scale direct shear tests[D].Pernambuco:Federal University of Pernambuco,2011.(in Portuguese))
[19]FUCALE S,JOSéF T J,MUENNICH K.The mechanical behavior of MBT-Waste[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,20(13):5927-5937.
[20]SIVAKUMAR B G L,LAKSHMIKANTHAN P,SANTHOSH L G.Shear strength characteristics of mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste(MBT-MSW)from Bangalore[J].Waste Management,2015,39:63-70.
[21]PIMOLTHAI P,WAGNER J F.Soil mechanical properties of MBT waste from Luxembourg,Germany and Thailand[J].Songklanakarin Journal of Science&Technology,2014,36(6):701-709.
[22]Kuehle-Weidemeier.Geotechanical properties and emission behaviour of mechanically and biologically treated municipal solid waste landfill properties of MBT waste[M].Langenhagen:Report for Waste Consult International,2006.
[23]杜吴鹏,高庆先,张恩琛,等.中国城市生活垃圾排放现状及成分分析[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(5):85-90.(DUWu-peng,GAO Qing-xian,ZHANG En-chen,et al.The emission status and composition analysis of municipal solid waste in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(5):85-90.(in Chinese))
[24]施建勇,朱俊高,刘荣,等.垃圾土强度特性试验与双线强度包线研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,32(10):1499-1504.(SHI Jian-yong,ZHU Jun-gao,LIU Rong,et al.Tests on shear strength behavior and envelop of double lines of municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,32(10):1499-1504.(in Chinese))
[25]张振营,严立俊,吴大志,等.新鲜生活垃圾抗剪强度参数变化规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(3):432-439.(ZHANG Zhen-ying,YAN Li-jun,WU Da-zhi,et al.Experimental study on shear strength parameters of fresh municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(3):432-439.(in Chinese))
[26]陈云敏,郭淇钢,徐晓兵,等.饱和城市固废一维降解固结解析解[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(12):2137-2146.(CHEN Yun-min,GUO Qi-gang,XU Xiao-bing,et al.Analytical solution for one-dimensional degradationconsolidation of saturated municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(12):2137-2146.(in Chinese))
[27]SL237-1999土工试验规程[S].1999.(SL237-1999Specification of soil test[S].1999.(in Chinese))
[28]CJJ/T 204-2013生活垃圾土土工试验技术规程[S].2014.(CJJ/T 204-2014 Technical specification for soil test of landfilled municipal solid waste[S].2014.(in Chinese))
[29]冯世进,周子范,陈云敏,等.城市固体废弃物剪切强度参数的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2005,39(7):987-991.(FENG Shi-jin,ZHOU Zi-fan,CHEN Yun-min,et al.Study on shear strength parameters of municipal solid waste[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2005,39(7):987-991.(in Chinese))
[2]李磊,袁光钰.中国城市生活垃圾处理现状及展望[J].世界环境,2017,169(6):24-27.(LI Lei,YUAN Guang-yu.Present situation and prospects of municipal solid waste treatment in China[J].World Environment,2017,169(6):24-27.(in Chinese))
[3]罗媛.我国城市垃圾围城现状、成因与对策[J].经济研究导刊,2016,310(29):45-46.(LUO Yuan.The current situation,reason and countermeasures of MSW in China[J].Economic Research Guide,2016,310(29):45-46.(in Chinese))
[4]陈云敏.环境土工基本理论及工程应用[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(1):1-46.(CHEN Yun-min.A fundamental theory of environmental geotechnics and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(1):1-46.(in Chinese))
[5]杨列,刘婷,陈思,等.生活垃圾机械-生物预处理工艺优化[J].环境工程,2011,29(6):89-93.(YANG Lie,LIU Ting,CHEN Si,et al.Optimization of mechanical biological pretreatment for MSW[J].Environmental Engineering,2011,29(6):89-93.(in Chinese))
[6]刘婷,杨列,陈朱蕾,等.生活垃圾生物预处理效果研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(7):1693-1696.(LIU Ting,YANG Lie,CHEN Zhu-lei,et al.Biological pretreatment of municipal solid waste[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2015,54(7):1693-1696.(in Chinese))
[7]屈阳,张进锋,朱卫兵,等.城市生活垃圾机械生物处理效果[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):401-406.(QU Yang,ZHANG Jin-feng,ZHU Wei-bing,et al.Mechanical biological treatment effect of MSW[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2015,9(1):401-406.(in Chinese))
[8]吴玮,杨再兴,冯猛.封场垃圾填埋场的土地整理及利用[J].环境卫生工程,2013,21(4):16-18.(WU Wei,YANG Zai-xing,FENG Meng.Land arrangement and utilization of closured waste landfill sites[J].Environmental Sanitation Engineering,2013,21(4):16-18.(in Chinese))
[9]赵燕如,谢强,张永兴,等.城市生活垃圾降解-压缩特性试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,36(10):1863-1871.(ZHAO Yan-ru,XIE Qiang,ZHANG Yong-xing,et al.Experimental study on biodegradation-compression properties of municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,36(10):1863-1871.(in Chinese))
[10]许四法,王国才,王哲.温度和填埋高度引起的垃圾填埋场边坡部土工膜张拉力评价[J].岩土力学,2010,31(10):3120-3124.(XU Si-fa,WANG Guo-cai,WANG Zhe.Evaluation of tensile forces of geomembrane placed on waste landfill slope due to temperature variation and filling height[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2010,31(10):3120-3124.(in Chinese))
[11]K?LSCH F.The Bearing behaviour of domestic waste and related consequences for stability.CISA(Hrsg.)[C]//Proceedings of the 4th International Landfill Symposium.Cagliari,1993:1393-1410.
[12]K?LSCH F.Material values for some mechanical properties of domestic waste.CISA(Hrsg.)[C]//Proceedings of the 5th International Landfill Symposium.Cagliari,1995:711-729.
[13]K?LSCH F.Der Einflu?der Faserbestandteile auf die Scherfestigkeit von Siedlungs-abfall[D].Braunschweig:Technische Universitaet Braunschweig,1996.(K?LSCH F.The influence of fiber components on the shear strength of municipal solid waste[D].Braunschweig:Technical University of Braunschweig,1996.(in German)
[14]POWRIE W,BEAVEN R P.Hydraulic properties of household waste and implications for landfills[J].Geotechnical Engineering,1999,137(4):235-247.
[15]DE LAMARE NETO,A.Resistência ao Cisalhamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos de materiais Granulares com Fibras[D].Rio de Janeiro:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,2004.(DE LAMARE NETO,A.The resistance to shear of solid urban waste and granular fiber materials[D].Rio de Janeiro:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,2004.(in Portuguese))
[16]FUCALE S P.Influência dos Componentes de Refor?o na Resistência de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos[D].Pernambuco:Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,2005.(FUCALE S P.Influence of reinforcement components on the shear strength of municipal solid waste[D].Pernambuco:Federal University of Pernambuco,2005.(in Portuguese))
[17]CALLE J A C.Comportamento Geomecanico de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos[D].Rio de Janeiro:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro,2007.(CALLE J A C.Geomechanical behavior of municipal solid waste[D].Rio de Janeiro:Federal University of Rio de Janeiro,2007.(in Portuguese))
[18]MOTTA E de Q.Avalia??o da Resistência de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos com Codisposi??o de Lodo de Tratamento de esgoto através de Ensaios de Cisalhamento Direto de Grandes Dimens?es[D].Pernambuco:Universidade Federal de Pernambuco,2011.(MOTTA E de Q.Evaluation of the resistance of municipal solid waste with sewage treatment sludge in large-scale direct shear tests[D].Pernambuco:Federal University of Pernambuco,2011.(in Portuguese))
[19]FUCALE S,JOSéF T J,MUENNICH K.The mechanical behavior of MBT-Waste[J].Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,20(13):5927-5937.
[20]SIVAKUMAR B G L,LAKSHMIKANTHAN P,SANTHOSH L G.Shear strength characteristics of mechanically biologically treated municipal solid waste(MBT-MSW)from Bangalore[J].Waste Management,2015,39:63-70.
[21]PIMOLTHAI P,WAGNER J F.Soil mechanical properties of MBT waste from Luxembourg,Germany and Thailand[J].Songklanakarin Journal of Science&Technology,2014,36(6):701-709.
[22]Kuehle-Weidemeier.Geotechanical properties and emission behaviour of mechanically and biologically treated municipal solid waste landfill properties of MBT waste[M].Langenhagen:Report for Waste Consult International,2006.
[23]杜吴鹏,高庆先,张恩琛,等.中国城市生活垃圾排放现状及成分分析[J].环境科学研究,2006,19(5):85-90.(DUWu-peng,GAO Qing-xian,ZHANG En-chen,et al.The emission status and composition analysis of municipal solid waste in China[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2006,19(5):85-90.(in Chinese))
[24]施建勇,朱俊高,刘荣,等.垃圾土强度特性试验与双线强度包线研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014,32(10):1499-1504.(SHI Jian-yong,ZHU Jun-gao,LIU Rong,et al.Tests on shear strength behavior and envelop of double lines of municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014,32(10):1499-1504.(in Chinese))
[25]张振营,严立俊,吴大志,等.新鲜生活垃圾抗剪强度参数变化规律研究[J].岩土工程学报,2015,37(3):432-439.(ZHANG Zhen-ying,YAN Li-jun,WU Da-zhi,et al.Experimental study on shear strength parameters of fresh municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2015,37(3):432-439.(in Chinese))
[26]陈云敏,郭淇钢,徐晓兵,等.饱和城市固废一维降解固结解析解[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(12):2137-2146.(CHEN Yun-min,GUO Qi-gang,XU Xiao-bing,et al.Analytical solution for one-dimensional degradationconsolidation of saturated municipal solid waste[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(12):2137-2146.(in Chinese))
[27]SL237-1999土工试验规程[S].1999.(SL237-1999Specification of soil test[S].1999.(in Chinese))
[28]CJJ/T 204-2013生活垃圾土土工试验技术规程[S].2014.(CJJ/T 204-2014 Technical specification for soil test of landfilled municipal solid waste[S].2014.(in Chinese))
[29]冯世进,周子范,陈云敏,等.城市固体废弃物剪切强度参数的研究[J].浙江大学学报(工学版),2005,39(7):987-991.(FENG Shi-jin,ZHOU Zi-fan,CHEN Yun-min,et al.Study on shear strength parameters of municipal solid waste[J].Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science),2005,39(7):987-991.(in Chinese))