玉米精量播种智能控制系统研制
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摘要
针对现有玉米播种机地轮打滑、机械结构相对复杂且可靠性不高等问题,研制了基于电机驱动的玉米精量播种智能控制系统。该系统由可调速直流电机、人机交互终端、测速地轮、光电编码器及电子控制单元等组成,人机交互终端采用串口触摸屏,通过RS232接口与电子控制单元进行实时信息交互,以设置播种粒距、地轮直径、编码器线数等系统参数并实时显示播种作业状态。将此系统应用于指夹式排种器,在排种器试验台上进行了系统标定与性能测试试验,结果表明:在前进速度5.05 km/h下,设定播种粒距为30、35、40cm时,其实际播种的平均粒距分别为29.13、34.00、38.29cm,均方根误差分别为0.40、0.37、0.55cm;在前进速度6.95km/h下,设定播种粒距为30、35、40cm时,其实际播种的平均粒距分别为29.10、33.59、38.41cm。试验表明:所研制的玉米精量播种智能控制系统能够根据播种机前进速度准确控制排种器转速以实现粒距一致的播种作业。
An intelligent control system was developed for precision corn seeding based on motor driving by considering complexity in structure of mechanical transmission and slip between land wheels and the ground.The newly developed system was comprised of an adjustable DC motor,a human machine interface(HMI),a speed land wheel,an encoder and an electronic control unit(ECU).By using a touch screen with a serial port as the HMI,parameters including seed spacing,wheel diameter and encoder type could be configured into the ECU.And working status was displayed on the touch screen in real-time during seeding operation.A finger-type seed meter was integrated with the intelligent control system to conduct experiments for evaluation of its performance on a seed drill test platform.Results showed that the average actual spacing was 29.13 cm,34.00 cm and 38.29 cm when the desired spacing was set as 30 cm,35 cm and 40 cm,respectively,under the moving speed of 5.05 km/h.And the average actual in-row spacing was 29.10 cm,33.59 cm,38.41 cm when the desired spacing was set as 30 cm,35 cm and 40 cm,respectively,under the moving speed of 6.95 km/h.It could be concluded that the newly developed intelligent control system for precision corn seeding was capable of automatically adjusting the rotation speed of the seed meter according to the moving speed in order to ensure constant in-row spacing.
An intelligent control system was developed for precision corn seeding based on motor driving by considering complexity in structure of mechanical transmission and slip between land wheels and the ground.The newly developed system was comprised of an adjustable DC motor,a human machine interface(HMI),a speed land wheel,an encoder and an electronic control unit(ECU).By using a touch screen with a serial port as the HMI,parameters including seed spacing,wheel diameter and encoder type could be configured into the ECU.And working status was displayed on the touch screen in real-time during seeding operation.A finger-type seed meter was integrated with the intelligent control system to conduct experiments for evaluation of its performance on a seed drill test platform.Results showed that the average actual spacing was 29.13 cm,34.00 cm and 38.29 cm when the desired spacing was set as 30 cm,35 cm and 40 cm,respectively,under the moving speed of 5.05 km/h.And the average actual in-row spacing was 29.10 cm,33.59 cm,38.41 cm when the desired spacing was set as 30 cm,35 cm and 40 cm,respectively,under the moving speed of 6.95 km/h.It could be concluded that the newly developed intelligent control system for precision corn seeding was capable of automatically adjusting the rotation speed of the seed meter according to the moving speed in order to ensure constant in-row spacing.
引文
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[7]刘忠军,刘立晶,杨学军,等.指夹式玉米免耕精密播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(S2):1-6.
[8]付乾坤,荐世春,贾洪雷,等.玉米灭茬起垄施肥播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):9-16.
[9]Yang Li,He Xiantao,Cui Tao,et al.Development of mechatronic driving system for seed meters equipped on conventional precision corn planter[J].International Journal Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2015,8(4):1-9.
[10]唐尧华.基于拖拉机前轮转速的排种驱动系统的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.
[11]李剑峰.播种机排种自动控制系统的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2006.
[2]纪超,陈学庚,陈金成,等.玉米免耕精量播种机排种质量监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(8):1-6.
[3]胡少兴,马成林.排种器性能检测中种子位置智能检测方法[J].农业机械学报,2001(5):36-39.
[4]赵郑斌,刘昱程,刘忠军,等.基于机器视觉的穴盘精密播种性能检测系统[J].农业机械学报,2014,45(S1):24-28.
[5]王振华,李文广,翟改霞,等.基于单片机控制的气力式免耕播种机监测系统[J].农业机械学报,2013,44(S1):56-60.
[6]林静,刘安东,李宝筏,等.2BG-2型玉米垄作免耕播种机[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(6):43-46,62.
[7]刘忠军,刘立晶,杨学军,等.指夹式玉米免耕精密播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(S2):1-6.
[8]付乾坤,荐世春,贾洪雷,等.玉米灭茬起垄施肥播种机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(4):9-16.
[9]Yang Li,He Xiantao,Cui Tao,et al.Development of mechatronic driving system for seed meters equipped on conventional precision corn planter[J].International Journal Agricultural and Biological Engineering,2015,8(4):1-9.
[10]唐尧华.基于拖拉机前轮转速的排种驱动系统的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2009.
[11]李剑峰.播种机排种自动控制系统的研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2006.