家庭用电背景下基于实时电价的需求响应模型
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摘要
实时电价作为需求响应的响应策略之一,能够为电力用户提供充足有效的价格信号,进而有效应对家庭用电背景下由于新型负荷的加入所带来的问题。在此背景下,以社会福利最大化为目标函数,以家庭负荷的相似特性为分类标准提出了家庭用电背景下基于实时电价的需求响应的数学模型,并采用分布式迭代算法对该数学模型进行求解。对实际算例进行了仿真,仿真结果说明需求响应具有错峰、填谷、削峰和储能的功效,储能装置的参与也能在一定程度上缓解电网压力,提高系统运行稳定性。
As one of the response strategies for demand response,real-time pricing is capable of providing sufficientand effective price signals for electricity users. Accordingly,it can effectively deal with the problems caused by the in-troduction of new load under the household power background. In this context,a mathematical model of demand response based on real-time pricing under the household power background is presented,which takes the maximization ofsocial welfare as an objective function and the similarity of household load as the classification standard. Afterwards,the distributed iterative algorithm is used to solve this model. An actual numerical example is simulated in this paper,and simulation results show that the demand response has functions of peak shifting,valley filling,peak clipping,andenergy storage. Specifically,the involvement of energy storage devices can also eliminate the pressure of power grid to acertain degree,thus improving the stability of system operation.
As one of the response strategies for demand response,real-time pricing is capable of providing sufficientand effective price signals for electricity users. Accordingly,it can effectively deal with the problems caused by the in-troduction of new load under the household power background. In this context,a mathematical model of demand response based on real-time pricing under the household power background is presented,which takes the maximization ofsocial welfare as an objective function and the similarity of household load as the classification standard. Afterwards,the distributed iterative algorithm is used to solve this model. An actual numerical example is simulated in this paper,and simulation results show that the demand response has functions of peak shifting,valley filling,peak clipping,andenergy storage. Specifically,the involvement of energy storage devices can also eliminate the pressure of power grid to acertain degree,thus improving the stability of system operation.
引文
[1]王弟,黄志强,陈庆兰(Wang Di,Huang Zhiqiang,Chen Qinglan).需求响应在电力市场中的作用(The effect of demand response in power market)[J].电力需求侧管理(Power Demand Side Management),2007,19(2):71-73.
[2]李扬,王治华,卢毅,等(Li Yang,Wang Zhihua,Lu Yi,et al).峰谷分时电价的实施及大工业用户的响应(The implementation of peak and valley time price for electricity and the response of large industries)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2001,25(8):45-48.
[3]曾鸣,武赓,王昊婧,等(Zeng Ming,Wu Geng,Wang Hao-jing,et al).智能用电背景下考虑用户满意度的居民需求侧响应调控策略(Regulation strategies of demand response considering user satisfaction under smart power background)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2016,40(10):2917-2923.
[4]戴玮,吕亚(Dai Wei,LüYa).需求响应在居民用户侧的应用(The Application of demand response to residential users)[J].南京工程学院学报(自然科学版)(Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition)),2015,13(4):62-68.
[5]曹昉,韩放,杨以涵,等(Cao Fang,Han Fang,Yang Yihan,et al).实时电价的意义与实现(The significance and implement to spot price)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),1995,19(10):56-59.
[6]殷树刚,苗文静,拜克明(Yin Shugang,Miao Wenjing,Bai Keming).准实时电价策略探析(Discuss of quasi real-time price strategy)[J].电力需求侧管理(Power Demand Side Management),2011,13(1):20-23.
[7]顾国栋,黄奇峰,丁晓,等(Gu Guodong,Huang Qifeng,Ding Xiao,et al).电力用户功率因数考核方法优化方案研究(Optimization scheme of assessment method for customer-side power factor)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2016,40(8):2477-2483.
[8]朱柯丁,宋艺航,谭忠富,等(Zhu Keding,Song Yihang,Tan Zhongfu,et al).居民生活阶梯电价设计优化模型(Design optimization model for tiered pricing of house-hold electricity consumption)[J].华东电力(East China Electric Power),2011,39(6):862-867.
[9] Fahriogulu M,Alvarado F L. Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2001,16(2):317-322.
[10] Lin C E,Viviani G L. Hierarchical economic dispatch for piecewise quadratic cost functions[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1984,103(6):1170-1175.
[2]李扬,王治华,卢毅,等(Li Yang,Wang Zhihua,Lu Yi,et al).峰谷分时电价的实施及大工业用户的响应(The implementation of peak and valley time price for electricity and the response of large industries)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2001,25(8):45-48.
[3]曾鸣,武赓,王昊婧,等(Zeng Ming,Wu Geng,Wang Hao-jing,et al).智能用电背景下考虑用户满意度的居民需求侧响应调控策略(Regulation strategies of demand response considering user satisfaction under smart power background)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2016,40(10):2917-2923.
[4]戴玮,吕亚(Dai Wei,LüYa).需求响应在居民用户侧的应用(The Application of demand response to residential users)[J].南京工程学院学报(自然科学版)(Journal of Nanjing Institute of Technology(Natural Science Edition)),2015,13(4):62-68.
[5]曹昉,韩放,杨以涵,等(Cao Fang,Han Fang,Yang Yihan,et al).实时电价的意义与实现(The significance and implement to spot price)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),1995,19(10):56-59.
[6]殷树刚,苗文静,拜克明(Yin Shugang,Miao Wenjing,Bai Keming).准实时电价策略探析(Discuss of quasi real-time price strategy)[J].电力需求侧管理(Power Demand Side Management),2011,13(1):20-23.
[7]顾国栋,黄奇峰,丁晓,等(Gu Guodong,Huang Qifeng,Ding Xiao,et al).电力用户功率因数考核方法优化方案研究(Optimization scheme of assessment method for customer-side power factor)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2016,40(8):2477-2483.
[8]朱柯丁,宋艺航,谭忠富,等(Zhu Keding,Song Yihang,Tan Zhongfu,et al).居民生活阶梯电价设计优化模型(Design optimization model for tiered pricing of house-hold electricity consumption)[J].华东电力(East China Electric Power),2011,39(6):862-867.
[9] Fahriogulu M,Alvarado F L. Using utility information to calibrate customer demand management behavior models[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2001,16(2):317-322.
[10] Lin C E,Viviani G L. Hierarchical economic dispatch for piecewise quadratic cost functions[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1984,103(6):1170-1175.