从“体育哲学中的身体”到“体育中的身体”——对体育哲学身体研究范式的现象学批判与重建
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摘要
范式问题是当代体育哲学研究新阶段的议题之一。基于"体育哲学中的身体"的形而上学范式主导着当今体育哲学身体研究,主要呈现为概念化与社会学化范式。在现象学理论的批判反思下,概念化范式困于概念无穷倒推的"西西弗斯困境",而以"运动态身体"为代表理论的社会学化范式困于"解释鸿沟"与"李贝特实验",两者均无法与体育直接关联,悬置于体育学众研究之外。基于"体育中的身体"的研究范式源发于现象学理论对体育哲学身体研究的重建,梅洛·庞蒂的"身体图式"与"意向弧"理论重建了体育哲学身体哲学度,从而将体育哲学与体育心理学、体育社会学积极关联,形成了现象学化体育哲学身体研究范式与对体育哲学研究任务的反思。
Paradigm is one of the key issues in the contemporary study of sport philosophy. Nowadays paradigm based on the "body in sport philosophy" dominates the main stream of sport philosophy, which represents as Metaphysical Paradigm and Sociological Paradigm. Under the phenomenological critic, the Metaphysical Paradigm is trapped in the "Sisyphus Dilemma" and the Sociological Paradigm is trapped in the "Explanation Gap", thus both of them can not connect with sport directly and remain outside the sport science. Paradigm based on the "body in sport" originates from the re-construction of sport philosophy by phenomenology. Maurice Merleau-Ponty's "body schema" and "intentional arc" rebuild the conceptual system of paradigm for the body study in sport philosophy. Bernard Andrieu's body emersive theory leads the new paradigm to practical way, which combines sport philosophy with sport psychology and sport physiology, and results in the phenomenological paradigm of body study in sport philosophy as well as the reconsideration on the task of sport philosophy.
Paradigm is one of the key issues in the contemporary study of sport philosophy. Nowadays paradigm based on the "body in sport philosophy" dominates the main stream of sport philosophy, which represents as Metaphysical Paradigm and Sociological Paradigm. Under the phenomenological critic, the Metaphysical Paradigm is trapped in the "Sisyphus Dilemma" and the Sociological Paradigm is trapped in the "Explanation Gap", thus both of them can not connect with sport directly and remain outside the sport science. Paradigm based on the "body in sport" originates from the re-construction of sport philosophy by phenomenology. Maurice Merleau-Ponty's "body schema" and "intentional arc" rebuild the conceptual system of paradigm for the body study in sport philosophy. Bernard Andrieu's body emersive theory leads the new paradigm to practical way, which combines sport philosophy with sport psychology and sport physiology, and results in the phenomenological paradigm of body study in sport philosophy as well as the reconsideration on the task of sport philosophy.
引文
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PURSER A C E,2018.‘Being in Your Body’and‘Being in the Moment’:The Dancing Body-Subject and Inhabited Transcendence[J].J Philos Sport,45(1):37-52.
甘绍平,2013.意志自由与神经科学的挑战[J].哲学科学,(8):84-94.
高强,2016.体育学与哲学:基于学科关键的历史考察[J].体育科学,36(11):82-90.
海德格尔,2016.存在与时间[M].陈嘉映,王庆节,译.北京:商务印书馆.
黑格尔,2013.精神现象学(上卷)[M].贺麟,王玖兴,译.上海:上海人民出版社.
克里斯·希林,2011.文化、技术与社会中的身体[M].李康,译.北京:北京大学出版社.
刘晓力,2014.当代哲学如何面对认知科学的意识难题[J].中国社会科学,(6):48-68.
莫里斯·梅洛·庞蒂,2005.知觉现象学[M].姜志辉,译.北京:商务印书馆.
张震,2017.身体的诠释:《体育与科学》工作坊学术沙龙“体认的运动心灵塑造与显现论的运动身体图式”主题述评[J].体育与科学,38(6):16-21.
ANDRIEU B,2017.Apprendre de Son Corps:Une Méthodeémersive au CNAC[M].Rouen:Presses Universitaires de Rouen et du Havre.
ATKINSON M,2012.“Norbert Elias and the Body”in Routledge Handbook of Body Studies[M].New York:Routledge.
BERTHOZ A,BERNARD A,2010.Le Corps en Acte[M].Nancy:Presses Universitaires de Nancy.
GIULIANOTTI R,2004.Sport and Modern Social Theorist[M].New York:Palgrave Macmillan.
KUHN T S,1996.The Revolution of Scientific Revolution[M].Chicago and London:The University of Chicago Press.
MARTíNKOVáI,2017.Body ecology:Avoiding body-mind dualism[J].Loisir et Société,40(1):101-112.
MCNAMEE M,MORGAN W J,2015.Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy of Sport[M].London:Routledge.
MECHIKOFF R A,ESTES S G,2002.A History and Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education:From Ancient Civilization to the Modern World[M].New York:McGraw-Hill.
MOE V F,2005.A Philosophical Critique of Classical Cognitivism in Sport:From Information Processing to Bodily Background[J].JPhilos Sport,32:155-183.
PURSER A C E,2018.‘Being in Your Body’and‘Being in the Moment’:The Dancing Body-Subject and Inhabited Transcendence[J].J Philos Sport,45(1):37-52.