低丘红壤区稻田实际蒸散特征及其气象影响因素
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摘要
本研究分析了低丘红壤地区晚稻全生育期田间气象观测数据,阐明了水稻各生育期实际蒸散量特征及规律,采用通径分析方法与Beven敏感性公式对比研究了气象因子对实际蒸散的影响。结果表明:全生育期蒸散实测值为290.6 mm,其中移栽-分蘖期实测蒸散量最大,为96.9 mm,占全生育期蒸散量的33.3%;逐日蒸散整体呈现先增加后逐渐减小的趋势,高峰期出现在水稻分蘖中后期;一天中稻田蒸散逐时动态变化总体遵循"早晚低、中午高"的倒"U"单峰型变化规律,天气条件和生长期不同时也会产生一定的差异;通径分析与敏感性分析表明,净辐射、相对湿度等气象因子具有较高的总贡献系数和敏感性系数,是影响该区稻田蒸散的主要气象因素;其次为最高气温、最低气温、平均温度3个温度因子,而风速对蒸散的影响作用较小;蒸散量变化与气象因子间的关系存在时间尺度差异,相比于逐时尺度,逐日尺度上各气象因子对实际蒸散量的影响效果更为明显。
In this study,we used the data of field meteorological observation of late rice in low hilly red soil region and analyzed the distribution characteristics with typical diurnal and monthly variation of the actual evapotranspiration of rice field at different growth stages. At the same time,the influences of meteorological factors on the actual evapotranspiration were studied by using the path analysis method and Beven's sensitivity formula. The results indicated that the actual value of evapotranspiration during the whole growth period was 290. 61 mm and the measured evapotranspiration value was the largest at transplanting-tillering stage,which was 96.91 mm,accounting for 33. 3% of the whole growth period. The evapotranspiration of paddy field in the whole growth period showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease gradually. The peak appeared in the later stage of rice tillering. The change of rice field evapotranspiration in one day showed the low intensity in the morning and evening but high at the noon,which just liked a ‘reverse'U. Weather conditions and the duration of growth period also had some influences on evapotranspiration. Path analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that net radiation and relative humidity had higher total contribution coefficient and sensitivity coefficient,which means these two factors were the main meteorological factors that affected the evapotranspiration of paddy field. The three temperature factors( the highest temperature,lowest temperature,average temperature) were in the next place,and the wind speed's effects on evapotranspiration were little. There was a significant time scale difference for the relationship between evapotranspiration and meteorological factors.The effect of each meteorological factor on the actual evapotranspiration was more significant at daily scale than at hourly scale.
In this study,we used the data of field meteorological observation of late rice in low hilly red soil region and analyzed the distribution characteristics with typical diurnal and monthly variation of the actual evapotranspiration of rice field at different growth stages. At the same time,the influences of meteorological factors on the actual evapotranspiration were studied by using the path analysis method and Beven's sensitivity formula. The results indicated that the actual value of evapotranspiration during the whole growth period was 290. 61 mm and the measured evapotranspiration value was the largest at transplanting-tillering stage,which was 96.91 mm,accounting for 33. 3% of the whole growth period. The evapotranspiration of paddy field in the whole growth period showed a tendency to increase first and then decrease gradually. The peak appeared in the later stage of rice tillering. The change of rice field evapotranspiration in one day showed the low intensity in the morning and evening but high at the noon,which just liked a ‘reverse'U. Weather conditions and the duration of growth period also had some influences on evapotranspiration. Path analysis and sensitivity analysis showed that net radiation and relative humidity had higher total contribution coefficient and sensitivity coefficient,which means these two factors were the main meteorological factors that affected the evapotranspiration of paddy field. The three temperature factors( the highest temperature,lowest temperature,average temperature) were in the next place,and the wind speed's effects on evapotranspiration were little. There was a significant time scale difference for the relationship between evapotranspiration and meteorological factors.The effect of each meteorological factor on the actual evapotranspiration was more significant at daily scale than at hourly scale.
引文
曾丽红,宋开山,张柏,等.2010.2000年至2008年松嫩平原生长季蒸散量时空格局及影响因素分析.资源科学,32(12):2305-2315.
程新意,李绍疆.1990.通径分析的数学模型.大学数学,(4):99-105.
戴平,李涵茂,方丽,等.2015.双季晚稻农田蒸散量估算研究.江西农业学报,27(11):73-76.
杜家菊,陈志伟.2010.使用SPSS线性回归实现通径分析的方法.生物学通报,45(2):4-6.
杜鹃.2012.通径分析在Excel和SPSS中的实现.陕西气象,(1):15-18.
范文波,吴普特,韩志全,等.2012.玛纳斯河流域ET0影响因子分析及对Hargreaves法的修正.农业工程学报,28(8):19-24.
冯禹,崔宁博,龚道枝.2016.机器学习算法和Hargreaves模型在四川盆地ET0计算中的比较.中国农业气象,37(4):415-421.
冯禹,崔宁博,魏新平,等.2014.川中丘陵区参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征与成因分析.农业工程学报,30(14):78-86,339.
高磊,申双和,邵立瑛,等.2016.水稻蒸散特征及日尺度作物系数估算.中国农业气象,37(2):158-165.
花圣卓,蔡昕,余新晓.2016.平坦下垫面植被蒸散特征及对气象因素的响应研究.水土保持学报,30(3):344-350,354.
贾红.2008.稻田双源蒸散模型研究(硕士学位论文).南京:南京信息工程大学.
贾志军,韩琳,王鸽,等.2014.三江平原典型下垫面FAO Penman-Monteith模型适用性分析.应用生态学报,25(5):1327-1334.
景梽淏,景元书,贾秋洪.2016.低丘红壤区旱田水热通量特征及其气象影响因素.中国农村水利水电,(1):44-50.
雷志栋,罗毅,杨诗秀,等.1999.利用常规气象资料模拟计算作物系数的探讨.农业工程学报,15(3):119-122.
刘斌.2015.南京地区稻田水热通量监测与模拟(硕士学位论文).南京:南京信息工程大学.
刘小莽,郑红星,刘昌明,等.2009.海河流域潜在蒸散发的气候敏感性分析.资源科学,31(9):1470-1476.
刘笑吟,王冠依,杨士红,等.2016.不同时间尺度节水灌溉水稻腾发量特征与影响因素分析.农业机械学报,47(8):91-100,170.
刘钰,Pereira LS.2000.对FAO推荐的作物系数计算方法的验证.农业工程学报,16(5):26-30.
马宁,王乃昂,王鹏龙,等.2012.黑河流域参考蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素的定量分析.自然资源学报,27(6):975-989.
彭世彰,丁加丽,茆智,等.2007.用FAO-56作物系数法推求控制灌溉条件下晚稻作物系数及验证.农业工程学报,23(7):30-34.
宋小园,朱仲元,刘艳伟,等.2016.通径分析在SPSS逐步线性回归中的实现.干旱区研究,33(1):108-113.
汪精海,齐广平,康燕霞,等.2017.黑河流域潜在蒸散及其影响因素的不确定性分析.生态学杂志,36(1):172-180.
王笑影,梁文举,闻大中.2005.北方稻田蒸散需水分析及其作物系数确定.应用生态学报,16(1):69-72.
魏新光,陈滇豫,汪星,等.2014.山地枣林蒸腾主要影响因子的时间尺度效应.农业工程学报,30(17):149-156.
吴荣军,邢晓勇.2016.不同植被条件下实际蒸散的变化特征及其影响因子---以淮河流域为例.应用生态学报,27(6):1727-1736.
杨桂元,王军.2003.对预测模型误差的分析---相对误差与绝对误差.统计与信息论坛,18(4):21-24.
杨林山,李常斌,王帅兵,等.2014.洮河流域潜在蒸散发的气候敏感性分析.农业工程学报,30(11):102-109.
Gong L,Xu C,Chen D,et al.2006.Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to key climatic variables in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)basin.Journal of Hydrology,329:620-629.
Hu S,Zhao C,Li J,et al.2014.Discussion and reassessment of the method used for accepting or rejecting data observed by a Bowen ratio system.Hydrological Processes,28:4506-4510.
Liu SY,Wang YK,Wei XD,et al.2013.Measured and estimated evapotranspiration of jujube(Ziziphus jujuba)forests in the Loess Plateau,China.International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,15:811-819.
Liu X,Zheng H,Zhang M,et al.2011.Identification of dominant climate factor for pan evaporation trend in the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geographical Sciences,21:594-608.
Webb EK,Pearman GI,Leuning R.1980.Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer.Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,106:85-100.
Yang Y,Cui Y,Luo Y,et al.2016.Short-term forecasting of daily reference evapotranspiration using the PenmanMonteith model and public weather forecasts.Agricultural Water Management,177:329-339.
程新意,李绍疆.1990.通径分析的数学模型.大学数学,(4):99-105.
戴平,李涵茂,方丽,等.2015.双季晚稻农田蒸散量估算研究.江西农业学报,27(11):73-76.
杜家菊,陈志伟.2010.使用SPSS线性回归实现通径分析的方法.生物学通报,45(2):4-6.
杜鹃.2012.通径分析在Excel和SPSS中的实现.陕西气象,(1):15-18.
范文波,吴普特,韩志全,等.2012.玛纳斯河流域ET0影响因子分析及对Hargreaves法的修正.农业工程学报,28(8):19-24.
冯禹,崔宁博,龚道枝.2016.机器学习算法和Hargreaves模型在四川盆地ET0计算中的比较.中国农业气象,37(4):415-421.
冯禹,崔宁博,魏新平,等.2014.川中丘陵区参考作物蒸散量时空变化特征与成因分析.农业工程学报,30(14):78-86,339.
高磊,申双和,邵立瑛,等.2016.水稻蒸散特征及日尺度作物系数估算.中国农业气象,37(2):158-165.
花圣卓,蔡昕,余新晓.2016.平坦下垫面植被蒸散特征及对气象因素的响应研究.水土保持学报,30(3):344-350,354.
贾红.2008.稻田双源蒸散模型研究(硕士学位论文).南京:南京信息工程大学.
贾志军,韩琳,王鸽,等.2014.三江平原典型下垫面FAO Penman-Monteith模型适用性分析.应用生态学报,25(5):1327-1334.
景梽淏,景元书,贾秋洪.2016.低丘红壤区旱田水热通量特征及其气象影响因素.中国农村水利水电,(1):44-50.
雷志栋,罗毅,杨诗秀,等.1999.利用常规气象资料模拟计算作物系数的探讨.农业工程学报,15(3):119-122.
刘斌.2015.南京地区稻田水热通量监测与模拟(硕士学位论文).南京:南京信息工程大学.
刘小莽,郑红星,刘昌明,等.2009.海河流域潜在蒸散发的气候敏感性分析.资源科学,31(9):1470-1476.
刘笑吟,王冠依,杨士红,等.2016.不同时间尺度节水灌溉水稻腾发量特征与影响因素分析.农业机械学报,47(8):91-100,170.
刘钰,Pereira LS.2000.对FAO推荐的作物系数计算方法的验证.农业工程学报,16(5):26-30.
马宁,王乃昂,王鹏龙,等.2012.黑河流域参考蒸散量的时空变化特征及影响因素的定量分析.自然资源学报,27(6):975-989.
彭世彰,丁加丽,茆智,等.2007.用FAO-56作物系数法推求控制灌溉条件下晚稻作物系数及验证.农业工程学报,23(7):30-34.
宋小园,朱仲元,刘艳伟,等.2016.通径分析在SPSS逐步线性回归中的实现.干旱区研究,33(1):108-113.
汪精海,齐广平,康燕霞,等.2017.黑河流域潜在蒸散及其影响因素的不确定性分析.生态学杂志,36(1):172-180.
王笑影,梁文举,闻大中.2005.北方稻田蒸散需水分析及其作物系数确定.应用生态学报,16(1):69-72.
魏新光,陈滇豫,汪星,等.2014.山地枣林蒸腾主要影响因子的时间尺度效应.农业工程学报,30(17):149-156.
吴荣军,邢晓勇.2016.不同植被条件下实际蒸散的变化特征及其影响因子---以淮河流域为例.应用生态学报,27(6):1727-1736.
杨桂元,王军.2003.对预测模型误差的分析---相对误差与绝对误差.统计与信息论坛,18(4):21-24.
杨林山,李常斌,王帅兵,等.2014.洮河流域潜在蒸散发的气候敏感性分析.农业工程学报,30(11):102-109.
Gong L,Xu C,Chen D,et al.2006.Sensitivity of the Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration to key climatic variables in the Changjiang(Yangtze River)basin.Journal of Hydrology,329:620-629.
Hu S,Zhao C,Li J,et al.2014.Discussion and reassessment of the method used for accepting or rejecting data observed by a Bowen ratio system.Hydrological Processes,28:4506-4510.
Liu SY,Wang YK,Wei XD,et al.2013.Measured and estimated evapotranspiration of jujube(Ziziphus jujuba)forests in the Loess Plateau,China.International Journal of Agriculture&Biology,15:811-819.
Liu X,Zheng H,Zhang M,et al.2011.Identification of dominant climate factor for pan evaporation trend in the Tibetan Plateau.Journal of Geographical Sciences,21:594-608.
Webb EK,Pearman GI,Leuning R.1980.Correction of flux measurements for density effects due to heat and water vapour transfer.Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,106:85-100.
Yang Y,Cui Y,Luo Y,et al.2016.Short-term forecasting of daily reference evapotranspiration using the PenmanMonteith model and public weather forecasts.Agricultural Water Management,177:329-339.