黑曲霉和乳酸芽孢杆菌两段青贮对甘蔗尾叶营养价值的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨黑曲霉和乳酸芽孢杆菌两段青贮对甘蔗尾叶营养价值的影响,为甘蔗尾叶有效利用和青贮饲料研究提供参考依据。【方法】以新鲜甘蔗尾叶为原料,分有氧发酵和无氧青贮两段进行,试验设对照组、试验I组、试验II组和试验III组。有氧发酵阶段,对照组、试验I组、试验II组和试验III组每千克新鲜甘蔗尾叶分别喷洒100 mL无菌水、10 mL黑曲霉菌液(8.75×107CFU/mL,下同)+90 mL无菌水、20 mL黑曲霉菌液+80 mL无菌水、30 mL黑曲霉菌液+70 mL无菌水,在无菌室室温下有氧发酵48 h;厌氧发酵阶段,对照组每千克样品喷洒100 mL无菌水,3个试验组每千克样品均喷洒10 m L乳酸芽孢杆菌菌液(1.1×108CFU/mL)+90 mL无菌水,混匀后罐装密封,室温青贮45 d后取样分析其常规营养成分、康奈尔净碳水化合物—蛋白质体系(CNCPS)营养指标、蛋白组分及碳水化合物组分。【结果】试验I组和试验III组粗蛋白(CP)水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05,下同);3个试验组的木质素(Lignin)含量均显著低于对照组;淀粉(Starch)含量以试验III组最高,显著高于对照组和试验I组。试验组CNCPS碳水化合物组分较对照组均有所改善,尤其是试验III组效果最明显,试验III组的总碳水化合物(CHO)、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)、快速降解碳水化合物(CA)、中速降解碳水化合物(CB1)和缓慢降解碳水化合物(CB2)水平最高,均显著高于对照组、试验I组和试验II组;非蛋白氮(PA)和中速降解蛋白(PB2)在对照组与试验组间差异显著,各试验组的快速降解真蛋白(PB1)和慢速降解真蛋白(PB3)含量高于对照组,不可利用蛋白(PC)显著低于对照组,黑曲霉和乳酸芽孢杆菌两段青贮可提高甘蔗尾叶CNCPS蛋白品质。【结论】综合考虑青贮甘蔗尾叶CNCPS碳水化合物组分及蛋白组分,以试验III组(2.625×106CFU/g黑曲霉+1.1×106CFU/g乳酸芽孢杆菌两段青贮)对改善甘蔗尾叶营养价值效果最佳。
【Objective】The aim was to explore the influence of two-stage silage while adding Aspergillus niger and lactic acid bacillus inoculants on the nutrient values of sugarcane tops silage and provide reference for effective utilization of sugarcane tops and silage research.【Method】The test took the fresh sugarcane tops as materialand set aerobic fermentation and anaerobic silage. Control group,test group I,test groupII and test group III were set. At the first stage,for each kilogram fresh weight of sugarcane tops,the control group adding sterile water at dose of 100 m L/kg;Group I adding sterile water at dose of 90 mL and A. niger at dose of 10 mL(8.75×107 CFU/mL,the same below);Group IIadding sterile water at dose of 80 mL and A. niger at dose of 20 m L;Group III adding sterile water at dose of 70 mL and A. niger at dose of30 mL,indoor temperature,aerobic fermentation for 48 h. At the second stage,for each kilogram fresh weight of sugarcane tops,the control group adding sterile water at dose of 100 mL. The test groups adding lactic acid bacillus inoculant at dose of 10 mL(1.1×108 CFU/mL)and sterile water at dose of 90 mL to ensile,respectively. The cornell net carbohydrate and protein systems(CNCPS)was used to evaluate nutrient values of sugarcane tops silage after ensiling 45 d in canned sealed silage at indoor temperature.【Result】Crude protein(CP)of the test group I and test group III was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05,the same below). The lignin content of three test groups was significantly lower than the control group. The starch content of the group III was significantly higher than the control group and group I,which was the highest in the four groups. The CNCPS carbohydrate of the test groups could be improved compared with control group,especially group III. Total carbohydrate(CHO),non-structural carbohydrates(NSC),rapidly degraded carbohydrate(CA),intermediately degraded carbohydrate(CB1)and slowly degraded carbohydrate(CB2)of group III were the highest,significantly higher than the control group,test group I and test group II. There was significant difference in nonprotein nitrogen(PA)and intermediately degraded protein(PB2)between control group and test groups. Rapidly degraded protein(PB1)and slowly degraded protein(PB3)of test groups were higher than control group,but unusable protein(PC)was significantly lower than control group. A. niger and lactic acid bacillus two-stage silage could improve CNCPS protein quality if sugarcane tops.【Conclution】According to the CNCPS carbohydrate fractionations and protein fractionations in sugarcane tops,the effects of test group III(2.625×106 CFU/g A. niger +1.1×106 CFU/g lactic acid bacillus two-stage silage)on improving sugarcane tops nutrient value is the best.
【Objective】The aim was to explore the influence of two-stage silage while adding Aspergillus niger and lactic acid bacillus inoculants on the nutrient values of sugarcane tops silage and provide reference for effective utilization of sugarcane tops and silage research.【Method】The test took the fresh sugarcane tops as materialand set aerobic fermentation and anaerobic silage. Control group,test group I,test groupII and test group III were set. At the first stage,for each kilogram fresh weight of sugarcane tops,the control group adding sterile water at dose of 100 m L/kg;Group I adding sterile water at dose of 90 mL and A. niger at dose of 10 mL(8.75×107 CFU/mL,the same below);Group IIadding sterile water at dose of 80 mL and A. niger at dose of 20 m L;Group III adding sterile water at dose of 70 mL and A. niger at dose of30 mL,indoor temperature,aerobic fermentation for 48 h. At the second stage,for each kilogram fresh weight of sugarcane tops,the control group adding sterile water at dose of 100 mL. The test groups adding lactic acid bacillus inoculant at dose of 10 mL(1.1×108 CFU/mL)and sterile water at dose of 90 mL to ensile,respectively. The cornell net carbohydrate and protein systems(CNCPS)was used to evaluate nutrient values of sugarcane tops silage after ensiling 45 d in canned sealed silage at indoor temperature.【Result】Crude protein(CP)of the test group I and test group III was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05,the same below). The lignin content of three test groups was significantly lower than the control group. The starch content of the group III was significantly higher than the control group and group I,which was the highest in the four groups. The CNCPS carbohydrate of the test groups could be improved compared with control group,especially group III. Total carbohydrate(CHO),non-structural carbohydrates(NSC),rapidly degraded carbohydrate(CA),intermediately degraded carbohydrate(CB1)and slowly degraded carbohydrate(CB2)of group III were the highest,significantly higher than the control group,test group I and test group II. There was significant difference in nonprotein nitrogen(PA)and intermediately degraded protein(PB2)between control group and test groups. Rapidly degraded protein(PB1)and slowly degraded protein(PB3)of test groups were higher than control group,but unusable protein(PC)was significantly lower than control group. A. niger and lactic acid bacillus two-stage silage could improve CNCPS protein quality if sugarcane tops.【Conclution】According to the CNCPS carbohydrate fractionations and protein fractionations in sugarcane tops,the effects of test group III(2.625×106 CFU/g A. niger +1.1×106 CFU/g lactic acid bacillus two-stage silage)on improving sugarcane tops nutrient value is the best.
引文
赖玉娇,罗海玲,王朕朕,卢晓楠,曲扬华,高维敏,刘昆,玉柱.2014.添加不同乳酸菌剂对紫花苜蓿青贮营养价值的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,41(8):111-116.[Lai Y J,Luo H L,Wang Z Z,Lu X N,Qu Y H,Gao W M,Liu K,Yu Z.2014.Effect of adding different lactic acid bacteria inoculants on nutrient values of Alfalfa silage[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,41(8):111-116.]
李威,高民,卢德勋,刘敏,张兴夫,樊金福.2008.CNCPS与NRC在反刍动物方面的分析比较及其研究进展[J].饲料工业,29(13):45-48.[Li W,Gao M,Lu D X,Liu M,Zhang X F,Fan J F.2008.Analysis and comparison of CNCPS with NRC and research progress of CNCPS in ruminants[J].Feed Industry,29(13):45-48.]
穆胜龙,杨冉冉,周波,任凤芸,梁明振,杜学振,邹彩霞,何仁春.2018.植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌对甘蔗尾青贮品质的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,45(5):1226-1233.[Mu S L,Yang R R,Zhou B,Ren F Y,Liang M Z,Du X Z,Zou CX,He R C.2018.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri on the quality of sugarcane tops silage[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,45(5):1226-1233.]
王定发,李梦楚,周璐丽,周雄,周汉林,候冠彧.2015.不同青贮处理方式对甘蔗尾叶饲用品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,36(9):51-56.[Wang D F,Li M C,Zhou L L,Zhou X,Zhou H L,Hou G Y.2015.Effects of different silaging methods on forage quality of sugarcane leaves[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,36(9):51-56.]
杨凤.2000.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Yang F.2000.Animal Nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
张宁,张永根,李欣新,王亮.2013.添加2种乳酸菌制剂对水稻秸青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,49(5):72-75.[Zhang N,Zhang Y G,Li X X,Wang L.2013.Effects of 2 kinds of lactic acid on the quality and aerobic stability of rice straw silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,49(5):72-75.]
张熙,韩双艳.2016.黑曲霉发酵产酶研究进展[J].化学与生物工程,33(1):13-16.[Zhang X,Han S Y.2016.Research progress on fermentation production of enzyme by Aspergillus niger[J].Chemistry&Bioengineering,33(1):13-16.]
庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.2009.生物添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,31(1):70-75.[Zhuang Y F,Ataku K Z,Zhang W C.2009.Effects of biological additive on fermentation quality of Alfalfa siages[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,31(1):70-75.]
Anil L,Park J,Phipps R H.2000.The potential of foragemaize intercrops in ruminant nutrition[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,86:157-164.AOAC.1990.Official Methods of Analysis[M].The 15th Edition.Washington:Association of Official Analytical Chemist Inc:69-88.
Carvalho B F,ávila C L S.,Pinto J C,Pereira M N,Schwan R F.2012.Effects of propionic acid and Lactobacillus buchneri(UFLA SIL 72)addition on fermentative and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silage treated with and without calcium oxide[J].Grass&Forage Science,67(4):462-471.
Chizzotti F H M,Pereira O G,Valadares Filho S C,Chizzotti M L,Rodrigues R T S,Tedeschi L O,Silva T C.2015.Does sugar cane ensiled with calcium oxide affect intake,digestibility,performance,and microbial efficiency in beef cattle[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,203:23-32.
Daniel J L P,Checolli M,Zwielehner J,Junges D,Fernandes J,Nussio L G.2015.The effects of Lactobacillus kefiri and L.brevis on the fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,205:69-74.
dos Santos W C C,do Nascimento W G,Magalh?es A L R,Silva D K A,Silva W J C S,Santana Soares.2015.Nutritive value,total losses of dry matter and aerobic stability of the silage from three varieties of sugarcane treated with commercial microbial additives[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,204:1-8.
Krishnamoorthy U,Sniffen C J,Stern M D,van Soest P J.1983.Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,50:555-565.
Kuivanen J,Penttil?M,Richard P.2015.Metabolic engineering of the fungal D-galacturonate pathway for L-ascorbic acid production[J].Microbial Cell Factories,14(1):2-3.
Olivcira-Borgatti L M,Pavan-Neto J,Tobias-Marino C,Marques-Meyer P,Mazza-Rodrigucs P H.2015.Fraction of dry matter losses of sugarcane silage treated with alkalis or urea[J].Agrociencia,49(4):411-422.
Pedroso A F,Nussio L G,Loures D R S,Paziani S F,Ribeiro J L,Mari L J,Zopollatto M,Schmidt P,Mattos W R S,Horii J.2008.Fermentation,losses,and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives[J].Scientia Agricola,65:589-594.
Sniffen C J,O'Connor J D,Van Soest P J,Fox D G,Russell JB.1992.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets.Ⅱ:Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,70:3562-3577.
van Soest P J,Sniffen C J,Mertens D R.1981.A net protein system for cattle:The rumen submodel for nitrogen[C]//Owens F N.Protein Requirements for Cattle:Proceedings of an International Symposium.Stillwater:Oklahoma State University:265.
李威,高民,卢德勋,刘敏,张兴夫,樊金福.2008.CNCPS与NRC在反刍动物方面的分析比较及其研究进展[J].饲料工业,29(13):45-48.[Li W,Gao M,Lu D X,Liu M,Zhang X F,Fan J F.2008.Analysis and comparison of CNCPS with NRC and research progress of CNCPS in ruminants[J].Feed Industry,29(13):45-48.]
穆胜龙,杨冉冉,周波,任凤芸,梁明振,杜学振,邹彩霞,何仁春.2018.植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌对甘蔗尾青贮品质的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,45(5):1226-1233.[Mu S L,Yang R R,Zhou B,Ren F Y,Liang M Z,Du X Z,Zou CX,He R C.2018.Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri on the quality of sugarcane tops silage[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,45(5):1226-1233.]
王定发,李梦楚,周璐丽,周雄,周汉林,候冠彧.2015.不同青贮处理方式对甘蔗尾叶饲用品质的影响[J].家畜生态学报,36(9):51-56.[Wang D F,Li M C,Zhou L L,Zhou X,Zhou H L,Hou G Y.2015.Effects of different silaging methods on forage quality of sugarcane leaves[J].Acta Ecologiae Animalis Domastici,36(9):51-56.]
杨凤.2000.动物营养学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.[Yang F.2000.Animal Nutrition[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press.]
张宁,张永根,李欣新,王亮.2013.添加2种乳酸菌制剂对水稻秸青贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,49(5):72-75.[Zhang N,Zhang Y G,Li X X,Wang L.2013.Effects of 2 kinds of lactic acid on the quality and aerobic stability of rice straw silage[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,49(5):72-75.]
张熙,韩双艳.2016.黑曲霉发酵产酶研究进展[J].化学与生物工程,33(1):13-16.[Zhang X,Han S Y.2016.Research progress on fermentation production of enzyme by Aspergillus niger[J].Chemistry&Bioengineering,33(1):13-16.]
庄益芬,安宅一夫,张文昌.2009.生物添加剂对苜蓿青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,31(1):70-75.[Zhuang Y F,Ataku K Z,Zhang W C.2009.Effects of biological additive on fermentation quality of Alfalfa siages[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,31(1):70-75.]
Anil L,Park J,Phipps R H.2000.The potential of foragemaize intercrops in ruminant nutrition[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,86:157-164.AOAC.1990.Official Methods of Analysis[M].The 15th Edition.Washington:Association of Official Analytical Chemist Inc:69-88.
Carvalho B F,ávila C L S.,Pinto J C,Pereira M N,Schwan R F.2012.Effects of propionic acid and Lactobacillus buchneri(UFLA SIL 72)addition on fermentative and microbiological characteristics of sugar cane silage treated with and without calcium oxide[J].Grass&Forage Science,67(4):462-471.
Chizzotti F H M,Pereira O G,Valadares Filho S C,Chizzotti M L,Rodrigues R T S,Tedeschi L O,Silva T C.2015.Does sugar cane ensiled with calcium oxide affect intake,digestibility,performance,and microbial efficiency in beef cattle[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,203:23-32.
Daniel J L P,Checolli M,Zwielehner J,Junges D,Fernandes J,Nussio L G.2015.The effects of Lactobacillus kefiri and L.brevis on the fermentation and aerobic stability of sugarcane silage[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,205:69-74.
dos Santos W C C,do Nascimento W G,Magalh?es A L R,Silva D K A,Silva W J C S,Santana Soares.2015.Nutritive value,total losses of dry matter and aerobic stability of the silage from three varieties of sugarcane treated with commercial microbial additives[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,204:1-8.
Krishnamoorthy U,Sniffen C J,Stern M D,van Soest P J.1983.Evaluation of a mathematical model of rumen digestion and an in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen-undegraded nitrogen content of feedstuffs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,50:555-565.
Kuivanen J,Penttil?M,Richard P.2015.Metabolic engineering of the fungal D-galacturonate pathway for L-ascorbic acid production[J].Microbial Cell Factories,14(1):2-3.
Olivcira-Borgatti L M,Pavan-Neto J,Tobias-Marino C,Marques-Meyer P,Mazza-Rodrigucs P H.2015.Fraction of dry matter losses of sugarcane silage treated with alkalis or urea[J].Agrociencia,49(4):411-422.
Pedroso A F,Nussio L G,Loures D R S,Paziani S F,Ribeiro J L,Mari L J,Zopollatto M,Schmidt P,Mattos W R S,Horii J.2008.Fermentation,losses,and aerobic stability of sugarcane silages treated with chemical or bacterial additives[J].Scientia Agricola,65:589-594.
Sniffen C J,O'Connor J D,Van Soest P J,Fox D G,Russell JB.1992.A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets.Ⅱ:Carbohydrate and protein availability[J].Journal of Animal Science,70:3562-3577.
van Soest P J,Sniffen C J,Mertens D R.1981.A net protein system for cattle:The rumen submodel for nitrogen[C]//Owens F N.Protein Requirements for Cattle:Proceedings of an International Symposium.Stillwater:Oklahoma State University:265.