商业健身房(馆)空气质量调查分析
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摘要
目的为了解商业健身房(馆)的室内空气质量,对10家商业健身房(馆)空气质量进行检测,分析影响因素,为改善健身房(馆)室内环境空气质量提供依据。方法依据国家《室内空气监测技术》中体育馆及健身房室内环境标准,2015年8—9月对某市10家商业健身房(馆)各功能区的温度、相对湿度、风速、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化碳(CO_2)、可吸入颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、甲醛和细菌总数8项空气质量指标进行检测分析。结果和开馆前相比,开馆运动1 h后所有商业健身房(馆)各功能区温度、相对湿度、风速、CO_2浓度、甲醛质量浓度、PM_(2.5)、细菌总数均显著升高,且各功能区温度、相对湿度、风速、CO_2浓度、甲醛质量浓度均高出国家规定标准;PM_(2.5)除按摩室、浴室外,其它功能区均超出国家规定标准;细菌总数除健身操和形体舞蹈练习区超过国家规定标准外,其余均符合国家规定标准。CO浓度开馆运动1 h后略有升高,但符合国家规定标准。结论大量人群健身,加之通风设施不完善,使健身房(馆)内空气质量下降,建议健身房(馆)应使用符合国家卫生标准的装修材料和健身器材,安装良好通风设施,制定完善的场内管理制度;管理部门应加大对商业健身房(馆)的管理力度,确保健身房(馆)空气质量符合国家标准。
Objectives In order to understand indoor air quality in commercial gymnasium,the air quality of10 commercial gymnasiums was tested and the factors influencing the air quality were analysed to provide a theoretical basis for improving air quality and guiding the indoor environment of public gymnasium for scientic bodybuilding. Methods According to the national standard for indoor environment of gymnasium in ‘the indoor air monitoring technology',eight air quality indexes( temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,PM_(2.5),the concentrations of CO,CO_2 and formaldehyde as well as total bacteria counts) in all functional area of 10 commercial gymnasiums were tested from August to September,2015. Results Compared with the tested value before starting business,the temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,CO_2 and formaldehyde concentration,PM_(2.5),and total bacteria counts in all functional area of 10 commercial gymnasiums were increased significantly after one hour of exercise activities,and the temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,CO_2 and formaldehyde concentrations were higher than those of the national standard limits; PM_(2.5)in all functional areas except in massage and bath rooms were higher than those of the national standard limits; total bacteria counts in all functional areas were in line with the national standard except for aerobics and dancing area; and the concentration of CO increased slightly at one hour after starting business,but they were in line with the national standard. Conclusions While a large number of people doing exercise in gymnasium,imperfect ventilation system would make the air quality decreased.Decoration material and body-building equipment used in commercial gymnasium should be in line with their national standard. Installing perfect ventilation system and formulating perfect management system in each gymnasium were suggested. The management for commercial gymnasium should be strengthened to ensure higher air quality.
Objectives In order to understand indoor air quality in commercial gymnasium,the air quality of10 commercial gymnasiums was tested and the factors influencing the air quality were analysed to provide a theoretical basis for improving air quality and guiding the indoor environment of public gymnasium for scientic bodybuilding. Methods According to the national standard for indoor environment of gymnasium in ‘the indoor air monitoring technology',eight air quality indexes( temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,PM_(2.5),the concentrations of CO,CO_2 and formaldehyde as well as total bacteria counts) in all functional area of 10 commercial gymnasiums were tested from August to September,2015. Results Compared with the tested value before starting business,the temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,CO_2 and formaldehyde concentration,PM_(2.5),and total bacteria counts in all functional area of 10 commercial gymnasiums were increased significantly after one hour of exercise activities,and the temperature,relative humidity,wind speed,CO_2 and formaldehyde concentrations were higher than those of the national standard limits; PM_(2.5)in all functional areas except in massage and bath rooms were higher than those of the national standard limits; total bacteria counts in all functional areas were in line with the national standard except for aerobics and dancing area; and the concentration of CO increased slightly at one hour after starting business,but they were in line with the national standard. Conclusions While a large number of people doing exercise in gymnasium,imperfect ventilation system would make the air quality decreased.Decoration material and body-building equipment used in commercial gymnasium should be in line with their national standard. Installing perfect ventilation system and formulating perfect management system in each gymnasium were suggested. The management for commercial gymnasium should be strengthened to ensure higher air quality.
引文
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[15]Daigle CC,Chalupa DC,Gibb FR,et al.Ultrafine particledeposition in humans during rest and exercise[J].Inhal Toxicol,2003,15(6):539-552.
[16]Oravisjarvi K,Pietikinen M,Ruuskanen J,et al.Effects ofphysical activityon the deposition of trafficrelated particlesinto the human lungs in silico[J].Sci Total Environ,2011,409(21):4511-4518.
[17]陈金鳌,周祖宝,陆阿明.体育健身场(馆)室内空气质量现状调查研究[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(2):140-144.
[18]陆大江,沈逸蕾.健身房运动环境的研究与分析[J].体育与科学,2012,33(3):9-17.
[19]Lyapina M,Zhelezova G,Petrova E,et al.Flowcytometric determination of neutrophil respiratory burstactivity in workers exposed to formaldehyde[J].Int Arch Occup Environ Health,2004,77(5):335-340.
[2]韦秀丽.室内空气污染对人体健康影响与防护对策[J].云南环境科学,2005,24(S1):175-177.
[3]王玉昕,林文弢,翁锡全.室内外空气污染与健身环境[J].广州体育学院学报,2000,20(2):70-73.
[4]丁向东,宛钟娜.气象、气候环境对体育运动的影响[J].体育成人教育学刊,2006,22(6):49-50.
[5]国家技术监督局.GB 9663-1996[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[6]Nagashima K.Central mechanisms for thermoregulation in a hot environment[J].Ind Health,2006,44(3):359-367.
[7]Hasegawa H,Meeusen R,Takatsu S,et al.Exercise performance in the heat:possible brain mechanism and thermoregulatory strategies[J].Adv Exerc Sports Physiol,2008,13(4):81-92.
[8]王生军.郑州市社区健身场所公共卫生状况的调查与对策[J].北京体育大学学报,2006,29(2):166-167.
[9]王跃.室内健身场所空气质量及路径健身器械生物性污染的调查与研究[J].中国体育科技,2004,40(5):35-37.
[10]邓树勋,王健,乔德才.运动生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2005:409.
[11]李裕和,林文弢,邓树勋.室内空气污染对运动时人体机能的影响[J].广州体育学院学报,1997,17(4):20-26,7.
[12]李裕和,王玉昕,林文弢,等.场馆空气污染对力竭运动时血皮质醇等生理、生化指标及恢复期血乳酸、心率的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志,1996,15(4):314.
[13]Venkataraman C,Kao AS.Comparison of particle lung doses from the fine and coarse fractions of urban PM10Aerosols[J].Inhal Toxicol,1999,11(2):151-169.
[14]Turcotte RA,Perrault H,Marcotte JE,et al.A test for themeasurement of pulmonary diffusion capacity during high intensity exercise[J].J Sports Sci,1992,10(3):229-235.
[15]Daigle CC,Chalupa DC,Gibb FR,et al.Ultrafine particledeposition in humans during rest and exercise[J].Inhal Toxicol,2003,15(6):539-552.
[16]Oravisjarvi K,Pietikinen M,Ruuskanen J,et al.Effects ofphysical activityon the deposition of trafficrelated particlesinto the human lungs in silico[J].Sci Total Environ,2011,409(21):4511-4518.
[17]陈金鳌,周祖宝,陆阿明.体育健身场(馆)室内空气质量现状调查研究[J].中国体育科技,2014,50(2):140-144.
[18]陆大江,沈逸蕾.健身房运动环境的研究与分析[J].体育与科学,2012,33(3):9-17.
[19]Lyapina M,Zhelezova G,Petrova E,et al.Flowcytometric determination of neutrophil respiratory burstactivity in workers exposed to formaldehyde[J].Int Arch Occup Environ Health,2004,77(5):335-340.