基于GIS的公路边坡地质灾害危险性评价
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摘要
针对丹巴县公路边坡地质灾害频发状况以及区域分布的特点,对丹巴公路边坡灾害进行了危险性分区研究。通过分析自然环境概况与公路地质灾害特征,选取坡度、岩土类型、降雨、河网密度、植被覆盖率和地震6个因素作为地质灾害危险性评价指标体系;采用影响因素叠加法构建危险性评价指数的数学模型,并运用云模型-层次分析法(CM-AHP法)计算各评价指标的权重;基于ENVI 5.2与ArcGIS 10.2软件计算生成《丹巴县公路边坡地质灾害危险指数图》,同时考虑公路工程特点,划分了II低危险区、III中度危险区、IV高危险区和V极高危险区4个等级16个灾害区,依据定量区划范围并结合定性分析的评价方法对丹巴县公路进行地质灾害危险性进行评价。研究结果表明,评价结果与公路边坡灾害实际情况吻合,可为四川省丹巴县公路边坡灾害的预防治理工作提供一种新的途径。
The risk regionalization of highway slope disasters was studied according to the situation of frequent geological disasters and the regional distribution characteristics of highway slope in Danba County.By analyzing the natural environment and highway geological hazard characteristics,the slope,rock and soil types,rainfall,river network density and vegetation coverage as the main factors were selected to build risk assessment index system.Based on the superposition method of the influencing factors,the mathematical model of the risk assessment index was established,and the weight of each evaluation index is calculated by using cloud model-analytic hierarchy process(CM-AHP method).Based on the software of ENVI5.2 and ArcGIS10.2,the hazard index map of " Danba county highway slope geological hazard" was plotted.In view of the hazard zoning index and the characteristics of highway engineering,the highway slope disasters in Danba county was divided into 4 grade16 disaster areas,such as the low risk area,medium dangerous area,high dangerous area,extremely high danger area.According to the evaluation method of quantitative regionalization range and qualitative analysis,the geological disasters risk assessment of highway in Danba county was carried out.The evaluation results coincide with the actual situation of highway slope disaster,which can provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of Danba County Highway slope disaster in Sichuan province.
The risk regionalization of highway slope disasters was studied according to the situation of frequent geological disasters and the regional distribution characteristics of highway slope in Danba County.By analyzing the natural environment and highway geological hazard characteristics,the slope,rock and soil types,rainfall,river network density and vegetation coverage as the main factors were selected to build risk assessment index system.Based on the superposition method of the influencing factors,the mathematical model of the risk assessment index was established,and the weight of each evaluation index is calculated by using cloud model-analytic hierarchy process(CM-AHP method).Based on the software of ENVI5.2 and ArcGIS10.2,the hazard index map of " Danba county highway slope geological hazard" was plotted.In view of the hazard zoning index and the characteristics of highway engineering,the highway slope disasters in Danba county was divided into 4 grade16 disaster areas,such as the low risk area,medium dangerous area,high dangerous area,extremely high danger area.According to the evaluation method of quantitative regionalization range and qualitative analysis,the geological disasters risk assessment of highway in Danba county was carried out.The evaluation results coincide with the actual situation of highway slope disaster,which can provide a new way for the prevention and treatment of Danba County Highway slope disaster in Sichuan province.
引文
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[8]张军,陈征宇,刘登峰.基于云模型的岩质边坡稳定性评估研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(6):44-50.ZHANG Jun,CHEN Zheng-yu,LIU Deng-feng.Stability evaluation of a rock slope based on the cloud model[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2014,41(6):44-50.
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[10]杨文东,杨栋,谢全敏.基于云模型的边坡风险评估方法及其应用[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2018,46(4):30-34.YANG Wen-dong,YANG Dong,XIE Quan-min.Study on slope risk assessment method based on cloud model and its application[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2018,46(4):30-34.
[2]贺中统.陕北黄土地区公路边坡灾害危险性分区研究[D].西安:长安大学,2014.HE Zhong-tong.Research on highway slop hazard regionalization in the north of Shaanxi province loess area[D].Xi′an:Chang′an University,2014.
[3]陶志刚,郝振立,袁小峰.南芬露天铁矿高陡边坡危险性区划研究[J].矿冶工程,2016,36(1):20-25.TAO Zhi-gang,HAO Zhen-li,YUAN Xiao-feng.Research on steep slope hazard zonation for Nanfen open pit iron mine[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2016,36(1):20-25.
[4]金凯平.高烈度山区地震触发崩塌滑坡危险性区划方法研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2018.JIN Kai-ping.Study of method of hazard zoning for earthquake triggered landslides and disaster alleviation of line selection in high intensity mountain area[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2018.
[5]张宝才,张伟,宫长亮.基于GIS和AHP的某露天铁矿边坡滑塌危险性区划[J].勘察科学技术,2017(3):40-44.ZHANG Bao-cai,ZHANG Wei,GONG Chang-liang.Slope collapse risk zoning of a open pit iron mine based on gis and ahp[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,2017(3):40-44.
[6]李环禹,陈朝晖,范文亮.区域降雨型滑坡风险分析统计模型研究[J].自然灾害学报,2018,27(4):103-111.LI Huan-yu,CHEN Zhao-hui,FAN Wen-liang.The statistical risk analysis model of rainfall-induced landslide in large areas[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2018,27(4):103-111.
[7]齐洪亮,尹超,田伟平,等.基于ArcGIS的中国公路地质灾害危险性区划[J].长安大学学报:自然科学版,2015,35(5):22-27.QI Hong-liang,YIN Chao,TIAN Wei-ping,et al.Risk regionalization of highway geo-hazards in China based arcGIS[J].Journal of Chang′an University:Natural Science Edition,2015,35(5):22-27.
[8]张军,陈征宇,刘登峰.基于云模型的岩质边坡稳定性评估研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2014,41(6):44-50.ZHANG Jun,CHEN Zheng-yu,LIU Deng-feng.Stability evaluation of a rock slope based on the cloud model[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology,2014,41(6):44-50.
[9]贾兴利,许金良.基于云模型的地震区公路震害风险评估[J].同济大学学报:自然科学版,2014,42(9):1352-1358.JIA Xing-li,XU Jin-liang.Cloud model-based seismic risk assessment of road in earthquake region[J].Journal of Tongji University:Natural Science,2014,42(9):1352-1358.
[10]杨文东,杨栋,谢全敏.基于云模型的边坡风险评估方法及其应用[J].华中科技大学学报:自然科学版,2018,46(4):30-34.YANG Wen-dong,YANG Dong,XIE Quan-min.Study on slope risk assessment method based on cloud model and its application[J].Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science Edition,2018,46(4):30-34.