广东优势群落甜槠林多样性研究
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摘要
采用每木调查法,对广东粤北石门台和粤中象头山地区甜槠(Castanopsis eyrie (Champ.) Tutch.)林样方内胸径≥1 cm的乔、灌木进行测量,记录其种名、胸径、高度和在样方中的坐标位置等指标,对群落的植物组成、区系成分、优势种及物种多样性进行分析。结果显示:石门台样地有维管植物112种,隶属36科54属;象头山样地有维管植物109种,隶属36科59属。两个群落均具有明显的热带向亚热带过渡的性质。其中,石门台样地与华东、华中地区联系紧密;象头山样地则与中国台湾、日本的岛屿联系更多。比较两个地区的群落特征发现,他们的相似性较高,物种多样性指数接近,纬度并不是决定群落植物多样性高低的因素,小环境、群落演替进程及人为因素对群落植物多样性的影响更大。
For trees with DBH ≥ 1 cm,we recorded species name,DBH,height,and location within Castanopsis eyrie( Champ.) Tutch. community plots in Shimentai Reserve in northern Guangdong and Xiangtoushan Reserve in central Guangdong. Plant composition,distribution pattern,dominant species,and species diversity of the communities were analyzed. Results showed that there were 112 species of vascular plants belonging to 36 families and 54 genera in the Shimentai plot,and 109 species of vascular plants belonging to 36 families and 59 genera in the Xiangtoushan plot. Both communities showed observable tropical to subtropical transition. The Shimentai plot was closely related to eastern and central China,whereas the Xiangtoushan plot had more connections to western Pacific islands,namely Taiwan and Japan.Comparative study of community characteristics in the two regions showed a high similarity at the community level and similar plant diversity indices. However, latitude was not the determining factor of plant diversity. Microenvironment,community succession processes,and human factors had greater influences on plant diversity of the local communities.
For trees with DBH ≥ 1 cm,we recorded species name,DBH,height,and location within Castanopsis eyrie( Champ.) Tutch. community plots in Shimentai Reserve in northern Guangdong and Xiangtoushan Reserve in central Guangdong. Plant composition,distribution pattern,dominant species,and species diversity of the communities were analyzed. Results showed that there were 112 species of vascular plants belonging to 36 families and 54 genera in the Shimentai plot,and 109 species of vascular plants belonging to 36 families and 59 genera in the Xiangtoushan plot. Both communities showed observable tropical to subtropical transition. The Shimentai plot was closely related to eastern and central China,whereas the Xiangtoushan plot had more connections to western Pacific islands,namely Taiwan and Japan.Comparative study of community characteristics in the two regions showed a high similarity at the community level and similar plant diversity indices. However, latitude was not the determining factor of plant diversity. Microenvironment,community succession processes,and human factors had greater influences on plant diversity of the local communities.
引文
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[7]黄川腾,庄雪影,姜斌,刘兆祥,李荣喜,张粤.广东象头山吊皮锥种群及其群落结构研究[J].广东林业科技,2010,26(1):71-76.Huang CT,Zhuang XY,Jiang B,Liu ZX,Li RX,Zhang Y.Population of Castanopsis kawakamii and its community on Xiangtoushan,Guangdong province[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science,2010,26(1):71-76.
[8] Cavender-Bares J,Ackerly DD,Hobbie SE,Townsend PA. Evolutionary legacy effects on ecosystems:biogeographic origins,plant traits,and implications for management in the era of global change[J]. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst,2016,47:433-462.
[9]刘杰,罗亚皇,李德铢,高连明.青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制:进展及展望[J].生物多样性,2017,25(2):163-174.Liu J,Luo YH,Li DZ,Gao LM. Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions:retrospect and prospect[J]. Biodiversity Science,2017,25(2):163-174.
[10]蒙洋,邱月,张亮,王翠玲,臧振华,等.地理距离、海拔和气候差异对独龙江流域维管植物群落物种空间相异性的影响[J].生物多样性,2017,25(12):1313-1320.Meng Y,Qiu Y,Zhang L,Wang CL,Zang ZH,et al.Effects of geographical distance and differences in climate and altitude on species dissimilarity of vascular plant communities in the Dulongjiang River Watershed Area[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(12):1313-1320.
[11]解丹丹,苏志尧.广东石门台亚热带典型常绿阔叶林和亚热带山顶矮林群落特征[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(4):355-361.Xie DD, Su ZY. Species composition and community structure of typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and subtropical montane elfin forest in Shimentai National Nature Reserve in south China[J]. Plant Science Journal,2014,32(4):355-361.
[12]吴章文,陈就和,吴楚材.广东象头山国家级自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003.
[13]邹发生,何克军.林业系统自然保护区生态因子和生物多样性监测手册[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2018.
[14]吴征镒,周浙昆,孙航,李德铢,彭华.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出社,2006.
[15]施建敏,杨光耀,裘利洪,刘仁林.马头山自然保护区种子植物区系研究:Ⅲ.种的区系分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(5):705-707.Shi JM,Yang GY,Qiu LH. Liu RL. A study on the flora of the seed plant in Matou Mountain Nature Reserve:Ⅲ.Analysis of species flora[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2005,27(5):705-707.
[16]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:1-80卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1959-2004.
[17] Flora of China编委会. Flora of China[DB/OL].[2019-05-07]. http://foc.iplant.cn/.
[18]徐斌,朱报著,张方秋,潘文王,裕霞.红花荷天然群体的遗传多样性分析[J].植物研究,2014,34(4):479-484.Xu B,Zhu BZ,Zhang FQ,Pan WW,Yu X. Genetic diversity analysis on Rhodoleia championii wild populations[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2014,34(4):479-484.
[19]廖文波,张宏达.广东亚热带植物区系表征科的区系地理学分析[J].生态科学,1994(1):47-55.Liao WB,Zhang HD. The floristic phytogeography analysis of some typical families of the subtropic flora from Guangdong province[J]. Ecological Science,1994(1):47-55.
[20]张福生,王宏,金继华,周建宇.利用重要值评价森林生态系统稳定性[J].吉林林业科技,2003,32(3):15-17.Zhang FS,Wang H,Jin JH,Zhou JY. Appraising stability of a forest ecosystem with significant values[J]. Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2003,32(3):15-17.
[21]项小燕,吴甘霖,王志高,张中信,段仁燕,等.大别山五针松群落物种多样性及区系分析[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(2):243-251.Xiang XY,Wu GL,Wang ZG,Zhang ZX,Duan RY,et al.Species diversity and floristic analysis of the Pinus dabeshanensis community[J]. Plant Science Journal,2017,35(2):243-251.
[22]潘文杰,李钢铁,刘银.松树山地区油松天然林群落结构和植物多样性研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2007,31(2):297-305.Pan WJ,Li GT,Liu Y. Community structure and species diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest in Songshushan district[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science&Technology,2007,31(2):297-305.
[23]周红章,于晓东,罗天宏,何君舰.物种多样性变化格局与时空尺度[J].生物多样性,2000,8(3):325-336.Zhou HZ,Yu XD,Luo TH,He JJ. How does species diversity change? Spatio-temporal patterns and scales[J].Biodiversity Science,2000,8(3):325-336.
[24]程华标.生态交错带植物物种多样性研究进展[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(5):469-474.Chen HB. Research progress of plant diversity in ecotone[J]. Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2014,37(5):469-474.
[25]严岳鸿,何祖霞,陈红锋,秦新生,邢福武.广东石门台自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及其保护[J].广西植物,2004,24(1):1-6.Yan YH,He ZX,Chen HF,Qin XS,Xing FW. The survey and conservation on the rare and endangered plants in Shimentai Nature Reserve, Guangdong[J]. Guihaia,2004,24(1):1-6.
[2]王世雄,赵亮,李娜,郭华,王孝安,段仁燕.稀有种和常见种对植物群落物种丰富度格局的相对贡献[J].生物多样性,2016,24(6):658-664.Wang SX,Zhao L,Li N,Guo H,Wang XA,Duan RY. The relative contributions of rare and common species to the patterns of species richness in plant communities[J].Biodiversity Science,2016,24(6):658-664.
[3]徐翔,张化永,谢婷,孙青青,田永兰.西双版纳种子植物物种多样性的垂直格局及机制[J].生物多样性,2018,26(7):678-689.Xu X,Zhang HY,Xie T,Sun QQ,Tian YL. Elevational pattern of seed plant diversity in Xishuangbanna and its mechanisms[J]. Biodiversity Science,2018,26(7):678-689.
[4]陈红锋,严岳鸿,邢福武,王宏中,谢国忠,黄林生.广东石门台自然保护区粘木-甜锥群落特征研究[J].广西植物,2003,23(6):488-494.Chen HF,Yan YH,Xing FW,Wang HZ,Xie GZ,Huang LS. A study on characteristics of Ixonanthes chinensisCastanopsis eyrei community in Shimentai Nature Reserve,Guangdong[J]. Guihaia,2003,23(6):488-494.
[5]苏志尧,陈北光,吴大荣.广东英德石门台自然保护区的植被类型和群落结构[J].华南农业大学学报,2002,23(1):58-62.Su ZY,Chen BG,Wu DR. Vegetation types and community structure of Shimentai Nature Reserve,Yingde,Guangdong[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University,2002,23(1):58-62.
[6]王厚麟,黄林生,缪绅裕,陈健辉,薛锡塔,金建华.广东石门台保护区猴头杜鹃群落特征[J].广西植物,2008,28(1):73-77.Wang HL,Huang LS,Liao SY,Chen JH,Xue XT,Jin JH.Community characteristics of Rhododendron simiarum in Shimentai Nature Reserve, Guangdong[J]. Guihaia,2008,28(1):73-77.
[7]黄川腾,庄雪影,姜斌,刘兆祥,李荣喜,张粤.广东象头山吊皮锥种群及其群落结构研究[J].广东林业科技,2010,26(1):71-76.Huang CT,Zhuang XY,Jiang B,Liu ZX,Li RX,Zhang Y.Population of Castanopsis kawakamii and its community on Xiangtoushan,Guangdong province[J]. Forestry and Environmental Science,2010,26(1):71-76.
[8] Cavender-Bares J,Ackerly DD,Hobbie SE,Townsend PA. Evolutionary legacy effects on ecosystems:biogeographic origins,plant traits,and implications for management in the era of global change[J]. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst,2016,47:433-462.
[9]刘杰,罗亚皇,李德铢,高连明.青藏高原及毗邻区植物多样性演化与维持机制:进展及展望[J].生物多样性,2017,25(2):163-174.Liu J,Luo YH,Li DZ,Gao LM. Evolution and maintenance mechanisms of plant diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and adjacent regions:retrospect and prospect[J]. Biodiversity Science,2017,25(2):163-174.
[10]蒙洋,邱月,张亮,王翠玲,臧振华,等.地理距离、海拔和气候差异对独龙江流域维管植物群落物种空间相异性的影响[J].生物多样性,2017,25(12):1313-1320.Meng Y,Qiu Y,Zhang L,Wang CL,Zang ZH,et al.Effects of geographical distance and differences in climate and altitude on species dissimilarity of vascular plant communities in the Dulongjiang River Watershed Area[J].Biodiversity Science,2017,25(12):1313-1320.
[11]解丹丹,苏志尧.广东石门台亚热带典型常绿阔叶林和亚热带山顶矮林群落特征[J].植物科学学报,2014,32(4):355-361.Xie DD, Su ZY. Species composition and community structure of typical subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and subtropical montane elfin forest in Shimentai National Nature Reserve in south China[J]. Plant Science Journal,2014,32(4):355-361.
[12]吴章文,陈就和,吴楚材.广东象头山国家级自然保护区科学考察集[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2003.
[13]邹发生,何克军.林业系统自然保护区生态因子和生物多样性监测手册[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2018.
[14]吴征镒,周浙昆,孙航,李德铢,彭华.种子植物分布区类型及其起源和分化[M].昆明:云南科技出社,2006.
[15]施建敏,杨光耀,裘利洪,刘仁林.马头山自然保护区种子植物区系研究:Ⅲ.种的区系分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2005,27(5):705-707.Shi JM,Yang GY,Qiu LH. Liu RL. A study on the flora of the seed plant in Matou Mountain Nature Reserve:Ⅲ.Analysis of species flora[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2005,27(5):705-707.
[16]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志:1-80卷[M].北京:科学出版社,1959-2004.
[17] Flora of China编委会. Flora of China[DB/OL].[2019-05-07]. http://foc.iplant.cn/.
[18]徐斌,朱报著,张方秋,潘文王,裕霞.红花荷天然群体的遗传多样性分析[J].植物研究,2014,34(4):479-484.Xu B,Zhu BZ,Zhang FQ,Pan WW,Yu X. Genetic diversity analysis on Rhodoleia championii wild populations[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2014,34(4):479-484.
[19]廖文波,张宏达.广东亚热带植物区系表征科的区系地理学分析[J].生态科学,1994(1):47-55.Liao WB,Zhang HD. The floristic phytogeography analysis of some typical families of the subtropic flora from Guangdong province[J]. Ecological Science,1994(1):47-55.
[20]张福生,王宏,金继华,周建宇.利用重要值评价森林生态系统稳定性[J].吉林林业科技,2003,32(3):15-17.Zhang FS,Wang H,Jin JH,Zhou JY. Appraising stability of a forest ecosystem with significant values[J]. Jilin Forestry Science and Technology,2003,32(3):15-17.
[21]项小燕,吴甘霖,王志高,张中信,段仁燕,等.大别山五针松群落物种多样性及区系分析[J].植物科学学报,2017,35(2):243-251.Xiang XY,Wu GL,Wang ZG,Zhang ZX,Duan RY,et al.Species diversity and floristic analysis of the Pinus dabeshanensis community[J]. Plant Science Journal,2017,35(2):243-251.
[22]潘文杰,李钢铁,刘银.松树山地区油松天然林群落结构和植物多样性研究[J].内蒙古林业科技,2007,31(2):297-305.Pan WJ,Li GT,Liu Y. Community structure and species diversity of Pinus tabulaeformis natural forest in Songshushan district[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science&Technology,2007,31(2):297-305.
[23]周红章,于晓东,罗天宏,何君舰.物种多样性变化格局与时空尺度[J].生物多样性,2000,8(3):325-336.Zhou HZ,Yu XD,Luo TH,He JJ. How does species diversity change? Spatio-temporal patterns and scales[J].Biodiversity Science,2000,8(3):325-336.
[24]程华标.生态交错带植物物种多样性研究进展[J].安徽师范大学学报(自然科学版),2014,37(5):469-474.Chen HB. Research progress of plant diversity in ecotone[J]. Journal of Anhui Normal University(Natural Science Edition),2014,37(5):469-474.
[25]严岳鸿,何祖霞,陈红锋,秦新生,邢福武.广东石门台自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及其保护[J].广西植物,2004,24(1):1-6.Yan YH,He ZX,Chen HF,Qin XS,Xing FW. The survey and conservation on the rare and endangered plants in Shimentai Nature Reserve, Guangdong[J]. Guihaia,2004,24(1):1-6.