压缩性对计算空化装置噪声的影响（英文）
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摘要
通过应用混合方法可以简化噪声预测。计算流体动力学计算可以通过求解可压缩或不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程来确定噪声源的流场变量来完成。正确的假设取决于物理情况和马赫数。虽然在诸如空化孔的空化装置中,通常我们处理的是低马赫数流量,但是空化是一种声学现象并且可能受到可压缩性的影响。在这项研究中,使用大涡模拟(LES)和Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H)公式研究了压缩性在计算空化单孔孔口产生的噪声中的作用。这项工作的结果表明,压缩性在计算空化孔口产生的噪声方面具有重要作用,尤其是在研究低频空化状态下产生的噪声。
Noise prediction can be simplified by application of hybrid approach. The computational fluid dynamics calculation can be accomplished by solving either compressible or incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to determine the flow-field variables of the noise source. The proper assumption depends on both the physical situation and the Mach number. Although, in cavitating devices such as a cavitating orifice usually we are dealing with low Mach number flow but cavitation is an acoustic phenomenon and can be affected by compressibility. In this study, the role of compressibility in computing noise generated at a cavitating single-hole orifice was investigated using large eddy simulation(LES) and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) formulation. The results of this work demonstrate that the compressibility has a significant role in terms of computing noise generated at a cavitating orifice and cannot be ignored, especially when the noise generated by developed cavitation regimes at low frequencies is investigated.
Noise prediction can be simplified by application of hybrid approach. The computational fluid dynamics calculation can be accomplished by solving either compressible or incompressible Navier-Stokes equations to determine the flow-field variables of the noise source. The proper assumption depends on both the physical situation and the Mach number. Although, in cavitating devices such as a cavitating orifice usually we are dealing with low Mach number flow but cavitation is an acoustic phenomenon and can be affected by compressibility. In this study, the role of compressibility in computing noise generated at a cavitating single-hole orifice was investigated using large eddy simulation(LES) and Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) formulation. The results of this work demonstrate that the compressibility has a significant role in terms of computing noise generated at a cavitating orifice and cannot be ignored, especially when the noise generated by developed cavitation regimes at low frequencies is investigated.
引文
[1]Ianniello,S.,Muscari,R.,&Di Mascio,A.,(2013),Ship underwate noise assessment by the acoustic analogy.Part I:nonlinear analysis o a marine propeller in a uniform flow,Journal of Marine Science and Technology,18(4):547-570.
[2]Wang,M.,Freund,J.B.,&Lele,S.K.,(2006),Computational predic tion of flow-generated sound,Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics.
[3]Ffowcs Williams,J.E.,&Hawkings,D.L.,(1969),Sound generated by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion,Philosophical Transac tions of the Royal Society of London,Series A,Mathematical and Physical Sciences,264(1151):321-342.
[4]Liu,J.,(2012),Simulation of whistle noise using computational fluid dynamics and acoustic finite element simulation,(Master of Science)University of Kentucky,Lexington,Kentucky,USA.
[5]Layton,W.,&Novotny,A.,(2010),On Lighthill's acoustic analogy for low Mach number flows“In”:New Directions Mathematical Flu id Mechanics,247-279,Basel,Switzerland:Birkh?user Verlag.
[6]Wilcox,D.C.,(2007),Basic Fluid Mechanics,San Diego,California USA:Birmingham Press Inc.
[7]Bistafa,S.R.,Lauchle,G.C.,&Reethof,G.,(1989),Noise Generat ed by Cavitation in Orifice Plates,ASME J.Fluids Eng.,111(3):278289.
[8]Olivares,P.A.V.,(2009),Acoustic wave propagation and modeling turbulent water flows with acoustics for district heating pipes.(PhD)Uppsala University.
[9]ANSYS-FLUENT,(2017),Canonsburg,PA,USA:ANSYS,Inc.
[10]Testud,P.,Moussou,P.,Hirschberg,A.,&Aurégan,Y.,(2007)Noise generated by cavitating single-hole and multi-hole orifices in water pipe,Journal of Fluids and Structures,23(2),163-189.
[11]Meneveau,C.,&Katz,J.,(2000),Scale-invariance and turbulenc models for large-eddy simulation,Annual Review of Fluid Mechan ics,32:1-32.
[12]Chung,T.J.,(2002),Computational Fluid Dynamics,University o Alabama in Huntsville:Cambridge University Press.
[13]Sauer,J.,&Schnerr,G.H.,(2001),Development of a new cavitation model based on bubble dynamics,ZAMM-Journal of Applied Math ematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik,81(S3):561-562.
[14]Schnerr,G.H.,&Sauer,J.,(2001),Physical and numerical model ing of unsteady cavitation dynamics,Proceedings of the 4th Interna tional Conference on Multiphase Flow,New Orleans,USA.
[15]Hickel,S.,(2015),DNS and LES of two-phase flows with cavitation“In”:Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX,595-605,Switzerland Springer International Publishing.
[16]Hofmans,G.C.J.,Ranucci,M.,Ajello,G.,Auregan,Y.,&Hirsch berg,A.,(2001),Aero-acoustic response of a slit-shaped diaphragm in a pipe at low Helmholtz number,2:unsteady results,Journal o Sound and Vibration,244(1):57-77.
[17]Archer,A.,Boyer,A.,Nimanbeg,N.,L’Exact,C.,&Lemercier,S.(2002),Re′sultats des essais hydrauliques et hydroacoustiques du troncon PTR 900 sur la boucle EPOCA(in French),France,EDFR&D.
[2]Wang,M.,Freund,J.B.,&Lele,S.K.,(2006),Computational predic tion of flow-generated sound,Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics.
[3]Ffowcs Williams,J.E.,&Hawkings,D.L.,(1969),Sound generated by turbulence and surfaces in arbitrary motion,Philosophical Transac tions of the Royal Society of London,Series A,Mathematical and Physical Sciences,264(1151):321-342.
[4]Liu,J.,(2012),Simulation of whistle noise using computational fluid dynamics and acoustic finite element simulation,(Master of Science)University of Kentucky,Lexington,Kentucky,USA.
[5]Layton,W.,&Novotny,A.,(2010),On Lighthill's acoustic analogy for low Mach number flows“In”:New Directions Mathematical Flu id Mechanics,247-279,Basel,Switzerland:Birkh?user Verlag.
[6]Wilcox,D.C.,(2007),Basic Fluid Mechanics,San Diego,California USA:Birmingham Press Inc.
[7]Bistafa,S.R.,Lauchle,G.C.,&Reethof,G.,(1989),Noise Generat ed by Cavitation in Orifice Plates,ASME J.Fluids Eng.,111(3):278289.
[8]Olivares,P.A.V.,(2009),Acoustic wave propagation and modeling turbulent water flows with acoustics for district heating pipes.(PhD)Uppsala University.
[9]ANSYS-FLUENT,(2017),Canonsburg,PA,USA:ANSYS,Inc.
[10]Testud,P.,Moussou,P.,Hirschberg,A.,&Aurégan,Y.,(2007)Noise generated by cavitating single-hole and multi-hole orifices in water pipe,Journal of Fluids and Structures,23(2),163-189.
[11]Meneveau,C.,&Katz,J.,(2000),Scale-invariance and turbulenc models for large-eddy simulation,Annual Review of Fluid Mechan ics,32:1-32.
[12]Chung,T.J.,(2002),Computational Fluid Dynamics,University o Alabama in Huntsville:Cambridge University Press.
[13]Sauer,J.,&Schnerr,G.H.,(2001),Development of a new cavitation model based on bubble dynamics,ZAMM-Journal of Applied Math ematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik,81(S3):561-562.
[14]Schnerr,G.H.,&Sauer,J.,(2001),Physical and numerical model ing of unsteady cavitation dynamics,Proceedings of the 4th Interna tional Conference on Multiphase Flow,New Orleans,USA.
[15]Hickel,S.,(2015),DNS and LES of two-phase flows with cavitation“In”:Direct and Large-Eddy Simulation IX,595-605,Switzerland Springer International Publishing.
[16]Hofmans,G.C.J.,Ranucci,M.,Ajello,G.,Auregan,Y.,&Hirsch berg,A.,(2001),Aero-acoustic response of a slit-shaped diaphragm in a pipe at low Helmholtz number,2:unsteady results,Journal o Sound and Vibration,244(1):57-77.
[17]Archer,A.,Boyer,A.,Nimanbeg,N.,L’Exact,C.,&Lemercier,S.(2002),Re′sultats des essais hydrauliques et hydroacoustiques du troncon PTR 900 sur la boucle EPOCA(in French),France,EDFR&D.