柚木冠幅与树高、胸径的回归分析
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摘要
为考察柚木生长因子与冠幅的关系,准确反映各生长因子与冠幅之间的关系,建立冠幅预测模型,为柚木人工林目标树经营提供理论依据。以广西凭祥、云南德宏、云南景洪、海南乐东4个地区不同林龄阶段的柚木人工林中优势木为研究对象,以胸径、树高、冠长、林龄4个因子作为变量与冠幅进行回归分析,筛选关键因子建立柚木冠幅生长的预测模型。结果表明,胸径(R=0.534 2,P=0.000 1)、树高(R=0.179 8,P=0.002 6)是影响柚木冠幅的关键因子;胸径、树高与冠幅的一元回归方程:冠幅与胸径y=15.789 3x+1.847 66(F=516.418 0,P=0.000 1),冠幅与树高y=0.371 7x-0.601 89(F=174.295 4,P=0.000 1)。并应用胸径、树高2个关键因子与冠幅建立回归模型:y=13.565 8x_1+0.106 4x_2+0.358 66(F=279.504 8,P=0.000 1),计算结果与实际测量结果差异性较小(F=0.014 0,P=0.907 2)。可以根据目标树的培育目标胸径、树高因子,利用该模型来预测该目标树的冠幅,从而确定单位面积内保留目标树的数量。
In order to investigate the relationship between teak growth factors and crown width,the crown growth prediction model was established to provide a theoretical basis for teak plantation target tree management.Taking the dominant trees in the teak plantations with different forest ages in Pingxiang of Guangxi,Dehong of Yunnan,Jinghong of Yunnan and Ledong of Hainan as the research objects,the four factors,including diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,crown length and forest age were used as variables and regression analysis was performed with the crown width,to select the key factors and establish a predictive model for teak crown growth.The results showed that the DBH(R=0.534 2,P=0.000 1) and tree height(R=0.179 8,P=0.002 6) were the key factors affecting the crown width of teak.The one-dimensional regression equations for the DBH,tree height with crown width were established:crown width with the DBH y=15.789 3x+1.847 66(F=516.418 0,P=0.000 1),crown width with tree height y=0.371 7x-0.601 89(F=174.295 4,P=0.000 1).The regression model was established by applying two key factors of DBH and tree height with crown width:y=13.565 8x_1+0.106 4x_2+0.358 66(F=279.504 8,P=0.000 1),and the difference between the calculation result and the actual measurement result was small(F=0.014 0,P=0.907 2).The model could be used to predict the crown width of the target tree according to the DBH and tree height,thereby determining the number of target trees retained per unit area.
In order to investigate the relationship between teak growth factors and crown width,the crown growth prediction model was established to provide a theoretical basis for teak plantation target tree management.Taking the dominant trees in the teak plantations with different forest ages in Pingxiang of Guangxi,Dehong of Yunnan,Jinghong of Yunnan and Ledong of Hainan as the research objects,the four factors,including diameter at breast height(DBH),tree height,crown length and forest age were used as variables and regression analysis was performed with the crown width,to select the key factors and establish a predictive model for teak crown growth.The results showed that the DBH(R=0.534 2,P=0.000 1) and tree height(R=0.179 8,P=0.002 6) were the key factors affecting the crown width of teak.The one-dimensional regression equations for the DBH,tree height with crown width were established:crown width with the DBH y=15.789 3x+1.847 66(F=516.418 0,P=0.000 1),crown width with tree height y=0.371 7x-0.601 89(F=174.295 4,P=0.000 1).The regression model was established by applying two key factors of DBH and tree height with crown width:y=13.565 8x_1+0.106 4x_2+0.358 66(F=279.504 8,P=0.000 1),and the difference between the calculation result and the actual measurement result was small(F=0.014 0,P=0.907 2).The model could be used to predict the crown width of the target tree according to the DBH and tree height,thereby determining the number of target trees retained per unit area.
引文
[1] 马华明,梁坤南,周再知.我国柚木的研究与发展[J].林业科学研究,2003,16(6):768-773.
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[4] 张金文.巨尾桉大径材间伐试验研究[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(4):464-468.
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[8] 雷相东,张则路,陈晓光.长白落叶松等几个树种冠幅预测模型的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(6):75-79.LEI X D,ZHANG Z L,CHEN X G.Crown-width prediction models for several tree species including Larix olgensis in northeastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(6):75-79.(in Chinese)
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[15] NORTON D A,COCHRANE C H,REAY S D.Crown-stem dimension relationships in two New Zealand native forests[J].New Zealand Journal of Botany,2005,43(3):673-678.
[16] SCHULER J K.Astentwicklung und astreinigung in abh?ngigkeit vom dickenwachstum bei buche (Fagus sylvatica L.) und Eiche (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.;Quercus robur L.)[D].Freiburg (Breisgau):University of Freiburg,2011.
[17] 卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.LU N N,WANG X J,ZHANG P,et al.Path analysis between diameter at breast height,hegiht and crown width of Cunninghamia lanceolata in different age[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(4):12-16.(in Chinese)
[18] 符利勇,孙华,张会儒,等.不同郁闭度下胸高直径对杉木冠幅特征因子的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2434-2443.FU L Y,SUN H,ZHANG H R,et al.Effects of diameter at breast height on crown characteristics of Chinese fir under different canopy density conditions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(8):2434-2443.(in Chinese)
[19] 张鹏,王新杰,高志雄,等.将乐地区马尾松最优冠幅模型研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):94-98.ZHANG P,WANG X J,GAO Z X,et al.Optimal crown diameter models for Pinus massoniana in Jiangle,Fujian Province[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(4):94-98.(in Chinese)
[20] GILL S J,BIGING G S,MURPHY E C.Modeling conifer tree crown radius and estimating canopy cover[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,126(3):405-416.
[21] HUMMEL S.Height,diameter and crown dimensions of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,127:31-40.
[22] 石小龙,杜彦昌,王鹏,等.小陇山油松人工林林冠指标相关性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(3):67-73.SHI X L,DU Y C,WANG P,et al.Correlation of crown indicators on Pinus tabuliformis plantation in Xiaolongshan mountain[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(3):67-73.(in Chinese)
[23] GROTE R.Estimation of crown radii and crown projection area from stem size and tree position[J].Annals of Forest Science,2003,60(5):393-402.
[24] 覃阳平,张怀清,陈永富,等.基于简单竞争指数的杉木人工林树冠形状模拟[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(3):363-366.QIN Y P,ZHANG H Q,CHEN Y F,et al.Canopy shape simulation of Chinese fir plantation based on simple competition index[J].Forest Research,2014,27(3):363-366.(in Chinese)
[2] 梁坤南,周再知,马华明,等.我国珍贵树种柚木人工林发展现状、对策与展望[J].福建林业科技,2011,38(4):173-178.
[3] 江泽慧.中国森林资源与可持续发展[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[4] 张金文.巨尾桉大径材间伐试验研究[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(4):464-468.
[5] HOULLIER F,LEBAN J M,COLIN F.Linking growth modelling to timber quality assessment for Norway spruce[J].Forest Ecology and Management,1995,74(1-3):91-102.
[6] SPIECKER H.Silvicultural management in maintaining biodiversity and resistance of forests in Europe-temperate zone[J].Journal of Environmental Management,2003,67(1):55-65.
[7] ABETZ P,KL?DTKE J.The target tree management system:die Z-Baum-Kontrollmethode[J].Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt,2010,121(2):73-82.
[8] 雷相东,张则路,陈晓光.长白落叶松等几个树种冠幅预测模型的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2006,28(6):75-79.LEI X D,ZHANG Z L,CHEN X G.Crown-width prediction models for several tree species including Larix olgensis in northeastern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(6):75-79.(in Chinese)
[9] JOHNSON P S,SHIFLEY S R,ROGERS R.The ecology and silviculture of oaks[M].New York:CABI,2009.
[10] NUTTO L,SPATHELF P,SELING I.Management of individual tree diameter growth and implications for pruning for Brazilian Eucalyptus grandis hill ex maiden[J].Floresta,2006,36(3):351-368.
[11] FOLI E G,ALDER D,MILLER H G,et al.Modelling growing space requirements for some tropical forest tree species[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2003,173:79-88.
[12] DAWKINS H C.Crown diameters:their relation to bole diameter in tropical forest trees[J].The Commonwealth Forestry Review,1963:318-333.
[13] SCHULER J,CUENI J,SPIECKER H,et al.Modelling growing space of four valuable broadleaved tree species in southern China[J].Forest Science and Practice,2013,15(3):167-178.
[14] BULLOCK S H.Developmental patterns of tree dimensions in a neotropical deciduous forest[J].Biotropica,2000,32(1):42-52.
[15] NORTON D A,COCHRANE C H,REAY S D.Crown-stem dimension relationships in two New Zealand native forests[J].New Zealand Journal of Botany,2005,43(3):673-678.
[16] SCHULER J K.Astentwicklung und astreinigung in abh?ngigkeit vom dickenwachstum bei buche (Fagus sylvatica L.) und Eiche (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.;Quercus robur L.)[D].Freiburg (Breisgau):University of Freiburg,2011.
[17] 卢妮妮,王新杰,张鹏,等.不同林龄杉木胸径树高与冠幅的通径分析[J].东北林业大学学报,2015,43(4):12-16.LU N N,WANG X J,ZHANG P,et al.Path analysis between diameter at breast height,hegiht and crown width of Cunninghamia lanceolata in different age[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2015,43(4):12-16.(in Chinese)
[18] 符利勇,孙华,张会儒,等.不同郁闭度下胸高直径对杉木冠幅特征因子的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2434-2443.FU L Y,SUN H,ZHANG H R,et al.Effects of diameter at breast height on crown characteristics of Chinese fir under different canopy density conditions[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(8):2434-2443.(in Chinese)
[19] 张鹏,王新杰,高志雄,等.将乐地区马尾松最优冠幅模型研究[J].西北林学院学报,2015,30(4):94-98.ZHANG P,WANG X J,GAO Z X,et al.Optimal crown diameter models for Pinus massoniana in Jiangle,Fujian Province[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2015,30(4):94-98.(in Chinese)
[20] GILL S J,BIGING G S,MURPHY E C.Modeling conifer tree crown radius and estimating canopy cover[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,126(3):405-416.
[21] HUMMEL S.Height,diameter and crown dimensions of Cordia alliodora associated with tree density[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2000,127:31-40.
[22] 石小龙,杜彦昌,王鹏,等.小陇山油松人工林林冠指标相关性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2018,33(3):67-73.SHI X L,DU Y C,WANG P,et al.Correlation of crown indicators on Pinus tabuliformis plantation in Xiaolongshan mountain[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2018,33(3):67-73.(in Chinese)
[23] GROTE R.Estimation of crown radii and crown projection area from stem size and tree position[J].Annals of Forest Science,2003,60(5):393-402.
[24] 覃阳平,张怀清,陈永富,等.基于简单竞争指数的杉木人工林树冠形状模拟[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(3):363-366.QIN Y P,ZHANG H Q,CHEN Y F,et al.Canopy shape simulation of Chinese fir plantation based on simple competition index[J].Forest Research,2014,27(3):363-366.(in Chinese)