基于负荷历时曲线法的东苕溪纳污能力研究
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摘要
根据东苕溪流域2011—2014年水文数据,以氨氮为控制指标,利用负荷历时曲线法计算流域内4个站点对应控制断面的氨氮纳污能力,解析流域内纳污能力的时空变化规律,并结合实测水质数据探究区域水体的实际受纳污染负荷,得到剩余纳污量。结果表明,流域纳污能力年度变化较大,高纳污能力主要集中在6—9月与3月,其中夏季最大,冬季最小,丰水期流域水体纳污能力分别是平水期的1.7倍、枯水期的2.4倍。从空间分布上看,下游区域纳污能力相对大于上游区域,特别是在枯水区,下游纳污能力是上游的4.8倍。根据污染排放现状计算剩余纳污量,结果显示:除洛舍闸站点外,其他站点剩余纳污量均表现为高流量区>丰水区>中流量区>枯水区>低流量区;洛舍闸站点受非点源污染排放影响,高流量区、丰水区反而表现出低的剩余纳污量。综上所述,利用负荷历时曲线能有效开展水体纳污能力计算与分析,可为流域水污染容量总量控制提供依据。
Based on the hydrologic data of East Tiaoxi watershed from 2011 to 2014, taken ammonia nitrogen as control criterion, we calculated the ammonia assimilative capacity of four areas divided from upstream to downstream by load duration curve, and analyzed spatial and temporal variation of assimilative capacity in the basin. Combined with the actual water quality data, we measured the residual assimilative amount. The results showed that the assimilative capacity fluctuated dramatically with time, and the high assimilative capacity was mainly from June to September and March. The summer had the maximal assimilative capacity while the winter had the minimal one. The assimilative capacity of wet season was 1.7 times and 2.4 times that of the normal season and the dry season, respectively. Moreover, the assimilative capacity in downstream area was higher than that in upstream area, especially in dry condition interval when the assimilative capacity in downstream was 4.8 times of that in upstream. Except Luoshezha station, the residual assimilative capacity of other stations had the same variation, which showed as high flow interval>moist condition interval>mid-range flow interval>dry condition interval>low flow interval. The residual assimilative capacity in the Luoshezha station was low in the high flow interval and moist condition interval because of non-point source pollution. In conclusion, the load duration curve is effective in calculating and analyzing assimilative capacity, and this study provides valuable principles for total capacity control in watershed scale.
Based on the hydrologic data of East Tiaoxi watershed from 2011 to 2014, taken ammonia nitrogen as control criterion, we calculated the ammonia assimilative capacity of four areas divided from upstream to downstream by load duration curve, and analyzed spatial and temporal variation of assimilative capacity in the basin. Combined with the actual water quality data, we measured the residual assimilative amount. The results showed that the assimilative capacity fluctuated dramatically with time, and the high assimilative capacity was mainly from June to September and March. The summer had the maximal assimilative capacity while the winter had the minimal one. The assimilative capacity of wet season was 1.7 times and 2.4 times that of the normal season and the dry season, respectively. Moreover, the assimilative capacity in downstream area was higher than that in upstream area, especially in dry condition interval when the assimilative capacity in downstream was 4.8 times of that in upstream. Except Luoshezha station, the residual assimilative capacity of other stations had the same variation, which showed as high flow interval>moist condition interval>mid-range flow interval>dry condition interval>low flow interval. The residual assimilative capacity in the Luoshezha station was low in the high flow interval and moist condition interval because of non-point source pollution. In conclusion, the load duration curve is effective in calculating and analyzing assimilative capacity, and this study provides valuable principles for total capacity control in watershed scale.
引文
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[13]陈小洪,韦耀东,马华安.浅析高原山区河道治理的对策与措施.水利建设与管理,2016,36(1):38-40.CHEN X H,WEI Y D,MA H A.On countermeasures and measures of river control in plateau mountainous areas.Water Resources Development&Management,2016,36(1):38-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]孙作雷.苕溪流域农业非点源污染风险评估研究.杭州:浙江大学,2015:82-84.SUN Z Y.Risk assessment for nutrient loss of agricultural non-point pollution source in Tiaoxi Watershed.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015:82-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]董飞,刘晓波,彭文启,等.地表水水环境容量计算方法回顾与展望.水科学进展,2014,25(3):451-463.DONG F,LIU X B,PENG W Q,et al.Calculation methods of water environmental capacity of surface waters:Review and prospect.Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):451-463.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]王生愿,桂发二,方纬.负荷历时曲线法在梁子湖流域污染容量总量控制中的应用.长江流域资源与环境,2016,25(5):845-850.WANG S Y,GUI F E,FANG W.Load duration curve method in Liangzi Lake basin pollution capacity total amount control.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2016,25(5):845-850.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]杨龙,王晓燕,孟庆义.美国TMDL计划的研究现状及其发展趋势.环境科学与技术,2008,31(9):72-76.YANG L,WANG X Y,MENG Q Y.Present status and perspective of TMDL program in USA.Environmental Science&Technology,2008,31(9):72-76.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]MOSES S A,JANAKI L,JOSEPH S,et al.Water quality prediction capabilities of WASP model for a tropical lake system.Lakes&Reservoirs Research&Management,2015,20(4):285-299.
[5]CHAHOR Y,CASALI J,GIMENEZ R,et al.Evaluation of the Ann AGNPS model for predicting runoff and sediment yield in a small Mediterranean agricultural watershed in Navarre(Spain).Agricultural Water Management,2014,134:24-37.
[6]WU L,GAO J E,MA X Y,et al.Application of modified export coefficient method on the load estimation of non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of soil and water loss in semiarid regions.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,2015,22(14):10647-10660.
[7]孙辰.汉江襄阳段水环境容量及总量控制研究.武汉:华中科技大学,2013:10-11.SUN C.Evaluation of water environmental capacity and total amount control for water pollutants in the Xiangyang Reach of the Han River.Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2013:10-11.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]SEARCY J K.Flow Duration Curves.Washington,USA:US Government Printing Office,1959:33.
[9]SHEN J,ZHAO Y.Combined Bayesian statistics and load duration curve method for bacteria nonpoint source loading estimation.Water Research,2010,44(1):77-84.
[10]国家环境保护部.地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838-2002.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:2.Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People’s Republic of China.Environment Quality Standards for Surface Water:GB 3838-2002.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press.2002:2.(in Chinese)
[11]丁京涛.大宁河巫溪段水体总磷TMDL估算及分配研究.北京:北京化工大学,2009:18.DING J T.Research on estimation and allocation of total phosphorus TMDL in Wuxi reach,Daning River.Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2009:18.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]李原园,郦建强,李宗礼,等.河湖水系连通研究的若干问题与挑战.资源科学,2011,33(3):386-391.LI Y Y,LI J Q,LI Z L,et al.Issues and challenges for the study of the interconnected river system network.Resources Science,2011,33(3):386-391.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]陈小洪,韦耀东,马华安.浅析高原山区河道治理的对策与措施.水利建设与管理,2016,36(1):38-40.CHEN X H,WEI Y D,MA H A.On countermeasures and measures of river control in plateau mountainous areas.Water Resources Development&Management,2016,36(1):38-40.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]孙作雷.苕溪流域农业非点源污染风险评估研究.杭州:浙江大学,2015:82-84.SUN Z Y.Risk assessment for nutrient loss of agricultural non-point pollution source in Tiaoxi Watershed.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015:82-84.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]董飞,刘晓波,彭文启,等.地表水水环境容量计算方法回顾与展望.水科学进展,2014,25(3):451-463.DONG F,LIU X B,PENG W Q,et al.Calculation methods of water environmental capacity of surface waters:Review and prospect.Advances in Water Science,2014,25(3):451-463.(in Chinese with English abstract)