罗田垂枝杉与黄枝杉顶芽解剖比较观察
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摘要
罗田垂枝杉是杉木的优良变异类型,具有生长快、干形通直圆满,材质优良等特性,并且较其它杉木显著不同的是侧枝自然下垂,生长6～7年后自然脱落,因而本实验以顶芽解剖结构的差异为研究对象来探究此现象。本研究以同一发育时期的垂枝杉与黄枝杉的顶芽为试验材料,在显微镜下进行观察,并以芽轴的长宽、表皮细胞、薄壁细胞的大小为指标,来探讨两者纵向顶芽解剖结构的差异。分析结果表明,罗田垂枝杉芽轴长度与宽度均比黄枝杉大219.74μm和113.33μm;芽轴上幼叶的数量比黄枝杉多;垂枝杉的表皮细胞长度比黄枝杉大1.42μm,表皮细胞的宽度比黄枝杉小1.9μm;薄壁细胞长度和宽度分别比黄枝杉大0.98μm和1.14μm,二者差异性显著(p<0.01)。初步判断增大的芽轴细胞和变多的幼叶导致主茎上侧枝分布密集,最后在机械重力的作用下引起侧枝下垂,本研究为杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)顶芽发育研究提供参考依据。
Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.) Hk. cv. Luotian is a superior variation of Cunninghamia laceolata,with properties of fast growth, straight and complete trunk, excellent material and so on. The lateral branches droop and shed naturally after 6～7 years old, which is significantly different from other Cunninghamia laceolata.Thus, this study explored the phenomenon through different research objects of terminal bud anatomic structure. In this study, we took terminal buds of Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.) Hk. cv. Luotian and Cunninghamia laceolata within the same developmental period as the experimental material, observing under a microscope. The length and width of bud axis, and the size of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells were considered as the indexes to explore the differences of their longitudinal bud anatomical structure. The analysis results showed that the bud axis length and width of Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.) Hk. cv. Luotian were respectively 219.74 μm and 113.33 μm larger than that of Cunninghamia laceolata; and the number of young leaves on buds axis of the former was more than that of the latter. The length of epidermal cell in the former was 1.42 μm bigger than that of the latter; the width of epidermal cell was 1.9 μm smaller than that of the latter. The length and width of parenchyma cell were respectively 0.98 μm and 1.14 μm larger than Cunninghamia laceolata with an extremely significant difference(p<0.01),and cells arranged closely and neatly. It was preliminarily suggested that the larger the bud axis and cell and the greater the number of young leaves, the denser the distribution of lateral branches on main stem, finally shed naturally under the action of mechanical gravity. This work could provide a reference for study on bud development of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.) Hk. cv. Luotian is a superior variation of Cunninghamia laceolata,with properties of fast growth, straight and complete trunk, excellent material and so on. The lateral branches droop and shed naturally after 6～7 years old, which is significantly different from other Cunninghamia laceolata.Thus, this study explored the phenomenon through different research objects of terminal bud anatomic structure. In this study, we took terminal buds of Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.) Hk. cv. Luotian and Cunninghamia laceolata within the same developmental period as the experimental material, observing under a microscope. The length and width of bud axis, and the size of epidermal cells and parenchyma cells were considered as the indexes to explore the differences of their longitudinal bud anatomical structure. The analysis results showed that the bud axis length and width of Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.) Hk. cv. Luotian were respectively 219.74 μm and 113.33 μm larger than that of Cunninghamia laceolata; and the number of young leaves on buds axis of the former was more than that of the latter. The length of epidermal cell in the former was 1.42 μm bigger than that of the latter; the width of epidermal cell was 1.9 μm smaller than that of the latter. The length and width of parenchyma cell were respectively 0.98 μm and 1.14 μm larger than Cunninghamia laceolata with an extremely significant difference(p<0.01),and cells arranged closely and neatly. It was preliminarily suggested that the larger the bud axis and cell and the greater the number of young leaves, the denser the distribution of lateral branches on main stem, finally shed naturally under the action of mechanical gravity. This work could provide a reference for study on bud development of Cunninghamia lanceolata.
引文
Huang G.W.,Du C.Q.,Ma L.J.,Xu X.Y.,Yan S.L.,and Xu Y.Z.2015,Analysis of photosynthetic physiological and morphological characteristics of Cunninghamia lanceolata'Luotian in different age lateral branches,Senlin Yu Huanjing Xuebao(Journal of Forest and Environment),35(3):236-242(黄国伟,杜超群,马林江,徐向阳,晏绍良,许业洲,2015,罗田垂枝杉不同年龄侧枝光合生理及形态特征,森林与环境学报,35(3):236-242)
Huang K.Y.,and Liu D.F.,2011,Chinese fir,a excellent woods in Guangxi,Guangxi Linye(Forestry of Guangxi),(9):43-44(黄开勇,刘达峰,2011,杉木,广西优良用材树种,广西林业,(9):43-44)
Liu X.E.,Wang Y.H.,Jiang Z.H.,Fei B.H.,Ren H.Q.,Tian G.L.and Xu X.,2010,Vascular bundle variation in the growth of Daemonorops margaritae,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),25(2):152-155(刘杏娥,汪佑宏,江泽慧,费本华,任海青,田根林,徐鑫,2010黄藤材发育过程中维管束的变化,西北林学院学报,25(2):152-155)
Wang Z.D.,2014,Molecular mechanism regulating fertility of male/female gametophyte in relation to the developmenta microenvironment of sporogenesis,Dissertation for Ph.D.Wuhan University,Supervisor:Sun M.X.,pp.58-59(汪昭丹,2014,雌、雄配子体育性调控的分子机制及其与孢子发生微环境的关系,博士学位论文,武汉大学,导师:孙蒙祥,pp.58-59)
Wei Q.M.,Yi G.M.,Xu Y.Y.,Fang X.R.,Huang L.M.,and Yang M.,2017,Afforestation analysis of superior varieties of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings,Beihua Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Beihua University(Natural Science)),18(5):663-666(韦秋梅,易冠明,徐圆圆,方小荣,黄黎敏,杨梅,2017,杉木良种苗造林幼林期生长分析,北华大学学报(自然科学版),18(5):663-666)
Xiong L.D.,1984,A preliminary study on the natural drooping and shedding characteristics of Rada miesugimie,Hubei Linye Keji(Hubei Forestry Science and Technology),(2):8-12(熊良镀,1984,罗田垂枝杉侧枝自然下垂及脱落特性的初步研究,湖北林业科技,(2):8-12)
Xu Y.Z.,Tang W.P.,Hu X.Y.,and Zhang P.,2005,Study on biological characteristics of Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.)Hk.cv.Luotian,a superior variation of Cunninghamia laceolata,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),(6):577-582(许业洲,唐万鹏,胡兴宜,章鹏,2005,杉木优良变异类型---罗田垂枝杉生物学特性研究,武汉植物学研究,(6):577-582)
Huang K.Y.,and Liu D.F.,2011,Chinese fir,a excellent woods in Guangxi,Guangxi Linye(Forestry of Guangxi),(9):43-44(黄开勇,刘达峰,2011,杉木,广西优良用材树种,广西林业,(9):43-44)
Liu X.E.,Wang Y.H.,Jiang Z.H.,Fei B.H.,Ren H.Q.,Tian G.L.and Xu X.,2010,Vascular bundle variation in the growth of Daemonorops margaritae,Xibei Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Northwest Forestry University),25(2):152-155(刘杏娥,汪佑宏,江泽慧,费本华,任海青,田根林,徐鑫,2010黄藤材发育过程中维管束的变化,西北林学院学报,25(2):152-155)
Wang Z.D.,2014,Molecular mechanism regulating fertility of male/female gametophyte in relation to the developmenta microenvironment of sporogenesis,Dissertation for Ph.D.Wuhan University,Supervisor:Sun M.X.,pp.58-59(汪昭丹,2014,雌、雄配子体育性调控的分子机制及其与孢子发生微环境的关系,博士学位论文,武汉大学,导师:孙蒙祥,pp.58-59)
Wei Q.M.,Yi G.M.,Xu Y.Y.,Fang X.R.,Huang L.M.,and Yang M.,2017,Afforestation analysis of superior varieties of Cunninghamia lanceolata seedlings,Beihua Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Beihua University(Natural Science)),18(5):663-666(韦秋梅,易冠明,徐圆圆,方小荣,黄黎敏,杨梅,2017,杉木良种苗造林幼林期生长分析,北华大学学报(自然科学版),18(5):663-666)
Xiong L.D.,1984,A preliminary study on the natural drooping and shedding characteristics of Rada miesugimie,Hubei Linye Keji(Hubei Forestry Science and Technology),(2):8-12(熊良镀,1984,罗田垂枝杉侧枝自然下垂及脱落特性的初步研究,湖北林业科技,(2):8-12)
Xu Y.Z.,Tang W.P.,Hu X.Y.,and Zhang P.,2005,Study on biological characteristics of Cunninghamia laceolata(Lamb.)Hk.cv.Luotian,a superior variation of Cunninghamia laceolata,Wuhan Zhiwuxue Yanjiu(Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research),(6):577-582(许业洲,唐万鹏,胡兴宜,章鹏,2005,杉木优良变异类型---罗田垂枝杉生物学特性研究,武汉植物学研究,(6):577-582)