十二烷基硫酸钠对膜蒸馏过程影响
|
摘要
膜蒸馏具有较低的操作压力、操作温度以及运行成本等优点,因此在水处理方面有广泛的应用前景。但是膜蒸馏过程中的膜润湿和膜污染现象仍然是阻碍其工业化应用的主要问题。表面活性剂作为一种能显著降低溶液表面张力、改变进料液性质的物质,对膜蒸馏造成的影响值得被研究。基于此,研究了在直接接触式膜蒸馏(DCMD)过程中表面活性剂对不同商业微孔疏水膜造成的影响,选用了一种常见的阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)进行实验。结果表明,进料液中SDS浓度的上升会引起更为严重的膜润湿现象,并且所使用的三种商业膜中,双疏膜抗润湿性最强,而PVDF膜最弱。而当Ca~(2+)大量存在于进料液中时,Ca~(2+)与SDS的聚集降低了膜润湿的程度但其在膜表面的沉积造成了严重的膜污染。界面相互作用自由能的计算结果表明Ca~(2+)/SDS与PVDF膜之间的吸引力最大、PTFE膜其次、双疏膜最小,这一结果与膜蒸馏过程中通量变化情况相符。
Membrane distillation(MD) has the advantages of low operating pressure, operating temperature and operating cost, so it has broad application prospects in water treatment. But the wetting and fouling during the MD process will reduce the efficiency of it, which hiders its steps of industrialization. There are many factors that may lead to wetting and fouling, the existence of surfactant is one of them. Surfactant can lower the surface tension of the solution significantly, and might change the property of the feed solution as well. This research add sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) into the salty water as feed solution to study the effects of surfactant on direct contact membrane distillation(DCMD) process. The wetting and fouling phenomenon was studied as a function of the SDS concentration, the valence of the added electrolyte, and the different membranes. And results showed that the increase of SDS concentration would make the wetting more severe. It can also be concluded that the omniphobic membrane was the first while the PVDF membrane was the last in an order of the resistance to wetting. When changing NaCl into CaCl_2, the aggregations of Ca~(2+) and SDS weaken the wetting phenomenon but their deposits on membrane lead a fouling. The interaction energies between the colloid and the membrane surface were calculated.And the data manifested that the attraction of PVDF membrane was the largest while the omniphobic membrane was the smallest, which was consistent with the experimental results.
Membrane distillation(MD) has the advantages of low operating pressure, operating temperature and operating cost, so it has broad application prospects in water treatment. But the wetting and fouling during the MD process will reduce the efficiency of it, which hiders its steps of industrialization. There are many factors that may lead to wetting and fouling, the existence of surfactant is one of them. Surfactant can lower the surface tension of the solution significantly, and might change the property of the feed solution as well. This research add sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) into the salty water as feed solution to study the effects of surfactant on direct contact membrane distillation(DCMD) process. The wetting and fouling phenomenon was studied as a function of the SDS concentration, the valence of the added electrolyte, and the different membranes. And results showed that the increase of SDS concentration would make the wetting more severe. It can also be concluded that the omniphobic membrane was the first while the PVDF membrane was the last in an order of the resistance to wetting. When changing NaCl into CaCl_2, the aggregations of Ca~(2+) and SDS weaken the wetting phenomenon but their deposits on membrane lead a fouling. The interaction energies between the colloid and the membrane surface were calculated.And the data manifested that the attraction of PVDF membrane was the largest while the omniphobic membrane was the smallest, which was consistent with the experimental results.
引文
[1] Drioli E, Ali A, Macedonio F. Membrane distillation:recent developments and perspectives[J]. Desalination, 2015, 356:56-84.
[2] El-bourawi M S, Ding Z, Ma R, et al. A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1):4-29.
[3] Alkhudhiri A, Darwish N, Hilal N. Membrane distillation:a comprehensive review[J]. Desalination, 2012, 287(8):2-18.
[4] Hogan P A, Sudjito, Fane A G, et al. Desalination by solar heated membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 1991, 81(1/2/3):81-90.
[5] Li J, Guan Y, Cheng F, et al. Treatment of high salinity brines by direct contact membrane distillation:effect of membrane characteristics and salinity[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 140:143-149.
[6] Khalifa A, Ahmad H, Antar M, et al. Experimental and theoretical investigations on water desalination using direct contact membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 2017, 404:22-34.
[7] Khayet M. Treatment of radioactive wastewater solutions by direct contact membrane distillation using surface modified membranes[J]. Desalination, 2013, 321(15):60-66.
[8]申龙,高瑞昶.膜蒸馏技术最新研究应用进展[J].化工进展,2014, 33(2):289-297.Shen L, Gao R C. Research and application progress of membrane distillation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2014,33(2):289-297.
[9] Schneider K, Ripperger R W. Membranes and modules for transmembrane distillation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,1988, 39(1):25-42.
[10] Hou D, Dai G, Wang J, et al. Preparation and characterization of PVDF/nonwoven fabric flat-sheet composite membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation[J].Separation&Purification Technology, 2012, 101(1):1-10.
[11] Gryta M. Fouling in direct contact membrane distillation process[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 325(1):383-394.
[12] Gryta M. The application of membrane distillation for broth separation in membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science and Research,2016, 2:193-200.
[13] Guillen-Burrieza E, Thomas R, Mansoor B, et al. Effect of dryout on the fouling of PVDF and PTFE membranes under conditions simulating intermittent seawater membrane distillation(SWMD)[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 438(1):126-139.
[14] Smolders K, Franken A C M. Terminology for membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 2017, 72(3):249-262.
[15] Kochan J, Wintgens T, Hochstrat R, et al. Impact of wetting agents on the filtration performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Desalination, 2009, 241(1):34-42.
[16] Baudequin C, Mai Z, Rakib M, et al. Removal of fluorinated surfactants by reverse osmosis—role of surfactants in membrane fouling[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 458(6):111-119.
[17]冯辉霞,张娟,张婷.表面活性剂废水处理技术应用研究进展[J].应用化工, 2011, 40(10):1828-1832.Feng H X, Zhang J, Zhang T. Research progress on surfactant wastewater treatment technology[J]. Applied Chemical Industry,2011, 40(10):1828-1832.
[18] Matos M, Gutiérrez G, Lobo A, et al. Surfactant effect on the ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsions using ceramic membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 520:749-759.
[19] Kochan J, Wintgens T, Hochstrat R, et al. Impact of wetting agents on the filtration performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Desalination, 2009, 241(1):34-42.
[20]吴霞,韩浩思,丁忠伟,等.十二烷基苯磺酸钠对膜蒸馏过程膜润湿的研究[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 39(4):1-5.Wu X, Han H S, Ding Z W, et al. Study of membrane wetting in the process of membranedistillation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonatesolution[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 39(4):1-5.
[21]杨大为.料液特性对膜蒸馏性能的影响研究[D].天津:天津工业大学,2012.Yang D W. The influence of feed property to membrane distillation[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Polytechnic University, 2012.
[22] Chew N G P, Zhao S, Loh C H, et al. Surfactant effects on water recovery from produced water via direct-contact membrane distillation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 528:126-134.
[23] Zhang J, Song Z, Li B, et al. Fabrication and characterization of superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride)membrane for direct contact membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 2013, 324(14):1-9.
[24]王晖,陈立,符剑刚,等.辉钼矿浮选体系中的界面热力学[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 38(5):893-899.Wang H, Chen L, Fu J G, et al. Interface thermodynamics of molybdenite floatation system[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2007, 38(5):893-899.
[25] Xiao K, Wang X, Huang X,et al. Combined effect of membrane and foulant hydrophobicity and surface charge on adsorptive fouling during microfiltration[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2011, 373(1):140-151.
[26] Coday B D, Luxbacher T, Childress A E, et al. Indirect determination of zeta potential at high ionic strength:specific application to semipermeable polymeric membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 478:58-64.
[27]陈志,耿兴国.高性能微/纳米结构不粘薄膜的研究[J].材料导报, 2005, 19(3):104-105.Chen Z, Geng X G. Study of anti-sticky thin films with high performance mocor/nano-structure[J]. Materials Review, 2005, 19(3):104-105.
[28]赵喆,王齐放.表面活性剂临界胶束浓度测定方法的研究进展[J].实用药物与临床, 2010, 13(2):140-144.Zhao Z, Wang Q F. Progress on methods of measuring surface active agent's critical micelle concentration[J]. Practical Pharmacy and Clinical Remedies, 2010, 13(2):140-144.
[29]骆庆群,杨洁明.有气体溶解和没有气体溶解的水中石墨烯间的疏水引力[J].力学学报, 2016, 48(3):714-719.Luo Q Q, Yang J M. Hydrophobic attraction of graphene in liquidwater with and without gas[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016, 48(3):714-719.
[30] Tiberg F, Brinck J, Grant L. Adsorption and surface-induced selfassembly of surfactants at the solid–aqueous interface[J]. Current Opinion in Colloid&Interface Science, 1999, 4(6):411-419.
[31] Paria S, Khilar K C. A review on experimental studies of surfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water interface[J].Advances in Colloid&Interface Science, 2004, 110(3):75-95.
[32] Yu D, Wang Y, Zhang J, et al. Effects of calcium ions on solubility and aggregation behavior of an anionic sulfonategemini surfactant in aqueous solutions[J]. Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2012, 381(1):83-88.
[33]赵应许. x DLVO理论解析不同溶液条件下多糖微滤膜污染行为[D].济南:山东大学, 2014.Zhao Y X. Fouling behavior of polysaccharide during microfiltration at various solution conditions:x DLVO approach[D].Jinan:Shandong University, 2014.
[34] Wu W, Giese R F, Vanoss C J V. Change in surface properties of solids caused by grinding[J]. Powder Technology, 1996, 89(2):129-132.
[35] Lei F, Li X F, Du G C, et al. Adsorption and fouling characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca to microfiltration membranes[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2009, 44(11):1289-1292.
[36] Bower M J D, Bank T L, Giese R F, et al. Nanoscale forces of interaction between glass in aqueous and non-aqueous media:a theoretical and empirical study[J]. Colloids&Surfaces A Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects, 2010, 362(1):90-96.
[2] El-bourawi M S, Ding Z, Ma R, et al. A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 285(1):4-29.
[3] Alkhudhiri A, Darwish N, Hilal N. Membrane distillation:a comprehensive review[J]. Desalination, 2012, 287(8):2-18.
[4] Hogan P A, Sudjito, Fane A G, et al. Desalination by solar heated membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 1991, 81(1/2/3):81-90.
[5] Li J, Guan Y, Cheng F, et al. Treatment of high salinity brines by direct contact membrane distillation:effect of membrane characteristics and salinity[J]. Chemosphere, 2015, 140:143-149.
[6] Khalifa A, Ahmad H, Antar M, et al. Experimental and theoretical investigations on water desalination using direct contact membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 2017, 404:22-34.
[7] Khayet M. Treatment of radioactive wastewater solutions by direct contact membrane distillation using surface modified membranes[J]. Desalination, 2013, 321(15):60-66.
[8]申龙,高瑞昶.膜蒸馏技术最新研究应用进展[J].化工进展,2014, 33(2):289-297.Shen L, Gao R C. Research and application progress of membrane distillation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2014,33(2):289-297.
[9] Schneider K, Ripperger R W. Membranes and modules for transmembrane distillation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,1988, 39(1):25-42.
[10] Hou D, Dai G, Wang J, et al. Preparation and characterization of PVDF/nonwoven fabric flat-sheet composite membranes for desalination through direct contact membrane distillation[J].Separation&Purification Technology, 2012, 101(1):1-10.
[11] Gryta M. Fouling in direct contact membrane distillation process[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2008, 325(1):383-394.
[12] Gryta M. The application of membrane distillation for broth separation in membrane bioreactors[J]. Journal of Membrane Science and Research,2016, 2:193-200.
[13] Guillen-Burrieza E, Thomas R, Mansoor B, et al. Effect of dryout on the fouling of PVDF and PTFE membranes under conditions simulating intermittent seawater membrane distillation(SWMD)[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2013, 438(1):126-139.
[14] Smolders K, Franken A C M. Terminology for membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 2017, 72(3):249-262.
[15] Kochan J, Wintgens T, Hochstrat R, et al. Impact of wetting agents on the filtration performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Desalination, 2009, 241(1):34-42.
[16] Baudequin C, Mai Z, Rakib M, et al. Removal of fluorinated surfactants by reverse osmosis—role of surfactants in membrane fouling[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 458(6):111-119.
[17]冯辉霞,张娟,张婷.表面活性剂废水处理技术应用研究进展[J].应用化工, 2011, 40(10):1828-1832.Feng H X, Zhang J, Zhang T. Research progress on surfactant wastewater treatment technology[J]. Applied Chemical Industry,2011, 40(10):1828-1832.
[18] Matos M, Gutiérrez G, Lobo A, et al. Surfactant effect on the ultrafiltration of oil-in-water emulsions using ceramic membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2016, 520:749-759.
[19] Kochan J, Wintgens T, Hochstrat R, et al. Impact of wetting agents on the filtration performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes[J]. Desalination, 2009, 241(1):34-42.
[20]吴霞,韩浩思,丁忠伟,等.十二烷基苯磺酸钠对膜蒸馏过程膜润湿的研究[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 39(4):1-5.Wu X, Han H S, Ding Z W, et al. Study of membrane wetting in the process of membranedistillation of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonatesolution[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Chemical Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2012, 39(4):1-5.
[21]杨大为.料液特性对膜蒸馏性能的影响研究[D].天津:天津工业大学,2012.Yang D W. The influence of feed property to membrane distillation[D].Tianjin:Tianjin Polytechnic University, 2012.
[22] Chew N G P, Zhao S, Loh C H, et al. Surfactant effects on water recovery from produced water via direct-contact membrane distillation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2017, 528:126-134.
[23] Zhang J, Song Z, Li B, et al. Fabrication and characterization of superhydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride)membrane for direct contact membrane distillation[J]. Desalination, 2013, 324(14):1-9.
[24]王晖,陈立,符剑刚,等.辉钼矿浮选体系中的界面热力学[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 38(5):893-899.Wang H, Chen L, Fu J G, et al. Interface thermodynamics of molybdenite floatation system[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2007, 38(5):893-899.
[25] Xiao K, Wang X, Huang X,et al. Combined effect of membrane and foulant hydrophobicity and surface charge on adsorptive fouling during microfiltration[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2011, 373(1):140-151.
[26] Coday B D, Luxbacher T, Childress A E, et al. Indirect determination of zeta potential at high ionic strength:specific application to semipermeable polymeric membranes[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2015, 478:58-64.
[27]陈志,耿兴国.高性能微/纳米结构不粘薄膜的研究[J].材料导报, 2005, 19(3):104-105.Chen Z, Geng X G. Study of anti-sticky thin films with high performance mocor/nano-structure[J]. Materials Review, 2005, 19(3):104-105.
[28]赵喆,王齐放.表面活性剂临界胶束浓度测定方法的研究进展[J].实用药物与临床, 2010, 13(2):140-144.Zhao Z, Wang Q F. Progress on methods of measuring surface active agent's critical micelle concentration[J]. Practical Pharmacy and Clinical Remedies, 2010, 13(2):140-144.
[29]骆庆群,杨洁明.有气体溶解和没有气体溶解的水中石墨烯间的疏水引力[J].力学学报, 2016, 48(3):714-719.Luo Q Q, Yang J M. Hydrophobic attraction of graphene in liquidwater with and without gas[J]. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics,2016, 48(3):714-719.
[30] Tiberg F, Brinck J, Grant L. Adsorption and surface-induced selfassembly of surfactants at the solid–aqueous interface[J]. Current Opinion in Colloid&Interface Science, 1999, 4(6):411-419.
[31] Paria S, Khilar K C. A review on experimental studies of surfactant adsorption at the hydrophilic solid-water interface[J].Advances in Colloid&Interface Science, 2004, 110(3):75-95.
[32] Yu D, Wang Y, Zhang J, et al. Effects of calcium ions on solubility and aggregation behavior of an anionic sulfonategemini surfactant in aqueous solutions[J]. Journal of Colloid&Interface Science,2012, 381(1):83-88.
[33]赵应许. x DLVO理论解析不同溶液条件下多糖微滤膜污染行为[D].济南:山东大学, 2014.Zhao Y X. Fouling behavior of polysaccharide during microfiltration at various solution conditions:x DLVO approach[D].Jinan:Shandong University, 2014.
[34] Wu W, Giese R F, Vanoss C J V. Change in surface properties of solids caused by grinding[J]. Powder Technology, 1996, 89(2):129-132.
[35] Lei F, Li X F, Du G C, et al. Adsorption and fouling characterization of Klebsiella oxytoca to microfiltration membranes[J]. Process Biochemistry, 2009, 44(11):1289-1292.
[36] Bower M J D, Bank T L, Giese R F, et al. Nanoscale forces of interaction between glass in aqueous and non-aqueous media:a theoretical and empirical study[J]. Colloids&Surfaces A Physicochemical&Engineering Aspects, 2010, 362(1):90-96.