羌塘盆地托纳木—笙根地区高密度高覆盖宽线采集试验
|
摘要
由于地质构造复杂,表层结构变化剧烈,羌塘盆地一直未能获得令人满意的高信噪比二维地震资料.因此,采用可控震源和井炮激发在北羌塘凹陷与中央隆起带之间的托纳木—笙根地区开展了420 km的高密度高覆盖宽线地震采集试验.可控震源激发参数:振动台次3台1次、扫描频率6~84 Hz、驱动幅度70%、扫描长度18 s.井炮激发参数:单井高速层下7 m激发,最浅井深18 m,药量18 kg;组合方式激发为2口井×15 m×12 kg或3口井×12 m×8 kg.2串检波器沿测线线性图形为最佳接收因素.井炮激发的覆盖次数介于360~960次之间,观测系统为4L3S、3L3S和2S3L;可控震源激发的覆盖次数介于960~1920次之间,观测系统为4L3S、3L3S和2S3L;炮间距介于30~120 m之间.试验结果:(1)采用井炮和可控震源激发的"高密度-高覆盖-宽线"采集技术,首次在羌塘盆地托纳木—笙根地区获得了一批质量优良的、可用于地质构造解释的地震剖面;(2)尽管可控震源单炮记录无法与井炮相比,但其高密度高覆盖采集技术能获得质量优于或等同于井炮的地震资料;(3)羌塘盆地托纳木—笙根地区适合于采用可控震源和井炮联合的宽线采集方案,可控震源覆盖次数1000次左右,井炮覆盖次数360次左右,观测系统3S3L或者2S3L即可.
The satisfactory high signal-noise ratio 2D seismic data could not be acquired in Qiangtang basin because that the geological structure is complicated,the surface and near-surface lithology and structure varies roughly and dramatically. So a series of high density,high fold and wide line profiling tests excited by vibroseis and explosive source along seismic profile with 420 kilometers long have been conducted recently in Tuonamu region,which located from north Qiang Tang depression to central uplift belts. The optimum exciting condition of explosive source is that shot position is at 7 meters below high speed layer in single-hole with 18 meters or above depths,18 kilogram charge sizes,or multiple shot with two holes( each hole is 15-meters depth) and 12 kilogram charge sizes,or three holes( each hole is 12 meters depth) and 8 kilogram charge sizes. Two geophone strings arranged inline direction with liner type is the optimum receiving parameters suitable for the feature of Qiangtang basin. The optimum exciting parameter of general vibroseis is as follows: the vibration pattern is of three vibroseises vibrating for one time,sweep frequency ranges from 6 Hz to 84 Hz,drive level is 70%,sweep length is 18 s. The layout chart with borehole explosive shot designed as 4L3 S or 3L3 S or 3L2 S,and its fold ranging from 360 to 960 times. The layout chart with vibroseis shot arranged as 4L3 S or 3L3 S or 3L2 S,and its fold ranging from960 to 1920 times. The shot point interval range from 30 to 120 meters. The following conclusion can be drawn from test:( 1) A number of good quality seismic sections that can be used for geological structure interpretation are acquired in Tuonamu region of Qiang Tang basin for the first time.( 2) Although shot record of vibroseis is not as good as that of borehole explosive,by using high density and high fold acquisition technique,the quality of sections obtained by vibroseis maybe equal to or superior to that of borehole explosive.( 3) The wide line profiling acquisition technique with a combination of vibroseis and borehole explosive shot is much more suitable to Tuonamu region of Qiang Tang basin,both layout chart of vibroseis and borehole explosive shot can be arranged as 3S3 L or2S3L,with a maximum fold of 1000 times and 360 times at each CMP relatively.
The satisfactory high signal-noise ratio 2D seismic data could not be acquired in Qiangtang basin because that the geological structure is complicated,the surface and near-surface lithology and structure varies roughly and dramatically. So a series of high density,high fold and wide line profiling tests excited by vibroseis and explosive source along seismic profile with 420 kilometers long have been conducted recently in Tuonamu region,which located from north Qiang Tang depression to central uplift belts. The optimum exciting condition of explosive source is that shot position is at 7 meters below high speed layer in single-hole with 18 meters or above depths,18 kilogram charge sizes,or multiple shot with two holes( each hole is 15-meters depth) and 12 kilogram charge sizes,or three holes( each hole is 12 meters depth) and 8 kilogram charge sizes. Two geophone strings arranged inline direction with liner type is the optimum receiving parameters suitable for the feature of Qiangtang basin. The optimum exciting parameter of general vibroseis is as follows: the vibration pattern is of three vibroseises vibrating for one time,sweep frequency ranges from 6 Hz to 84 Hz,drive level is 70%,sweep length is 18 s. The layout chart with borehole explosive shot designed as 4L3 S or 3L3 S or 3L2 S,and its fold ranging from 360 to 960 times. The layout chart with vibroseis shot arranged as 4L3 S or 3L3 S or 3L2 S,and its fold ranging from960 to 1920 times. The shot point interval range from 30 to 120 meters. The following conclusion can be drawn from test:( 1) A number of good quality seismic sections that can be used for geological structure interpretation are acquired in Tuonamu region of Qiang Tang basin for the first time.( 2) Although shot record of vibroseis is not as good as that of borehole explosive,by using high density and high fold acquisition technique,the quality of sections obtained by vibroseis maybe equal to or superior to that of borehole explosive.( 3) The wide line profiling acquisition technique with a combination of vibroseis and borehole explosive shot is much more suitable to Tuonamu region of Qiang Tang basin,both layout chart of vibroseis and borehole explosive shot can be arranged as 3S3 L or2S3L,with a maximum fold of 1000 times and 360 times at each CMP relatively.
引文
DI Zhi-Xin,DING Wei,WANG Zeng-Ming,et al.2012.Practice and understanding of seismic acquisition technology in complicated foothill area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),51(6):548-561.
DING Wei,HU Li-Xin,HE Jing-Guo,et al.2014.The research on vibrator high efficient simulation technology and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(3):338-343.
KU Xin-Bo,WU Qing-Bai,JIANG Guan-Li.2007.Potential distribution of natural gas hydrate in the permafrost regions of Qing Hai-Tibet plateau[J].Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),18(4):588-592.
LI Zhong-Xiong,DU Bai-Wei,WANG Zheng-Jiang,et al.2008.Petroleum geologic characteristics of the Middle Jurassic strata in Qiangtang basin of Northern Xizang area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),29(6):797-803.
LI Zhong-Xiong,LIAO Jian-He,CHENG Ming-Dao,et al.2013.Acquisition technique test of seismic survey in Tuolamu-Shenggen region,Qiangtang basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),52(5):502-511.
LING Yun,GAO Jun,SUN De-Sheng,et al.2008.Analysis of vibroseis in seismic exploration and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),47(5):425-438.
LIU Yi-Mou,LIANG Xiang-Hao,HUANG You-Hui,et al.2008.Wideline seismic acquisition technique and its application in complex mountainous area of Kuqa depression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2008,47(4):418-424.
LU Zhan-Wu,GAO Rui,KUANG Zhao-Yang,et al.2006a.Acquisition technique test of 2-D seismic survey in Qiangtang basin of Tibet[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2006a,13(5):382-390.
LU Zhan-Wu,GAO Reui,XUE Ai-Min,et al.2006b.New seismic reflection profiles and basement structure in the Qiangtang basin,northern Tibet[J].Geology in China(in Chinese),33(2):286-290.
LUO Ren-Ze,LIANG Li-Ming,WU Xi-Guang,et al.2009.The theory of wide line array and its application in loess plateau seismic survey[J].Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),29(3):54-56.
NAN Zhuo-Tong,LI Shu-Xun,CHENG Guo-Dong.2005.Prediction of permafrost distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the next 50and 100 years[J].Science in China.Series D:Earth Sciences,48(6):797-804.
PAN Shu-Lin,GAO Lei,CHEN Hui,et al.2010.Study on methods for picking up first break of seismic record acquired by vibroseis[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),49(2):209-212.
PAN Shu-Lin,GAO Lei,ZOU Qiang,et al.2005.An automatic method to pick up the first break time[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),44(2):163-166.
WANG Dong,HE Zhen-Hua,SUN Jian-Ku,et al.2010.Application of broadened line plus long distance geophone array seismic technique in the complex mountainous area of north Kashgar[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),49(6):606-610.
XUE Hai-Fei,DONG Shou-Hua,TAO Wen-Peng.2010.Parameter selection in vibroseis seismic exploration[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(2):185-190.
YANG Gui-Xiang.2005.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(4):1108-1128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.035.
YU Shi-Huan,ZHAO Dian-Dong,QIN Du.2011.Geometry optimization for wide line seismic acquisition in Guizhong mountainous area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(4):398-405.
YUN Mei-Hou.2006.Thought about seismic acquisition in complex mountains of Zhenba area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),41(5):504-508,513.
ZENG Luan,LI Zhi-Yong,GAO Feng-Zhen.2002.Application and effect of the large-tonnage vibroseis[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):327-329,333.
ZHANG Hui-Li,ZHANG Lin,LIU Ping.2016.Comparative study on explosive source test and vibroseis test in coverage area of thick gravel laye[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),13(2):221-226.
ZHANG Xiao-Bin,LUO Wei-Dong,TANG Tao,et al.2007.Seismic acquisition technique in complex mountainous area in west China[J].Natural Gas Industry NATUR.GAS IND.(in Chinese),27(SA):76-78.
ZHAO Dian-Dong.2015.Development and expectation on the seismic acquisition technology for the massive desert in Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),54(4):367-375.
ZHAO Zheng-Zhang,LI Yong-Tie,YE He-Fei,et al.2001.Petroleum Geology of Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:174-339.
邸志欣,丁伟,王增明,等.2012.复杂山前带地震勘探采集技术的实践与认识[J].石油物探,51(6):548-561.
丁伟,胡立新,何京国,等.2014.可控震源高效地震采集技术研究及应用[J].石油物探,53(3):338-343.
库新勃,吴青柏,蒋观利.2007.青藏高原多年冻土区天然气水合物可能分布范围研究[J].天然气地球科学,18(4):588-592.
李忠雄,杜佰伟,汪正江,等.2008.藏北羌塘盆地中侏罗统石油地质特征[J].石油学报,29(6):797-803.
李忠雄,廖建河,程明道,等.2013.羌塘盆地托拉木-笙根地区地震采集技术试验[J].石油物探,52(5):502-511.
凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.2008.可控震源在地震勘探中的应用前景与问题分析[J].石油物探,47(5):425-438.
刘依谋,梁向豪,黄有晖,等.2008.库车坳陷复杂山地宽线采集技术及应用效果[J].石油物探,47(4):418-424.
卢占武,高锐,匡朝阳,等.2006a.青藏高原羌塘盆地二维地震数据采集方法试验研究[J].地学前缘,2006a,13(5):382-390.
卢占武,高锐,薛爱民,等.2006b.羌塘盆地石油地震反射新剖面及基底构造浅析[J].中国地质,33(2):286-290.
罗仁泽,梁黎明,吴希光,等.2009.宽线大组合理论及其在黄土塬地震采集中的应用[J].天然气工业,29(3):54-56.
南卓铜,李述训,程国栋.2004.未来50与100a青藏高原多年冻土变化情景预测[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,34(6):528-534.
潘树林,高磊,陈辉,等.2010.可控震源地震记录初至拾取方法研究[J].石油物探,49(2):209-212.
潘树林,高磊,邹强,等.2005.一种实现初至波自动拾取的方法[J].石油物探,44(2):163-166.
王栋,贺振华,孙建库,等.2010.宽线加大基距组合技术在喀什北区块复杂山地的应用[J].石油物探,49(6):606-610.
薛海飞,董守华,陶文朋.2010.可控震源地震勘探中的参数选择[J].物探与化探,34(2):185-190.
杨贵祥.2005.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1108-1128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.035.
于世焕,赵殿栋,秦都.2011.桂中山区宽线地震采集观测系统优选[J].石油物探,50(4):398-405.
云美厚.2006.对镇巴复杂山地地震采集的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(5):504-508,513.
曾鸾,李志勇,高凤珍.2002.大吨位可控震源的应用及效果分析[J].石油物探,41(3):327-329,333.
张慧利,张琳,刘平.2016.炸药震源和可控震源在厚砾石层覆盖区中的试验对比研究[J].工程地球物理学报,13(2):221-226.
张晓斌,罗卫东,唐涛,等.2007.西部地区复杂山地地震采集技术[J].天然气工业,27(SA):76-78.
赵殿栋.2015.塔里木盆地大沙漠区地震采集技术的发展及展望-可控震源地震采集技术在MGT地区的试验及应用[J].石油物探,54(4):367-375.
赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.2001.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质[M].北京:科学出版社,174-339.
(1)孙志华,全海燕,郑永林,等.1997,羌塘盆地西部金星湖-浩波湖地区二维地震勘探工程报告.北京:中石油石油物探局第四地质调查处.
(2)孙志华,全海燕,郑永林,等.1998,羌塘盆地毕洛错地区二维地震勘探工程报告.北京:中国石油集团石油物探局第四地质调查处.
(3)高锐,李秋生,卢占武,2008,《青藏高原二维地震反射剖面试验研究》成果报告.北京:中国地质科学院.
DING Wei,HU Li-Xin,HE Jing-Guo,et al.2014.The research on vibrator high efficient simulation technology and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),53(3):338-343.
KU Xin-Bo,WU Qing-Bai,JIANG Guan-Li.2007.Potential distribution of natural gas hydrate in the permafrost regions of Qing Hai-Tibet plateau[J].Natural Gas Geoscience(in Chinese),18(4):588-592.
LI Zhong-Xiong,DU Bai-Wei,WANG Zheng-Jiang,et al.2008.Petroleum geologic characteristics of the Middle Jurassic strata in Qiangtang basin of Northern Xizang area[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica(in Chinese),29(6):797-803.
LI Zhong-Xiong,LIAO Jian-He,CHENG Ming-Dao,et al.2013.Acquisition technique test of seismic survey in Tuolamu-Shenggen region,Qiangtang basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),52(5):502-511.
LING Yun,GAO Jun,SUN De-Sheng,et al.2008.Analysis of vibroseis in seismic exploration and its application[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),47(5):425-438.
LIU Yi-Mou,LIANG Xiang-Hao,HUANG You-Hui,et al.2008.Wideline seismic acquisition technique and its application in complex mountainous area of Kuqa depression[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),2008,47(4):418-424.
LU Zhan-Wu,GAO Rui,KUANG Zhao-Yang,et al.2006a.Acquisition technique test of 2-D seismic survey in Qiangtang basin of Tibet[J].Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2006a,13(5):382-390.
LU Zhan-Wu,GAO Reui,XUE Ai-Min,et al.2006b.New seismic reflection profiles and basement structure in the Qiangtang basin,northern Tibet[J].Geology in China(in Chinese),33(2):286-290.
LUO Ren-Ze,LIANG Li-Ming,WU Xi-Guang,et al.2009.The theory of wide line array and its application in loess plateau seismic survey[J].Natural Gas Industry(in Chinese),29(3):54-56.
NAN Zhuo-Tong,LI Shu-Xun,CHENG Guo-Dong.2005.Prediction of permafrost distribution on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the next 50and 100 years[J].Science in China.Series D:Earth Sciences,48(6):797-804.
PAN Shu-Lin,GAO Lei,CHEN Hui,et al.2010.Study on methods for picking up first break of seismic record acquired by vibroseis[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),49(2):209-212.
PAN Shu-Lin,GAO Lei,ZOU Qiang,et al.2005.An automatic method to pick up the first break time[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),44(2):163-166.
WANG Dong,HE Zhen-Hua,SUN Jian-Ku,et al.2010.Application of broadened line plus long distance geophone array seismic technique in the complex mountainous area of north Kashgar[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),49(6):606-610.
XUE Hai-Fei,DONG Shou-Hua,TAO Wen-Peng.2010.Parameter selection in vibroseis seismic exploration[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration(in Chinese),34(2):185-190.
YANG Gui-Xiang.2005.The method of seismic exploration in the bare carbonate rock area[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),20(4):1108-1128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.035.
YU Shi-Huan,ZHAO Dian-Dong,QIN Du.2011.Geometry optimization for wide line seismic acquisition in Guizhong mountainous area[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),50(4):398-405.
YUN Mei-Hou.2006.Thought about seismic acquisition in complex mountains of Zhenba area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),41(5):504-508,513.
ZENG Luan,LI Zhi-Yong,GAO Feng-Zhen.2002.Application and effect of the large-tonnage vibroseis[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),41(3):327-329,333.
ZHANG Hui-Li,ZHANG Lin,LIU Ping.2016.Comparative study on explosive source test and vibroseis test in coverage area of thick gravel laye[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics(in Chinese),13(2):221-226.
ZHANG Xiao-Bin,LUO Wei-Dong,TANG Tao,et al.2007.Seismic acquisition technique in complex mountainous area in west China[J].Natural Gas Industry NATUR.GAS IND.(in Chinese),27(SA):76-78.
ZHAO Dian-Dong.2015.Development and expectation on the seismic acquisition technology for the massive desert in Tarim Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum(in Chinese),54(4):367-375.
ZHAO Zheng-Zhang,LI Yong-Tie,YE He-Fei,et al.2001.Petroleum Geology of Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(in Chinese)[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001:174-339.
邸志欣,丁伟,王增明,等.2012.复杂山前带地震勘探采集技术的实践与认识[J].石油物探,51(6):548-561.
丁伟,胡立新,何京国,等.2014.可控震源高效地震采集技术研究及应用[J].石油物探,53(3):338-343.
库新勃,吴青柏,蒋观利.2007.青藏高原多年冻土区天然气水合物可能分布范围研究[J].天然气地球科学,18(4):588-592.
李忠雄,杜佰伟,汪正江,等.2008.藏北羌塘盆地中侏罗统石油地质特征[J].石油学报,29(6):797-803.
李忠雄,廖建河,程明道,等.2013.羌塘盆地托拉木-笙根地区地震采集技术试验[J].石油物探,52(5):502-511.
凌云,高军,孙德胜,等.2008.可控震源在地震勘探中的应用前景与问题分析[J].石油物探,47(5):425-438.
刘依谋,梁向豪,黄有晖,等.2008.库车坳陷复杂山地宽线采集技术及应用效果[J].石油物探,47(4):418-424.
卢占武,高锐,匡朝阳,等.2006a.青藏高原羌塘盆地二维地震数据采集方法试验研究[J].地学前缘,2006a,13(5):382-390.
卢占武,高锐,薛爱民,等.2006b.羌塘盆地石油地震反射新剖面及基底构造浅析[J].中国地质,33(2):286-290.
罗仁泽,梁黎明,吴希光,等.2009.宽线大组合理论及其在黄土塬地震采集中的应用[J].天然气工业,29(3):54-56.
南卓铜,李述训,程国栋.2004.未来50与100a青藏高原多年冻土变化情景预测[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,34(6):528-534.
潘树林,高磊,陈辉,等.2010.可控震源地震记录初至拾取方法研究[J].石油物探,49(2):209-212.
潘树林,高磊,邹强,等.2005.一种实现初至波自动拾取的方法[J].石油物探,44(2):163-166.
王栋,贺振华,孙建库,等.2010.宽线加大基距组合技术在喀什北区块复杂山地的应用[J].石油物探,49(6):606-610.
薛海飞,董守华,陶文朋.2010.可控震源地震勘探中的参数选择[J].物探与化探,34(2):185-190.
杨贵祥.2005.碳酸盐岩裸露区地震勘探采集方法[J].地球物理学进展,20(4):1108-1128,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.04.035.
于世焕,赵殿栋,秦都.2011.桂中山区宽线地震采集观测系统优选[J].石油物探,50(4):398-405.
云美厚.2006.对镇巴复杂山地地震采集的思考[J].石油地球物理勘探,41(5):504-508,513.
曾鸾,李志勇,高凤珍.2002.大吨位可控震源的应用及效果分析[J].石油物探,41(3):327-329,333.
张慧利,张琳,刘平.2016.炸药震源和可控震源在厚砾石层覆盖区中的试验对比研究[J].工程地球物理学报,13(2):221-226.
张晓斌,罗卫东,唐涛,等.2007.西部地区复杂山地地震采集技术[J].天然气工业,27(SA):76-78.
赵殿栋.2015.塔里木盆地大沙漠区地震采集技术的发展及展望-可控震源地震采集技术在MGT地区的试验及应用[J].石油物探,54(4):367-375.
赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.2001.青藏高原羌塘盆地石油地质[M].北京:科学出版社,174-339.
(1)孙志华,全海燕,郑永林,等.1997,羌塘盆地西部金星湖-浩波湖地区二维地震勘探工程报告.北京:中石油石油物探局第四地质调查处.
(2)孙志华,全海燕,郑永林,等.1998,羌塘盆地毕洛错地区二维地震勘探工程报告.北京:中国石油集团石油物探局第四地质调查处.
(3)高锐,李秋生,卢占武,2008,《青藏高原二维地震反射剖面试验研究》成果报告.北京:中国地质科学院.