叠前AVAZ裂缝预测技术在车排子凸起的应用
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摘要
近几年裂缝型油气藏越来越受到人们的重视,车排子凸起东翼石炭系发育高角度、高密度的火山岩裂缝储层。首先开展叠前P波反射系数的各向异性理论分析,然后结合工区特点进行裂缝地震响应正演模拟,并在此基础上对叠前地震资料进行方位角道集的划分,最后使用AVAZ裂缝预测技术完成裂缝空间展布特征预测。裂缝发育密度和方向预测结果与研究区成像测井资料具有良好的一致性,为该区今后的油气勘探与开发奠定了基础,也为车排子凸起其他地区的裂缝储层预测提供了技术思路。
In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to fractured oil and gas reservoirs.Carboniferous volcanic fractured reservoirs were well developed in the east part of Chepaizi Uplift.Conventional methods can hardly predict this kind of reservoirs.We demonstrate in this paper our prediction with the amplitude variation with azimuth(AVAZ)to solve the problem.First the anisotropy of reflection coefficient of prestack P-wave is analyzed.Then the forward modeling of seismic response of fractures is carried out in combination with characteristics of the working area.On this basis,azimuth gathers of prestack seismic data are divided.Finally the fracture spatial distribution characteristics is predicted with AVAZ.The predicted fracture density and direction are in good agreement with logging data in the study area,which lays a foundation for the future exploration and development in this area,and also provides technical references for the fracture reservoir prediction in similar areas.
In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to fractured oil and gas reservoirs.Carboniferous volcanic fractured reservoirs were well developed in the east part of Chepaizi Uplift.Conventional methods can hardly predict this kind of reservoirs.We demonstrate in this paper our prediction with the amplitude variation with azimuth(AVAZ)to solve the problem.First the anisotropy of reflection coefficient of prestack P-wave is analyzed.Then the forward modeling of seismic response of fractures is carried out in combination with characteristics of the working area.On this basis,azimuth gathers of prestack seismic data are divided.Finally the fracture spatial distribution characteristics is predicted with AVAZ.The predicted fracture density and direction are in good agreement with logging data in the study area,which lays a foundation for the future exploration and development in this area,and also provides technical references for the fracture reservoir prediction in similar areas.
引文
[1] 黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602-1606.HUANG Weichuan,YANG Changchun,WANG Yanfei.The application of pre-stack seismic data in predicting the fractured reservoir[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(5):1602-1606.
[2] 张凤莲,曹国银,李玉清,等.地震属性分析技术在松辽北徐东地区火山岩裂缝中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):12-14.ZHANG Fenglian,CAO Guoyin,LI Yuqing,et al.Seismic property analysis in the application of the lava crack research at the area of Xudong in Songbei[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(2):12-14.
[3] 张军林,田世澄,郑多明,等.裂缝型储层地震属性预测方法研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(3):79-84.ZHANG Junlin,TIAN Shicheng,ZHENG Duoming,et al.Seismic attribute prediction method for fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(3):79-84.
[4] Mallick S,Craft K,Meister L,et al.Determination of the principle direction of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):692-707.
[5] 曲寿利,季玉新,王鑫,等.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):390-397.QU Shouli,JI Yuxin,WANG Xin,et al.Seismic me-thod for using full-azimuth P wave attribution to detect fracture[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(4):390-397.
[6] 郭凯,范乐元,李洋,等.阿姆河右岸H区块致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝综合预测[J].石油物探,2019,58(1):112-122.GUO Kai,FAN Leyuan,LI Yang,et al.Comprehensive prediction of fracture of tight carbonate reservoir in the H Block of Amu Darya Right Bank,Turkmeni-stan[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2019,58(1):112-122.
[7] Craft K L,Mallick S,Meister L J,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy analysis from P wave seismic traveltime data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1997,16:1214-1217.
[8] Schoenberg M and Douma J.Elastic wave propagation in media with parallel fractures and aligned cracks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1988,36(5):571-590.
[9] 商丰凯,陈林,王林,等.车排子凸起火山岩油藏成藏主控因素和模式[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(5):1-12.SHANG Fengkai,CHEN Lin,WANG Lin,et al.Main controlling factor and hydrocarbon accumulation modes of volcanic rock oil reservoirs in Chepaizi uplift[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(5):1-12.
[10] 王振奇,郑勇,支东明,等.车排子地区石炭系油气成藏模式[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):21-25.WANG Zhenqi,ZHENG Yong,ZHI Dongming,et al.Hydrocabon accumulation patterns of Carboniferous formation in Chepaizi area [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(2):21-25.
[11] 周霞,李海涛.断裂系统与油气成藏关系研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(4):417-424.ZHOU Xia,LI Haitao.Study on the relationship between fault system and hydrocarbon accumulation:Case study of Shawan Formation of Chepaizi Area,Junggar Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(4):417-424.
[12] 于宝利,刘万辉,刘新利,等.准噶尔盆地车排子地区新近系油气成藏控制因素及富集规律[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):50-53.YU Baoli,LIU Wanhui,LIU Xinli,et al.Controlling factor and concentration rule of Neogene reservoir genesis in Chepaizi area of Jungar basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S1):50-53.
[13] Ruger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-721.
[14] 夏振宇,王子瑄,汪勇,等.利用AVAZ技术预测变质岩裂缝的方法及效果分析——以大民屯变质岩潜山裂缝为例[J].工程地球物理学报,2015,12(5):597-603.XIA Zhenyu,WANG Zixuan,Wang Yong.The application of AVAZ method to metamorphic fracture prediction and its effect analysis taking the fracture of Damintun metamorphic buried hill as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2015,12(5):597-603.
[15] 刘喜武,董宁,刘宇巍.裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):210-217.LIU Xiwu,DONG Ning,LIU Yuwei.Progress on frequency-dependent AVAZ inversion for characterization of fractured porous media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):210-217.
[16] 孙炜,何治亮,李玉凤,等.改进的方位各向异性裂缝预测方法及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(6):1170-1178.SUN Wei,HE Zhiliang,LI Yufeng,et al.An improved method of fracture prediction based on P-wave aniso-tropy and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(6):1170-1178.
[17] 赵建儒,曹雪莲,白军,等.储层预测技术在鸭西、柳沟庄地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):59-65.ZHAO Jianru,CAO Xuelian,BAI Jun,et al.Reservoir predictions in Yaxi and Liugouzhuang areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):59-65.
[18] 熊晓军,简世凯,李翔,等.基于标准差统计的窄方位角叠前裂缝预测方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):114-120.XIONG Xiaojun,JIAN Shikai,LI Xiang,et al.Fracture prediction on prestack narrow azimuth data with standard deviation statistics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):114-120.
[19] 赵晓燕,王秀玲,杨宏伟.埕北凹陷老292潜山裂缝性储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):737-740.ZHAO Xiaoyan,WANG Xiuling,YANG Hongwei.Fractured reservoirs prediction method for Lao 292 buried hill in Chengbei Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(5):737-740.
[20] 宋志峰,石万忠,孔敏,等.三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷卡拉岗组裂缝带预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):714-719.SONG Zhifeng,SHI Wanzhong,KONG Min,et al.Fracture zone prediction for the the Kalagang Formation in the Malang Depression,Santanghu Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(5):714-719.
[21] 龚明平,张军华,王延光,等.分方位地震勘探研究现状及进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(3):642-658.GONG Mingping,ZHANG Junhua,WANG Yanguang,et al.Current situations and recent progress in different azimuths seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(3):642-658.
[22] 王震,邓光校,文欢,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩叠前裂缝预测技术应用分析[J].工程地球物理学报,2018,15(1):65-72.WANG Zhen,DENG Guangxiao,WEN Huan,et al.The application of pre-stack fracture prediction technique in Tahe oilfield carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2018,15(1):65-72.
[2] 张凤莲,曹国银,李玉清,等.地震属性分析技术在松辽北徐东地区火山岩裂缝中的应用[J].大庆石油学院学报,2007,31(2):12-14.ZHANG Fenglian,CAO Guoyin,LI Yuqing,et al.Seismic property analysis in the application of the lava crack research at the area of Xudong in Songbei[J].Journal of Daqing Petroleum Institute,2007,31(2):12-14.
[3] 张军林,田世澄,郑多明,等.裂缝型储层地震属性预测方法研究与应用[J].石油天然气学报,2013,35(3):79-84.ZHANG Junlin,TIAN Shicheng,ZHENG Duoming,et al.Seismic attribute prediction method for fractured reservoirs[J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2013,35(3):79-84.
[4] Mallick S,Craft K,Meister L,et al.Determination of the principle direction of azimuthal anisotropy from P-wave seismic data[J].Geophysics,1998,63(2):692-707.
[5] 曲寿利,季玉新,王鑫,等.全方位P波属性裂缝检测方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(4):390-397.QU Shouli,JI Yuxin,WANG Xin,et al.Seismic me-thod for using full-azimuth P wave attribution to detect fracture[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(4):390-397.
[6] 郭凯,范乐元,李洋,等.阿姆河右岸H区块致密碳酸盐岩储层裂缝综合预测[J].石油物探,2019,58(1):112-122.GUO Kai,FAN Leyuan,LI Yang,et al.Comprehensive prediction of fracture of tight carbonate reservoir in the H Block of Amu Darya Right Bank,Turkmeni-stan[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2019,58(1):112-122.
[7] Craft K L,Mallick S,Meister L J,et al.Azimuthal anisotropy analysis from P wave seismic traveltime data[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1997,16:1214-1217.
[8] Schoenberg M and Douma J.Elastic wave propagation in media with parallel fractures and aligned cracks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1988,36(5):571-590.
[9] 商丰凯,陈林,王林,等.车排子凸起火山岩油藏成藏主控因素和模式[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(5):1-12.SHANG Fengkai,CHEN Lin,WANG Lin,et al.Main controlling factor and hydrocarbon accumulation modes of volcanic rock oil reservoirs in Chepaizi uplift[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(5):1-12.
[10] 王振奇,郑勇,支东明,等.车排子地区石炭系油气成藏模式[J].石油天然气学报,2010,32(2):21-25.WANG Zhenqi,ZHENG Yong,ZHI Dongming,et al.Hydrocabon accumulation patterns of Carboniferous formation in Chepaizi area [J].Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2010,32(2):21-25.
[11] 周霞,李海涛.断裂系统与油气成藏关系研究[J].石油物探,2011,50(4):417-424.ZHOU Xia,LI Haitao.Study on the relationship between fault system and hydrocarbon accumulation:Case study of Shawan Formation of Chepaizi Area,Junggar Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(4):417-424.
[12] 于宝利,刘万辉,刘新利,等.准噶尔盆地车排子地区新近系油气成藏控制因素及富集规律[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(增刊1):50-53.YU Baoli,LIU Wanhui,LIU Xinli,et al.Controlling factor and concentration rule of Neogene reservoir genesis in Chepaizi area of Jungar basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(S1):50-53.
[13] Ruger A.P-wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry[J].Geophysics,1997,62(3):713-721.
[14] 夏振宇,王子瑄,汪勇,等.利用AVAZ技术预测变质岩裂缝的方法及效果分析——以大民屯变质岩潜山裂缝为例[J].工程地球物理学报,2015,12(5):597-603.XIA Zhenyu,WANG Zixuan,Wang Yong.The application of AVAZ method to metamorphic fracture prediction and its effect analysis taking the fracture of Damintun metamorphic buried hill as an example[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2015,12(5):597-603.
[15] 刘喜武,董宁,刘宇巍.裂缝性孔隙介质频变AVAZ反演方法研究进展[J].石油物探,2015,54(2):210-217.LIU Xiwu,DONG Ning,LIU Yuwei.Progress on frequency-dependent AVAZ inversion for characterization of fractured porous media[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(2):210-217.
[16] 孙炜,何治亮,李玉凤,等.改进的方位各向异性裂缝预测方法及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(6):1170-1178.SUN Wei,HE Zhiliang,LI Yufeng,et al.An improved method of fracture prediction based on P-wave aniso-tropy and its application[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(6):1170-1178.
[17] 赵建儒,曹雪莲,白军,等.储层预测技术在鸭西、柳沟庄地区的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(增刊1):59-65.ZHAO Jianru,CAO Xuelian,BAI Jun,et al.Reservoir predictions in Yaxi and Liugouzhuang areas[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(S1):59-65.
[18] 熊晓军,简世凯,李翔,等.基于标准差统计的窄方位角叠前裂缝预测方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):114-120.XIONG Xiaojun,JIAN Shikai,LI Xiang,et al.Fracture prediction on prestack narrow azimuth data with standard deviation statistics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(1):114-120.
[19] 赵晓燕,王秀玲,杨宏伟.埕北凹陷老292潜山裂缝性储层预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):737-740.ZHAO Xiaoyan,WANG Xiuling,YANG Hongwei.Fractured reservoirs prediction method for Lao 292 buried hill in Chengbei Depression[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(5):737-740.
[20] 宋志峰,石万忠,孔敏,等.三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷卡拉岗组裂缝带预测[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(5):714-719.SONG Zhifeng,SHI Wanzhong,KONG Min,et al.Fracture zone prediction for the the Kalagang Formation in the Malang Depression,Santanghu Basin[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(5):714-719.
[21] 龚明平,张军华,王延光,等.分方位地震勘探研究现状及进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(3):642-658.GONG Mingping,ZHANG Junhua,WANG Yanguang,et al.Current situations and recent progress in different azimuths seismic exploration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2018,53(3):642-658.
[22] 王震,邓光校,文欢,等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩叠前裂缝预测技术应用分析[J].工程地球物理学报,2018,15(1):65-72.WANG Zhen,DENG Guangxiao,WEN Huan,et al.The application of pre-stack fracture prediction technique in Tahe oilfield carbonate reservoirs[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2018,15(1):65-72.