文献阅读中如何寻找科学问题——以构造变形研究为例
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摘要
论文选题是科学研究中一个非常重要的环节,应引起学者的广泛重视,但是部分科研人员的论文题目存在重复,或说无重大的科学性,同时也有部分研究人员不知道如何去寻找合适的科学问题。本文通过大量构造变形研究的中、英文文献的阅读,洞察了前人在科学问题上的把握,分析结果表明:一是科学问题的选择应具有前瞻性;二是阅读文献寻找科学问题需要具有敏锐的洞察力;三是认真阅读并研究引言部分,方能取得事半功倍的效果。
The topic selection of the paper is a very important link in scientific research,which should be paid more and more attention to by scholars,but the topics of some researchers are duplicated,or there is no significant scientific nature.At the same time,some researchers do not know how to find the right scientific problems.Through the reading of a large number of Chinese and English literature on tectonic deformation,this paper has an insight into the predecessors' grasp of scientific issues.The analysis results show that:first,the choice of scientific problems should be forward-looking;the second is to read the literature to find scientific problems need to have a keen insight;third is to carefully read and study the introduction in order to achieve the result with half the effort.
The topic selection of the paper is a very important link in scientific research,which should be paid more and more attention to by scholars,but the topics of some researchers are duplicated,or there is no significant scientific nature.At the same time,some researchers do not know how to find the right scientific problems.Through the reading of a large number of Chinese and English literature on tectonic deformation,this paper has an insight into the predecessors' grasp of scientific issues.The analysis results show that:first,the choice of scientific problems should be forward-looking;the second is to read the literature to find scientific problems need to have a keen insight;third is to carefully read and study the introduction in order to achieve the result with half the effort.
引文
[1]刘文霞.论科学研究中的“科学问题”[J].北京科技大学学报,2003,19(1):60-62.
[2]毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第一卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1969.
[3]Holden,L.,Hauge,R.,Skare,O.&Skorstad,A.1998.Modeling of fluvial reservoirs with object models[J]. Mathematical Geology,1998(30):473-496.
[4]Bonini,M.Deformation patterns and structural vergence in brittle-ductile thrust wedges:An additional analogue modelling perspective[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29(1):141-158.
[5]Bonini M,Sokoutis D,Mulugeta G,et al. Modelling hanging wall accommodation above rigid thrust ramps[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22(8):1165-1179.
[6]Bonini,M.,F.SANI AND B.ANTONIELLI,et al.Basin inversion and contractional reactivation of inherited normal faults:A review based on previous and new experimental models[J].Tectonophysics,2012,(522-523):55-88.
[7]Bonini M.Passive roof thrusting and forelandward fold propagation in scaled brittle-ductile physical models of thrust wedges[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B2):2291-2311.
[8]Bonini M.Detachment folding,fold amplification and diapirism in thrust wedge experiments[J].Tectonics,2003, 22(6):1-11.
[9]Banks and Warbueton.‘‘Passive-roof’’duplex geometry in the frontal structures of the Kirthar and Sulaiman mountain belts,Pakistan[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986(8):229-237.
[10]Davis,D.M.Engelder,T.1985.The role of salt in fold-andthrust belts.Tectonophysics,1985,119:6788.
[11] Zhou J,Zhang B,Xu Q.Effects of lateral friction on the structural evolution of fold-and-thrust belts:Insights from sandbox experiments with implications for the origin of landward-vergent thrust wedges in Cascadia[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2016,128,(3/4):699-683.
[12]Tikoff B,Wojtal S F.Displacement control of geologic structures[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1999,21(8):959-967.
[13]Tikoff B.and Peterson K.Physical experiments of transpressional folding.Journal of Structural Geology,1998,20(6):661-672.
[14]Tikoff B. and Teyssier C.Strain modeling of displacement field partitioning in transpression'll orogens. Journal of Structural Geology,1994,16:1575-1588.
[15]Treagus J E and Treagus S H.Transected folds and transpression:how arc they related? Journal of Structural Geology,1992(14):361-367.
[16]McKay M E,Moore G F,Cochrane G R,et al. Landward vergence and oblique structural trends in the Oregon margin ac cretionary prism:implications and effect on fluid flow[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1992(109):477-491.
[17]Mckay M E.Structural variation and landward vergence at the toe of the Oregon accretionary prism[J]. Tectonics,1995,14(5):1309-1320.
[18]Zhou J,Xu F,Wei C, et al.Shortening of analogue models with contractive substrata:insights into the origin of purely landward-vergent thrusting wedge along the Cascadia subduction zone and the deformation evolution of Himalayan-Tibetan orogeny[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007(260):313-327.
[19]Liu S,Santosh M,Guochun Zhao G C,et al.Oblique closure of the northeastern Paleo-Tethys in central China[J].Tectonics,2015,34(3):413-434.
[20]张国伟,董云鹏,赖绍聪,等.秦岭-大别造山带南缘勉略构造带与勉略缝合带[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2003,33(12):1121-1135.
[21]张国伟,程顺有,郭安林,等.秦岭-大别中央造山系南缘勉略古缝合带的再认识——兼论中国大陆主体的拼合[J].地质通报,2004,23(9/10):846-853.
[22]张国伟,郭安林,王岳军,等.中国华南大陆构造与问题[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(10):1553-1582.
[2]毛泽东.毛泽东选集(第一卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1969.
[3]Holden,L.,Hauge,R.,Skare,O.&Skorstad,A.1998.Modeling of fluvial reservoirs with object models[J]. Mathematical Geology,1998(30):473-496.
[4]Bonini,M.Deformation patterns and structural vergence in brittle-ductile thrust wedges:An additional analogue modelling perspective[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2007,29(1):141-158.
[5]Bonini M,Sokoutis D,Mulugeta G,et al. Modelling hanging wall accommodation above rigid thrust ramps[J]. Journal of Structural Geology,2000,22(8):1165-1179.
[6]Bonini,M.,F.SANI AND B.ANTONIELLI,et al.Basin inversion and contractional reactivation of inherited normal faults:A review based on previous and new experimental models[J].Tectonophysics,2012,(522-523):55-88.
[7]Bonini M.Passive roof thrusting and forelandward fold propagation in scaled brittle-ductile physical models of thrust wedges[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(B2):2291-2311.
[8]Bonini M.Detachment folding,fold amplification and diapirism in thrust wedge experiments[J].Tectonics,2003, 22(6):1-11.
[9]Banks and Warbueton.‘‘Passive-roof’’duplex geometry in the frontal structures of the Kirthar and Sulaiman mountain belts,Pakistan[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1986(8):229-237.
[10]Davis,D.M.Engelder,T.1985.The role of salt in fold-andthrust belts.Tectonophysics,1985,119:6788.
[11] Zhou J,Zhang B,Xu Q.Effects of lateral friction on the structural evolution of fold-and-thrust belts:Insights from sandbox experiments with implications for the origin of landward-vergent thrust wedges in Cascadia[J]. Geological Society of America Bulletin,2016,128,(3/4):699-683.
[12]Tikoff B,Wojtal S F.Displacement control of geologic structures[J].Journal of Structural Geology,1999,21(8):959-967.
[13]Tikoff B.and Peterson K.Physical experiments of transpressional folding.Journal of Structural Geology,1998,20(6):661-672.
[14]Tikoff B. and Teyssier C.Strain modeling of displacement field partitioning in transpression'll orogens. Journal of Structural Geology,1994,16:1575-1588.
[15]Treagus J E and Treagus S H.Transected folds and transpression:how arc they related? Journal of Structural Geology,1992(14):361-367.
[16]McKay M E,Moore G F,Cochrane G R,et al. Landward vergence and oblique structural trends in the Oregon margin ac cretionary prism:implications and effect on fluid flow[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1992(109):477-491.
[17]Mckay M E.Structural variation and landward vergence at the toe of the Oregon accretionary prism[J]. Tectonics,1995,14(5):1309-1320.
[18]Zhou J,Xu F,Wei C, et al.Shortening of analogue models with contractive substrata:insights into the origin of purely landward-vergent thrusting wedge along the Cascadia subduction zone and the deformation evolution of Himalayan-Tibetan orogeny[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007(260):313-327.
[19]Liu S,Santosh M,Guochun Zhao G C,et al.Oblique closure of the northeastern Paleo-Tethys in central China[J].Tectonics,2015,34(3):413-434.
[20]张国伟,董云鹏,赖绍聪,等.秦岭-大别造山带南缘勉略构造带与勉略缝合带[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2003,33(12):1121-1135.
[21]张国伟,程顺有,郭安林,等.秦岭-大别中央造山系南缘勉略古缝合带的再认识——兼论中国大陆主体的拼合[J].地质通报,2004,23(9/10):846-853.
[22]张国伟,郭安林,王岳军,等.中国华南大陆构造与问题[J].中国科学(地球科学),2013,43(10):1553-1582.