甬江溪口段宽鳍鱲的种群结构及繁殖力初步研究
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摘要
利用鱼类种群调研法,于2015年8月至2016年4月在甬江溪口段收集宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)个体样本,研究该区域宽鳍鱲种群的年龄组成、性比、个体大小以及繁殖力等种群结构生物学特征。结果表明:(1)调查期间甬江溪口段宽鳍鱲种群由3个年龄组组成,其中2龄为优势年龄组;雄性个体中2龄组占雄体总数的55.5%,雌性个体中的2龄组占雌体总数的63%;(2)宽鳍鱲全长(L)的分布区间为7.0～14.0 cm,8.0～12.0 cm的个体占总数的87.83%;(3)体重(W)分布范围为4.0～36.0 g,其中体重5.0～13.0 g的个体占总个体数的72.75%;(4)根据不同性别(性别难辨、雌、雄、群体)拟合体重与体长的幂函数关系式:W_(ui)=1×10~(-4)L~(2.4917)、W_♀=2×10~(-5)L~(2.9337)、W_♂=3×10~(-5)L~(2.8471)和W=4×10~(-5)L~(2.8035);(5)雌雄个体比例127∶238与理论值1∶1存在极显著差异(P<0.01);(6)重量法计数得出种群个体的绝对繁殖力平均值为(2 850.39±2 107.49)粒,分布区间为532.00～13 717.89粒,其中1 000～3 000粒占绝对优势(65.12%);个体体长相对繁殖力为(354.39±234.47)粒/cm,分布区间74.93～1 541.34粒/cm;体重相对繁殖力平均值为(363.73±178.55)粒/g,分布区间为91.25～1 027.56粒/g;比较了国内外不同地区间宽鳍鱲种群结构和繁殖力的异同。
Zacco platypus is an important economic species in the Yongjiang River, Zhejiang Province. However, there are few reports on the biological characteristics and population structure of Z. platypus. This article analyzes the population structure of Z. platypus in the Xikou section of Yongjiang River, focusing on age composition, sex ratio, body volume and fecundity and compares the structures of Z. platypus population from different areas. The study will supplement the biological baseline of the natural Z. platypus population and provide reference for the conservation and reasonable exploration of the natural Z. platypus germplasm resources. A total of 411 Z. platypus specimens were collected in the Xikou section of Yongjiang River from August 2015 to April 2016. The total length, body length and weight of the specimens were measured in situ, scales and gonads were collected for age and sex identification, and 43 female Z. platypus with ovaries at stage IV were selected for determination of fecundity. Results show that:(1) The Z. platypus population was composed of three age groups, dominated by 2-year-olds that accounted for 55.5% of the males and 63% of females.(2) The range of body length(L) was 7.0-14.0 cm and the group 8.0-12.0 cm accounted for 87.83%.(3) The range of body weight(W) was 4.0-36.0 g and the group 5.0-13.0 g accounted for 72.75%.(4) The body length-weight relationship for different groups were as follows: W_(ui)=1×10~(-4)L~(2.4917), W_♀=2×10~(-5)L~(2.9337), W_♂ = 3×10~(-5)L~(2.8471) and W=4×10~(-5)L~(2.8035).(5) The female-male ratio was 127∶238, significantly different from the theoretical ratio 1∶1 according to the chi-square test(P<0.01).(6) The range in absolute fecundity(gravimetric method) was 532-13 717.89 eggs, with an average value of(2 850.39±2 107.49) eggs and the group with fecundity of 1 000-3 000 eggs was dominant(65.12%). The range for relative fecundity by weight was 91.25-1 027.56 eggs/g and, by length, 74.93-1 541.34 eggs/cm, with average values of(363.73±178.55) eggs/g and(354.39±234.47) eggs/cm. The age composition and sex ratio of the Z. platypus population in Yongjiang River were in good agreement with those of Z. platypus populations in and out of China.
Zacco platypus is an important economic species in the Yongjiang River, Zhejiang Province. However, there are few reports on the biological characteristics and population structure of Z. platypus. This article analyzes the population structure of Z. platypus in the Xikou section of Yongjiang River, focusing on age composition, sex ratio, body volume and fecundity and compares the structures of Z. platypus population from different areas. The study will supplement the biological baseline of the natural Z. platypus population and provide reference for the conservation and reasonable exploration of the natural Z. platypus germplasm resources. A total of 411 Z. platypus specimens were collected in the Xikou section of Yongjiang River from August 2015 to April 2016. The total length, body length and weight of the specimens were measured in situ, scales and gonads were collected for age and sex identification, and 43 female Z. platypus with ovaries at stage IV were selected for determination of fecundity. Results show that:(1) The Z. platypus population was composed of three age groups, dominated by 2-year-olds that accounted for 55.5% of the males and 63% of females.(2) The range of body length(L) was 7.0-14.0 cm and the group 8.0-12.0 cm accounted for 87.83%.(3) The range of body weight(W) was 4.0-36.0 g and the group 5.0-13.0 g accounted for 72.75%.(4) The body length-weight relationship for different groups were as follows: W_(ui)=1×10~(-4)L~(2.4917), W_♀=2×10~(-5)L~(2.9337), W_♂ = 3×10~(-5)L~(2.8471) and W=4×10~(-5)L~(2.8035).(5) The female-male ratio was 127∶238, significantly different from the theoretical ratio 1∶1 according to the chi-square test(P<0.01).(6) The range in absolute fecundity(gravimetric method) was 532-13 717.89 eggs, with an average value of(2 850.39±2 107.49) eggs and the group with fecundity of 1 000-3 000 eggs was dominant(65.12%). The range for relative fecundity by weight was 91.25-1 027.56 eggs/g and, by length, 74.93-1 541.34 eggs/cm, with average values of(363.73±178.55) eggs/g and(354.39±234.47) eggs/cm. The age composition and sex ratio of the Z. platypus population in Yongjiang River were in good agreement with those of Z. platypus populations in and out of China.
引文
包薇红,杨国靖,滕丽华,等, 2013. 甬江干流水体主要理化因子的时空变化及水质评价[J]. 华南农业大学学报, 34(3):324-329.
曹立文,赵俊,陈湘麟, 2001. 南水水库鲂鱼繁殖生物学研究[J]. 韶关学院学报(自然科学版), 22(9):118-122.
陈宜瑜, 1998. 中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲:鲤形目(中卷)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
陈永祥,罗泉笙,1995. 乌江上游四川裂腹鱼繁殖力的研究[J]. 动物学研究, 16(4):324.
杜金瑞,1963. 梁子湖黄颡鱼的繁殖和食性的研究[J]. 动物学杂志,(2):74-77.
付世建, 2011. 乌江宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)运动能力的研究[A]. 第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会论文摘要集[C]. 金华:浙江金华出版社.
黄燕,岳兴建,王芳,2011. 沱江宽体沙鳅个体生殖力的研究[J]. 四川动物, 30(6):916-920.
黄真理, 常剑波,1999. 鱼类体长与体重关系中的分形特征[J]. 水生生物学报,23(4):330-336.
孔德平, 潘晓赋, 杨君兴, 等,2005. 独龙江流域鰋鮡鱼类分布特征及其体长与体重的关系[J]. 动物学研究,26(6):632-637.
蓝昭军,赵俊,李强,2010. 北江侧条光唇鱼的个体生殖力[J]. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1(1):92-97.
李红敬,常红军,李先文,2003. 宽鳍鱲鉴定的初步探讨[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 16(3):305-306.
李红敬,谢素霞,2007. 侧条光唇鱼和宽鳍鱲的两个地理种群形态比较[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),20(2):201-203.
李强,蓝昭军,赵俊,2010. 广东北江马口鱼个体生殖力研究[J]. 四川动物,29(3):440-445.
李思发,1979. 姚江鱼类种群生态特点和鱼产力估量[J]. 水生生物学报,3(4):393-408.
梁晓旭,庆宁,杨柯林,2010. 广东地区宽鳍鱲种群遗传变异和亲缘地理[J]. 水生生物学报, 34(4):806-814.
梁正其,杨梦双,2015. 锦江河马口鱼的繁殖力及其与生物学指标关系的研究[J]. 铜仁学院学报, 17(4):24-29.
沈建忠,曹文宣,崔奕波,2001. 用鳞片和耳石鉴定鲫年龄的比较研究[J]. 水生生物学报,25(5): 462-466.
水柏年,2000. 小黄鱼个体生殖力及其变化的研究[J]. 浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 19(1):58-69.
水柏年, 2015. 鱼类学[M]. 上海: 同济大学出版社.
苏锦祥, 1993. 鱼类学与海水鱼类养殖[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社:311-312.
王雪辉, 杜飞雁, 邱永松,2006. 南海北部主要经济鱼类体长与体重关系[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 25(2):262-266.
项秀颖,储玲,周瑞龙,2009. 黄山浦溪河宽鳍鱲的年龄和生长[J]. 淡水渔业,39(6):10-15.
肖海,代应贵,2010. 北盘江光唇裂腹鱼个体繁殖力的研究[J]. 水生态学杂志, 3(3):64-70.
肖调义,章怀云,王晓清,2003. 洞庭湖黄颡鱼生物学特性[J]. 动物学杂志, 38(5):83-88.
邢迎春,2006. 基于细胞色素b基因对宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)在中国东部系统演化的探讨[A]. 中国海洋湖沼动物学会鱼类学分会第七届会员代表大会暨朱元鼎教授诞辰110周年庆学术研讨会学术论文摘要集[C]. 北京:中国动物学会.
邢迎春,赵亚辉,张洁,等,2007. 北京地区宽鳍鱲的生长及食性[J]. 动物学报,53(6):982-993.
邢迎春,赵亚辉,李高岩,2011. 北京地区宽鳍鱲的早期发育[J]. 水生生物学报, 35(5):808-816.
徐伟毅,刘跃天,冷云,2006. 云南裂腹鱼繁殖生物学研究[J]. 水利渔业, 26(2):32-33.严云志,郭丽丽,陶捐,2007. 黄山浮溪、香溪和浦溪上游鱼类资源现状的调查研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 24(3):41-44.
严云志,闫莉莉,储玲, 等,2012. 徽水河宽鳍鱲的年龄、生长和繁殖[J]. 水生生物学报, 36(3):474-481.
杨代勤,陈芳,方长琰,1999. 月鳢年龄与生长的研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 6(3):11-14.
殷名称,1993. 太湖似刺鳊鮈年龄和生长的研究[J]. 生态学报, 13(1):38-44.
殷名称,1995. 鱼类生态学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
张健东,2002. 中华乌塘鳢的生长、生长模型和生活史类型[J]. 生态学报, 22(6):841-846.
张乐,李皎,丁悦秀,2012. 黄颡鱼个体繁殖力的研究[J]. 安徽农学通报, 18(11):164-167.
张学健,程家骅,2009. 鱼类年龄鉴定研究概况[J]. 海洋渔业,31(1):92-99.
Baker S C, Heidinger R C, 1994. Individual and relative fecundity of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) in Baldwin cooling pond[J]. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 87(3): 145-150.
Kang H, Hur J W, Park D, 2017. The effects of cold water released from dams on Zacco platypus gonad maturation in the Nakdong River, South Korea[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(4):1473-1483.
Katano O, Hosoya K, Iguchi K, et al, 2003. Species diversity and abundance of freshwater fishes in irrigation ditches around rice fields[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 66(1):107-121.
Shine R,1989. Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence[J]. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 64(4): 419-461.
Von Bertalanffy L, 1938. Aquantitative theory of organic growth[J]. Human Biology, 10(2): 181-213.
曹立文,赵俊,陈湘麟, 2001. 南水水库鲂鱼繁殖生物学研究[J]. 韶关学院学报(自然科学版), 22(9):118-122.
陈宜瑜, 1998. 中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲:鲤形目(中卷)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社.
陈永祥,罗泉笙,1995. 乌江上游四川裂腹鱼繁殖力的研究[J]. 动物学研究, 16(4):324.
杜金瑞,1963. 梁子湖黄颡鱼的繁殖和食性的研究[J]. 动物学杂志,(2):74-77.
付世建, 2011. 乌江宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)运动能力的研究[A]. 第七届全国野生动物生态与资源保护学术研讨会论文摘要集[C]. 金华:浙江金华出版社.
黄燕,岳兴建,王芳,2011. 沱江宽体沙鳅个体生殖力的研究[J]. 四川动物, 30(6):916-920.
黄真理, 常剑波,1999. 鱼类体长与体重关系中的分形特征[J]. 水生生物学报,23(4):330-336.
孔德平, 潘晓赋, 杨君兴, 等,2005. 独龙江流域鰋鮡鱼类分布特征及其体长与体重的关系[J]. 动物学研究,26(6):632-637.
蓝昭军,赵俊,李强,2010. 北江侧条光唇鱼的个体生殖力[J]. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 1(1):92-97.
李红敬,常红军,李先文,2003. 宽鳍鱲鉴定的初步探讨[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 16(3):305-306.
李红敬,谢素霞,2007. 侧条光唇鱼和宽鳍鱲的两个地理种群形态比较[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版),20(2):201-203.
李强,蓝昭军,赵俊,2010. 广东北江马口鱼个体生殖力研究[J]. 四川动物,29(3):440-445.
李思发,1979. 姚江鱼类种群生态特点和鱼产力估量[J]. 水生生物学报,3(4):393-408.
梁晓旭,庆宁,杨柯林,2010. 广东地区宽鳍鱲种群遗传变异和亲缘地理[J]. 水生生物学报, 34(4):806-814.
梁正其,杨梦双,2015. 锦江河马口鱼的繁殖力及其与生物学指标关系的研究[J]. 铜仁学院学报, 17(4):24-29.
沈建忠,曹文宣,崔奕波,2001. 用鳞片和耳石鉴定鲫年龄的比较研究[J]. 水生生物学报,25(5): 462-466.
水柏年,2000. 小黄鱼个体生殖力及其变化的研究[J]. 浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 19(1):58-69.
水柏年, 2015. 鱼类学[M]. 上海: 同济大学出版社.
苏锦祥, 1993. 鱼类学与海水鱼类养殖[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社:311-312.
王雪辉, 杜飞雁, 邱永松,2006. 南海北部主要经济鱼类体长与体重关系[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 25(2):262-266.
项秀颖,储玲,周瑞龙,2009. 黄山浦溪河宽鳍鱲的年龄和生长[J]. 淡水渔业,39(6):10-15.
肖海,代应贵,2010. 北盘江光唇裂腹鱼个体繁殖力的研究[J]. 水生态学杂志, 3(3):64-70.
肖调义,章怀云,王晓清,2003. 洞庭湖黄颡鱼生物学特性[J]. 动物学杂志, 38(5):83-88.
邢迎春,2006. 基于细胞色素b基因对宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)在中国东部系统演化的探讨[A]. 中国海洋湖沼动物学会鱼类学分会第七届会员代表大会暨朱元鼎教授诞辰110周年庆学术研讨会学术论文摘要集[C]. 北京:中国动物学会.
邢迎春,赵亚辉,张洁,等,2007. 北京地区宽鳍鱲的生长及食性[J]. 动物学报,53(6):982-993.
邢迎春,赵亚辉,李高岩,2011. 北京地区宽鳍鱲的早期发育[J]. 水生生物学报, 35(5):808-816.
徐伟毅,刘跃天,冷云,2006. 云南裂腹鱼繁殖生物学研究[J]. 水利渔业, 26(2):32-33.严云志,郭丽丽,陶捐,2007. 黄山浮溪、香溪和浦溪上游鱼类资源现状的调查研究[J]. 生物学杂志, 24(3):41-44.
严云志,闫莉莉,储玲, 等,2012. 徽水河宽鳍鱲的年龄、生长和繁殖[J]. 水生生物学报, 36(3):474-481.
杨代勤,陈芳,方长琰,1999. 月鳢年龄与生长的研究[J]. 中国水产科学, 6(3):11-14.
殷名称,1993. 太湖似刺鳊鮈年龄和生长的研究[J]. 生态学报, 13(1):38-44.
殷名称,1995. 鱼类生态学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社.
张健东,2002. 中华乌塘鳢的生长、生长模型和生活史类型[J]. 生态学报, 22(6):841-846.
张乐,李皎,丁悦秀,2012. 黄颡鱼个体繁殖力的研究[J]. 安徽农学通报, 18(11):164-167.
张学健,程家骅,2009. 鱼类年龄鉴定研究概况[J]. 海洋渔业,31(1):92-99.
Baker S C, Heidinger R C, 1994. Individual and relative fecundity of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) in Baldwin cooling pond[J]. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science, 87(3): 145-150.
Kang H, Hur J W, Park D, 2017. The effects of cold water released from dams on Zacco platypus gonad maturation in the Nakdong River, South Korea[J]. Journal of Civil Engineering, 21(4):1473-1483.
Katano O, Hosoya K, Iguchi K, et al, 2003. Species diversity and abundance of freshwater fishes in irrigation ditches around rice fields[J]. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 66(1):107-121.
Shine R,1989. Ecological causes for the evolution of sexual dimorphism: a review of the evidence[J]. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 64(4): 419-461.
Von Bertalanffy L, 1938. Aquantitative theory of organic growth[J]. Human Biology, 10(2): 181-213.