植物多样性对亚热带森林土壤微生物群落的影响
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摘要
植物群落组成的改变能够直接或间接地影响土壤生态过程并调节参与这些过程的土壤生物,树种特性和多样性是影响土壤微生物多样性和群落结构的关键因素。本项目利用江西新岗山建立的中国亚热带森林生物多样性与生态系统功能(Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China)BEF-China研究平台,观测了样方水平下不同多样性组成(单物种、2物种、4物种和8物种)对土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明:在森林生态系统演替初期,植物多样性的改变对土壤微生物群落结构具有显著影响,在不同多样性水平处理下,微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量随着植物多样性的增加,表现出先升高后降低的趋势,但各类群微生物磷脂脂肪酸含量并未表现出对植物多样性的明显响应。其中,土壤和凋落物的理化指标能够分别解释微生物群落结构变异的28.4%和12.3%。森林生态系统较高的异质性和地下生态过程响应的滞后性,导致了土壤微生物对植物多样性组成的响应需要较长时间才能显现出来,因此,为了更好地评价地上生物多样性与生态系统功能的关联,应长期监测森林生态系统多样性组成对地下生态过程的影响。
Changes of plant diversity and composition can directly or indirectly influence soil ecological processes. Tree species traits and diversity are important driving factors for soil microbial community. Based on Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China(BEF-China) in Xingangshan of Jiangxi Province,we investigated the microbial community composition in four diversity treatments(mono species,2 species,4 species,and 8 species) by phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) method. Our results showed that the soil microbial community structure differed significantly among different plant diversity treatments. The microbial total PLFA increased with the increases of plant diversity from mono species to 4 species,and then decreased at the 8 species treatment. Soil properties explained 28. 4% of the variation in microbial community structure,while litter properties explained 12. 3% of the total variation. However,the subgroup PLFAs of microbial community showed no significant variation due to the higher heterogeneity in the forest ecosystem and the response lag of belowground ecological processes. Therefore,the effects of plant diversity gradient on the belowground subsystem are needed to be monitored in the long term,in order to accurately evaluate the relations between the aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem function.
Changes of plant diversity and composition can directly or indirectly influence soil ecological processes. Tree species traits and diversity are important driving factors for soil microbial community. Based on Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning Experiment China(BEF-China) in Xingangshan of Jiangxi Province,we investigated the microbial community composition in four diversity treatments(mono species,2 species,4 species,and 8 species) by phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA) method. Our results showed that the soil microbial community structure differed significantly among different plant diversity treatments. The microbial total PLFA increased with the increases of plant diversity from mono species to 4 species,and then decreased at the 8 species treatment. Soil properties explained 28. 4% of the variation in microbial community structure,while litter properties explained 12. 3% of the total variation. However,the subgroup PLFAs of microbial community showed no significant variation due to the higher heterogeneity in the forest ecosystem and the response lag of belowground ecological processes. Therefore,the effects of plant diversity gradient on the belowground subsystem are needed to be monitored in the long term,in order to accurately evaluate the relations between the aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem function.
引文
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李川,林琳,万金忠,等.2017.乳化微米Fe/Cu降解有机氯农药污染土壤过程中微生物群落变化特征.生态与农村环境学报,33(2):181-187.
马克平.2013.生物多样性与生态系统功能的实验研究.生物多样性,21(3):247-248.
张丹桔,张健,杨万勤,等.2013.一个年龄序列巨桉人工林植物和土壤生物多样性.生态学报,33(13):3947-3962.
Bardgett RD,Wardle DA.2010.Aboveground-belowground Linkages:Biotic Interactions,Ecosystem Processes,and Global change.Oxford series in ecology and evolution.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
B9hnke M,Kreiig N,Kr9ber W,et al.2012.Wood trait-environment relationships in a secondary forest succession in South-East China.Trees,26:641-651.
Bruelheide H,Nadrowski K,Assmann T,et al.2014.Designing forest biodiversity experiments:General considerations illustrated by a new large experiment in subtropical China.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,5:4-89.
Carney KM,Matson PA.2005.Plant communities,soil microorganisms,and soil carbon cycling:Does altering the world belowground matter to ecosystem functioning?Ecosystems,8:928-940.
De Deyn GB,van der Putten WH.2005.Linking aboveground and belowground diversity.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,20:625-633.
Eisenhauer N,Reich PB,Scheu S.2012.Increasing plant diversity effects on productivity with time due to delayed soil biota effects on plants.Basic and Applied Ecology,13:571-578.
Frostegrd,Tunlid A,Bth E.2011.Use and misuse of PL-FA measurements in soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43:1621-1625.
Johnson D,Booth RE,Whiteley AS,et al.2003.Plant community composition affects the biomass,activity and diversity of microorganisms in limestone grassland soil.European Journal of Soil Science,54:671-677.
Li Q,Yang Y,Bao XL,et al.2015.Legacy effects of elevated ozone on soil biota and plant growth.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,91:50-57.
Liu ZF,Liu GH,Fu BJ,et al.2008.Relationship between plant species diversity and soil microbial functional diversity along a longitudinal gradient in temperate grasslands of Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia,China.Ecological Research,23:511-518.
Loranger-Merciris G,Barthes L,Gastine A,et al.2006.Rapid effects of plant species diversity and identity on soil microbial communities in experimental grassland ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38:2336-2343.
Maron JL,Marler M,Klironomos JN,et al.2011.Soil fungal pathogens and the relationship between plant diversity and productivity.Ecology Letters,14:36-41.
Meyer ST,Ebeling A,Eisenhauer N,et al.2016.Effects of biodiversity strengthen over time as ecosystem functioning declines at low and increases at high biodiversity.Ecosphere,7:1-14.
Milcu A,Partsch S,Langel R,et al.2006.The response of decomposers(earthworms,springtails and microorganisms)to variations in species and functional group diversity of plants.Oikos,112:513-524.
Nadrowski K,Wirth C,Scherer-Lorenzen M.2010.Is forest diversity driving ecosystem function and service?Environmental Sustainability,2:1-5.
Ren CJ,Zhang W,Zhong ZK,et al.2018.Differential responses of soil microbial biomass,diversity,and compositions to altitudinal gradients depend on plant and soil characteristics.Science of the Total Environment,610-611:750-758.
Ravenek JM,Bessler H,Engels C,et al.2014.Long-term study of root biomass in a biodiversity experiment reveals shifts in diversity effects over time.Oikos,123:1528-1536.
Scheibe A,Steffens C,Seven J,et al.2015.Effects of tree identity dominate over tree diversity on the soil microbial community structure.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,81:219-227.
Schnitzer SA,Klironomos JN,Hillerislambers J,et al.2011.Soil microbes drive the classic plant diversity-productivity pattern.Ecology,92:296-303.
Wardle DA.2006.The influence of biotic interactions on soil biodiversity.Ecology Letters,9:870-886.
Weisser WW,Roscher C,Meyer ST,et al.2017.Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment:Patterns,mechanisms,and open questions.Basic and Applied Ecology,23:1-73.
Yang XF,Bauhus J,Both S,et al.2013.Establishment success in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China(BEF-China).European Journal of Forest Research,132:593-606.
Zak DR,Holmes WE,White DC,et al.2003.Plant diversity,soil microbial communities,and ecosystem function:Are there any links?Ecology,84:2042-2050.
Zeng QC,An SS,Liu Y.2017.Soil bacterial community response to vegetation succession after fencing in the grassland of China.Science of the Total Environment,609:2-10.
Zhang CB,Liu WL,Wang J,et al.2011.Plant functional group richness-affected microbial community structure and function in a full-scale constructed wetland.Ecological Engineering,37:1360-1368.
李川,林琳,万金忠,等.2017.乳化微米Fe/Cu降解有机氯农药污染土壤过程中微生物群落变化特征.生态与农村环境学报,33(2):181-187.
马克平.2013.生物多样性与生态系统功能的实验研究.生物多样性,21(3):247-248.
张丹桔,张健,杨万勤,等.2013.一个年龄序列巨桉人工林植物和土壤生物多样性.生态学报,33(13):3947-3962.
Bardgett RD,Wardle DA.2010.Aboveground-belowground Linkages:Biotic Interactions,Ecosystem Processes,and Global change.Oxford series in ecology and evolution.Oxford:Oxford University Press.
B9hnke M,Kreiig N,Kr9ber W,et al.2012.Wood trait-environment relationships in a secondary forest succession in South-East China.Trees,26:641-651.
Bruelheide H,Nadrowski K,Assmann T,et al.2014.Designing forest biodiversity experiments:General considerations illustrated by a new large experiment in subtropical China.Methods in Ecology and Evolution,5:4-89.
Carney KM,Matson PA.2005.Plant communities,soil microorganisms,and soil carbon cycling:Does altering the world belowground matter to ecosystem functioning?Ecosystems,8:928-940.
De Deyn GB,van der Putten WH.2005.Linking aboveground and belowground diversity.Trends in Ecology and Evolution,20:625-633.
Eisenhauer N,Reich PB,Scheu S.2012.Increasing plant diversity effects on productivity with time due to delayed soil biota effects on plants.Basic and Applied Ecology,13:571-578.
Frostegrd,Tunlid A,Bth E.2011.Use and misuse of PL-FA measurements in soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,43:1621-1625.
Johnson D,Booth RE,Whiteley AS,et al.2003.Plant community composition affects the biomass,activity and diversity of microorganisms in limestone grassland soil.European Journal of Soil Science,54:671-677.
Li Q,Yang Y,Bao XL,et al.2015.Legacy effects of elevated ozone on soil biota and plant growth.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,91:50-57.
Liu ZF,Liu GH,Fu BJ,et al.2008.Relationship between plant species diversity and soil microbial functional diversity along a longitudinal gradient in temperate grasslands of Hulunbeir,Inner Mongolia,China.Ecological Research,23:511-518.
Loranger-Merciris G,Barthes L,Gastine A,et al.2006.Rapid effects of plant species diversity and identity on soil microbial communities in experimental grassland ecosystems.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,38:2336-2343.
Maron JL,Marler M,Klironomos JN,et al.2011.Soil fungal pathogens and the relationship between plant diversity and productivity.Ecology Letters,14:36-41.
Meyer ST,Ebeling A,Eisenhauer N,et al.2016.Effects of biodiversity strengthen over time as ecosystem functioning declines at low and increases at high biodiversity.Ecosphere,7:1-14.
Milcu A,Partsch S,Langel R,et al.2006.The response of decomposers(earthworms,springtails and microorganisms)to variations in species and functional group diversity of plants.Oikos,112:513-524.
Nadrowski K,Wirth C,Scherer-Lorenzen M.2010.Is forest diversity driving ecosystem function and service?Environmental Sustainability,2:1-5.
Ren CJ,Zhang W,Zhong ZK,et al.2018.Differential responses of soil microbial biomass,diversity,and compositions to altitudinal gradients depend on plant and soil characteristics.Science of the Total Environment,610-611:750-758.
Ravenek JM,Bessler H,Engels C,et al.2014.Long-term study of root biomass in a biodiversity experiment reveals shifts in diversity effects over time.Oikos,123:1528-1536.
Scheibe A,Steffens C,Seven J,et al.2015.Effects of tree identity dominate over tree diversity on the soil microbial community structure.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,81:219-227.
Schnitzer SA,Klironomos JN,Hillerislambers J,et al.2011.Soil microbes drive the classic plant diversity-productivity pattern.Ecology,92:296-303.
Wardle DA.2006.The influence of biotic interactions on soil biodiversity.Ecology Letters,9:870-886.
Weisser WW,Roscher C,Meyer ST,et al.2017.Biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in a 15-year grassland experiment:Patterns,mechanisms,and open questions.Basic and Applied Ecology,23:1-73.
Yang XF,Bauhus J,Both S,et al.2013.Establishment success in a forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China(BEF-China).European Journal of Forest Research,132:593-606.
Zak DR,Holmes WE,White DC,et al.2003.Plant diversity,soil microbial communities,and ecosystem function:Are there any links?Ecology,84:2042-2050.
Zeng QC,An SS,Liu Y.2017.Soil bacterial community response to vegetation succession after fencing in the grassland of China.Science of the Total Environment,609:2-10.
Zhang CB,Liu WL,Wang J,et al.2011.Plant functional group richness-affected microbial community structure and function in a full-scale constructed wetland.Ecological Engineering,37:1360-1368.