CO_2注入井封隔器早期密封失效机制研究
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摘要
为了揭示CO_2注入井中性能优良的氢化丁腈橡胶封隔器早期密封失效的机制,根据失效井的特征分析以及CO_2的相态特点,提出实现恒定泄压速度的室内实验方法,并对不同CO_2泄压速度下橡胶表面进行形貌观测和力学性能测试分析。结果表明:随着泄压速度的增加,橡胶表面出现了小气泡、大气泡甚至气泡破裂等龟裂现象,橡胶的密封性能均明显变差;注气井突然泄压时,橡胶内部的气体在短时间内无法渗出,其在内外压差作用下会膨胀形成气泡甚至爆裂,这是造成CO_2注入井封隔器早期密封失效的主要原因。为了防止封隔器的早期密封失效,推荐现场井口泄压速度控制在5 MPa/h以内。
In order to reveal the mechanism of early seal failure of the high performance HNBR packer in CO_2 injection well,the features of failure wells and the phase characteristics of CO_2were analyzed,and an indoor experimental method for achieving a constant decompression rate was proposed.The rubber surface topography was observed and the mechanical performance was tested under different CO_2 decompression rates.The results show that with the increase of the decompression rate,the phenomenon of small bubbles,large bubbles and bubble rupture appear on the rubber surface,and the sealing performance of the rubber is obviously deteriorated.When thepressure the gas injection well is suddenly relieved,the gas inside the rubber can not seep out in a short time.Under the action of internal and external pressure difference,it will expand to form bubbles or even burst,which is the main reason for the early seal failure of packer in CO_2 injection well.In order to prevent the the early seal failure of packer,it is recommended that the decompression rate of wellhead onsite should be controlled within 5 MPa/h.
In order to reveal the mechanism of early seal failure of the high performance HNBR packer in CO_2 injection well,the features of failure wells and the phase characteristics of CO_2were analyzed,and an indoor experimental method for achieving a constant decompression rate was proposed.The rubber surface topography was observed and the mechanical performance was tested under different CO_2 decompression rates.The results show that with the increase of the decompression rate,the phenomenon of small bubbles,large bubbles and bubble rupture appear on the rubber surface,and the sealing performance of the rubber is obviously deteriorated.When thepressure the gas injection well is suddenly relieved,the gas inside the rubber can not seep out in a short time.Under the action of internal and external pressure difference,it will expand to form bubbles or even burst,which is the main reason for the early seal failure of packer in CO_2 injection well.In order to prevent the the early seal failure of packer,it is recommended that the decompression rate of wellhead onsite should be controlled within 5 MPa/h.
引文
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【15】 李坛.井筒橡胶材质腐蚀损伤及适用性评价研究[M].成都:西南石油大学,2015.
【2】 LANGSTON M V,HOADLEY S F,YOUNG D N.Definitive CO2 flooding response in the SACROC unit[C]//Proceedings of SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium.SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Symposium.Tulsa:SPE,1988.
【3】 SABTRA A,SWEATMAN R.Understanding the long-term chemical and mechanical integrity of cement in a CCS environment[J].Energy Procedia,2011,4:5243-5250.
【4】 BAI M X,ZHANG Z,FU X F.A review on well integrity issues for CO2 geological storage and enhanced gas recovery[J].Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,2016,59:920-926.
【5】 朱红钧,唐有波,李珍明,等.气井A环空压力恢复与泄压实验[J].石油学报,2016,37(9):1171-1178.ZHU H J,TANG Y B,LI Z M,et al.Experiment on pressure recovery and relief in the a annulus space of gas well[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(9):1171-1178.
【6】 张智,李炎军,张超,等.高温含CO2气井的井筒完整性设计[J].天然气工业,2013,33(9):79-86.ZHANG Z,LI Y J,ZHANG C,et al.Wellbore integrity design of high-temperature gas wells containing CO2[J].Natural Gas Engineering,2013,33(9):79-86.
【7】 杨春雷,李斌,郑旭,等.考虑工作温度的封隔器橡胶密封性和可靠性评价[J].应用力学学报,2017,34(6):1079-1085.YANG C L,LI B,ZHENG X,et al.The evaluation of sealing and reliability of packer rubber based on working temperature[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2017,34(6):1079-1085.
【8】 曾德智,李坛,雷正义,等.橡胶O型圈耐CO2腐蚀测试及适用性评价[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,36(2):145-152.ZENG D Z,LI T,LEI Z Y,et al.CO2 corrosion resistance test and applicability evaluation of Rubber O-ring [J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science and Technology Edition),2014,36(2):145-152.
【9】 朱达江,林元华,邹大鹏,等.CO2驱注气井封隔器橡胶材料腐蚀力学性能研究[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(5):126-130.ZHU D J,LIN Y H,ZOU D P,et al.Experiment study on the impact of corrosion on the rubber in packers in a CO2 injection well[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(5):126-130.
【10】 刘建新,王世杰,张瑞霞,等.用于CO2驱分层注气的双向压缩封隔器[J].石油机械,2017,45(4):87-89.LIU J X,WANG S J,ZHANG R X,et al.Bi-directional compression packer for separate layer CO2 flooding[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2017,45(4):87-89.
【11】 曾德智,李坛,周之入,等.高温高压高CO2环境中橡胶O型圈的腐蚀损伤实验研究[J].核动力工程,2015,36(5):194-198.ZENG D Z,LI T,ZHOU Z R,et al.Experiment research on corrosion damage of rubber O-Ring in high temperature and high pressure high CO2 environment[J].Nuclear Power Engineering,2015,36(5):194-198.
【12】 刘建新,魏伟,韩博,等.四丙氟橡胶和氢化丁腈橡胶的耐CO2腐蚀性能[J].腐蚀与防护,2017,38(9):702-704.LIU J X,WEI W,HAN B,et al.CO2 corrosion resistance of tetrapropyl fluoro rubber and hydrogenatednitrile butadiene rubber[J].Corrosion and Protection,2017,38(9):702-704.
【13】 邹大鹏.二氧化碳注气井封隔器胶筒密封性能研究[M].成都:西南石油大学,2014.
【14】 张继华,任灵.橡胶密封件在高压气态下的“泄爆”效应[J].宇航材料工艺,2009(3):16-19.ZHANG J H,REN L.“Explosive decompression” of rubber sealing parts under high-pressure gas environments[J].Aerospace Materials and Technology,2009(3):16-19.
【15】 李坛.井筒橡胶材质腐蚀损伤及适用性评价研究[M].成都:西南石油大学,2015.