基于重发机制的量子密钥分发协议
|
摘要
在量子密钥分发协议中,光子传输很微弱且不能被放大,在接收端极可能出现部分光子被丢失或未被检测到的情况,导致接收端收到的光子序列中出现缺失,使量子密钥分发协议效率更低,针对该问题,提出使用重传机制。根据缺失光子的位置,由发送方重新随机生成相应的二进制位序列、基序列和相应的光子序列,对其进行传输,直到没有出现光子缺失或满足一定阈值为止;理论分析该协议的可实现性、安全性和分发效率。使用重传机制能够有效增加接收端接收到的有效二进制串的位数,扩大了窃听检测区间,显著提高量子密钥分发效率。
In quantum key distribution protocol,the photon transmissions are very weak and cannot be amplified in transit,the receiver finds that some photos are lost in transit or fail to be counted by imperfectly-efficient detectors,which results in that deficient photon sequence received by receivers,aggravating the inefficiency of quantum key distribution.In view of this kind of situation,the retransmission mechanism was proposed.According to the position of the missed photons,the sender randomly regenerated binary bit string,basis sequence and corresponding photon sequence,and retransmitted these missed photons until no missing photons were found or a certain threshold was met.A theoretical analysis was done to verify implementability,security,and key distribution efficiency of the QKD protocol.Using the retransmission mechanism can increase the number of effective binary bits at the receiver,and enlarge the eavesdropping detection range,meanwhile improve the efficiency of quantum key distribution significantly.
In quantum key distribution protocol,the photon transmissions are very weak and cannot be amplified in transit,the receiver finds that some photos are lost in transit or fail to be counted by imperfectly-efficient detectors,which results in that deficient photon sequence received by receivers,aggravating the inefficiency of quantum key distribution.In view of this kind of situation,the retransmission mechanism was proposed.According to the position of the missed photons,the sender randomly regenerated binary bit string,basis sequence and corresponding photon sequence,and retransmitted these missed photons until no missing photons were found or a certain threshold was met.A theoretical analysis was done to verify implementability,security,and key distribution efficiency of the QKD protocol.Using the retransmission mechanism can increase the number of effective binary bits at the receiver,and enlarge the eavesdropping detection range,meanwhile improve the efficiency of quantum key distribution significantly.
引文
[1]LI Hongwei,CHEN Wei,HUANG Jingzheng,et al.Security of quantum key distribution[J].Scientia Sinica Physica,Mechanica&Astronomica,2012,42(11):1237-1255(in Chinese).[李宏伟,陈巍,黄靖正,等.量子密码安全性研究[J].中国科学:物理学力学天文学,2012,42(11):1237-1255.]
[2]WANG Jindong,ZHANG Zhiming.Unconditional security of quantum key distribution based on practical devices[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2014,31(4):449-456(in Chinese).[王金东,张智明.量子密钥分发系统的现实无条件安全性[J].量子电子学报,2014,31(4):449-456.]
[3]Christopher Portmann,Renato Renner.Cryptographic security of quantum key distribution[DB/OL].[2014-11-26].http://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.3525.pdf.
[4]ZHENG Liming,WANG Faqiang,LIU Songhao.The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum key distribution system[J].Acta Phys Sin,2007,56(4):2180-2183(in Chinese).[郑力明,王发强,刘颂豪.光纤色散与损耗对光量子密钥分发系统的影响[J].物理学报,2007,56(4):2180-2183.]
[5]LIU Wei,YANG Shu,GUO Aipeng.Study on key transmission rate and BER of fiber-based quantum key distribution system[J].Optical Communication Technology,2008(8):44-47(in Chinese).[刘伟,杨树,郭爱鹏.光纤量子密钥分发系统中密钥传输率和误码率的研究[J].光通信技术,2008(8):44-47.]
[6]Zhu Mengzheng,Liu Ye.Efficient entanglement purification via quantum communication bus[J].Quantum Information Process,2014,13(6):1397-1412.
[7]SUN Ying,WEN Qiaoyan,YUAN Zheng.High-efficient quantum key distribution based on hybrid entanglement[J].Optics Communications,2011,284:527-530.
[8]Lucamarini M,Patel KA,Dynes JF,et al.Efficient decoystate quantum key distribution with quantified security[J].Optics Express,2013,21(21):24550-24565.
[9]GAO Jingliang,ZHU Changhua,XIAO Heling.Efficient quantum key distribution scheme with pre-announcing the basis[J].Euro Physics Letters,2014,105(6):6003-6004.
[10]WU Hua,WANG Xiangbin,PAN Jianwei.Quantum communication:Status and prospect[J].Scientia Sinica:Informationis,2014,44(3):296-311(in Chinese).[吴华,王向斌,潘建伟.量子通信现状与展望[J].中国科学:信息科学,2014,44(3):296-311.]
[11]ZHANG Sheng,WANG Jian,ZHANG Quan,et al.An analysis of the model of the error bit s of quantum cryptography protocol[J].Acta Phys Sin,2009,58(1):73-77(in Chinese).[张盛,王剑,张权,等.量子密码协议的错误序列模型分析[J].物理学报,2009,58(1):73-77.]
[12]Joseph M Renes,Renato Renner.Noisy channel coding via privacy amplification and information reconciliation[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2011,57(11):7377-7385.
[2]WANG Jindong,ZHANG Zhiming.Unconditional security of quantum key distribution based on practical devices[J].Chinese Journal of Quantum Electronics,2014,31(4):449-456(in Chinese).[王金东,张智明.量子密钥分发系统的现实无条件安全性[J].量子电子学报,2014,31(4):449-456.]
[3]Christopher Portmann,Renato Renner.Cryptographic security of quantum key distribution[DB/OL].[2014-11-26].http://arxiv.org/pdf/1409.3525.pdf.
[4]ZHENG Liming,WANG Faqiang,LIU Songhao.The influence of dispersion and loss on quantum key distribution system[J].Acta Phys Sin,2007,56(4):2180-2183(in Chinese).[郑力明,王发强,刘颂豪.光纤色散与损耗对光量子密钥分发系统的影响[J].物理学报,2007,56(4):2180-2183.]
[5]LIU Wei,YANG Shu,GUO Aipeng.Study on key transmission rate and BER of fiber-based quantum key distribution system[J].Optical Communication Technology,2008(8):44-47(in Chinese).[刘伟,杨树,郭爱鹏.光纤量子密钥分发系统中密钥传输率和误码率的研究[J].光通信技术,2008(8):44-47.]
[6]Zhu Mengzheng,Liu Ye.Efficient entanglement purification via quantum communication bus[J].Quantum Information Process,2014,13(6):1397-1412.
[7]SUN Ying,WEN Qiaoyan,YUAN Zheng.High-efficient quantum key distribution based on hybrid entanglement[J].Optics Communications,2011,284:527-530.
[8]Lucamarini M,Patel KA,Dynes JF,et al.Efficient decoystate quantum key distribution with quantified security[J].Optics Express,2013,21(21):24550-24565.
[9]GAO Jingliang,ZHU Changhua,XIAO Heling.Efficient quantum key distribution scheme with pre-announcing the basis[J].Euro Physics Letters,2014,105(6):6003-6004.
[10]WU Hua,WANG Xiangbin,PAN Jianwei.Quantum communication:Status and prospect[J].Scientia Sinica:Informationis,2014,44(3):296-311(in Chinese).[吴华,王向斌,潘建伟.量子通信现状与展望[J].中国科学:信息科学,2014,44(3):296-311.]
[11]ZHANG Sheng,WANG Jian,ZHANG Quan,et al.An analysis of the model of the error bit s of quantum cryptography protocol[J].Acta Phys Sin,2009,58(1):73-77(in Chinese).[张盛,王剑,张权,等.量子密码协议的错误序列模型分析[J].物理学报,2009,58(1):73-77.]
[12]Joseph M Renes,Renato Renner.Noisy channel coding via privacy amplification and information reconciliation[J].IEEE Transactions on Information Theory,2011,57(11):7377-7385.