荔枝密闭园和间伐园主要病害发生情况比较
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摘要
回缩间伐是荔枝密闭园改造的一个有效措施,但改造后的病害发生情况尚未见有报道。为给荔枝密闭园改造提供病害防控方面的理论依据,本研究分别于荔枝花穗期、小果期、果实成熟期和冬梢期,在国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系荔枝密闭园改造示范园,对4个荔枝品种于密闭园和间伐园发生的主要病害种类、病害危害程度进行了两年的调查。调查数据统计分析结果显示,间伐园与密闭园所发生的主要病害在种类上无差异,但各物候期间伐园的平均总病叶率、果实成熟期的平均总病果率均低于密闭园,其中3个品种的差异达到显著水平;从花穗期至果实成熟期,密闭园和间伐园的病害危害程度均逐渐升高,在果实成熟期达到最高峰,进入冬梢期时又有所下降;调查还表明对密闭园进行回缩间伐改造有利于荔枝病害管理,改造后果园的病害防治重点时期为花穗期至果实成熟期。
Tree thinning and branch pruning were considered to be the two effective treatments in modifying litchi high-density orchard,but the effect of thinning and pruning on disease occurrence has not yet been reported.In order to provide theoretical basis for disease control in the modification of high-density orchard,the occurrence and infection degree of main diseases of four litchi cultivars were separately investigated in the period of flowering,small fruit,fruit maturing and winter shoot in the thinned and un-thinned orchard in2012 and2013.The statistical results indicated that there was no noticeable difference in the types of main diseases between the thinned and un-thinned orchard,however,both the average total diseased leaf rate in all phenological phases investigated and the average total diseased fruit rate in fruit maturing period in the thinned orchard were lower than that in the un-thinned orchard with significant difference in the three litchi cultivars.Meanwhile,from flowering to fruit maturing period,the infection degree in both thinned and un-thinned orchard rised regularly and peaked in the fruit maturing period,and then decline in winter shoot period.The results also showed that thinning and pruning facilitated the orchard disease management,and the period of flowering to fruit maturing was critical to disease control.
Tree thinning and branch pruning were considered to be the two effective treatments in modifying litchi high-density orchard,but the effect of thinning and pruning on disease occurrence has not yet been reported.In order to provide theoretical basis for disease control in the modification of high-density orchard,the occurrence and infection degree of main diseases of four litchi cultivars were separately investigated in the period of flowering,small fruit,fruit maturing and winter shoot in the thinned and un-thinned orchard in2012 and2013.The statistical results indicated that there was no noticeable difference in the types of main diseases between the thinned and un-thinned orchard,however,both the average total diseased leaf rate in all phenological phases investigated and the average total diseased fruit rate in fruit maturing period in the thinned orchard were lower than that in the un-thinned orchard with significant difference in the three litchi cultivars.Meanwhile,from flowering to fruit maturing period,the infection degree in both thinned and un-thinned orchard rised regularly and peaked in the fruit maturing period,and then decline in winter shoot period.The results also showed that thinning and pruning facilitated the orchard disease management,and the period of flowering to fruit maturing was critical to disease control.
引文
[1]陈厚彬.荔枝产业综合技术[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2010:115-121.
[2]陈厚彬,庄丽娟,黄旭明,等.荔枝龙眼产业发展现状与前景[J].中国热带农业,2013(2):12-18.
[3]邓振权.密植封行荔枝园回缩间伐技术[J].中国热带农业,2011(6):69-71.
[4]李丙智,阮班录,君广仁,等.改形对红富士苹果树体光合能力及果实品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):119-122.
[5]阮班录,刘建海,李雪薇,等.乔砧苹果郁闭园不同改造方法对冠层光照和叶片状况及产量品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(18):3805-3811.
[6]李培环,吴军帅,董晓颖,等.苹果密闭园不同间伐方式对光照、光合和生长结果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(11):2217-2223.
[7]王宏伟,仇仁波,魏树伟,等.密植丰水梨园改造对果品产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(10):61-62.
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[9]蒋爽.郁闭园改造对黑叶荔枝生长发育的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2012.
[10]杨祖艳,孙熹,何加文,等.改善树体结构对提高龙眼产量和品质的影响试验[J].南方园艺,2012,23(2):3-6.
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[12]杜飞,朱书生,王海宁,等.不同避雨栽培模式对葡萄主要病害的防治效果和植株冠层温湿度的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):177-184.
[13]唐丽,王海娥,李小玲,等.避雨栽培对番茄生长微环境及病害发生的影响[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2021-2025.
[14]曾蓉,陆金萍,张学英,等.农业和化学措施对柑橘树脂病和炭疽病的协同控制作用[J].上海农业学报,2010,26(4):26-30.
[15]宋印刚,杨列富,胡猛,等.营林措施对杨扇舟蛾和杨树水泡溃疡病防治的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(16):8871-8872.
[16]贺梅英.荔枝龙眼间伐技术经济分析与评价[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(2):68-72.
[17]徐炯志,潘介春,秦献泉,等.广东省茂名湛江两市荔枝龙眼考察报告[J].农业研究与应用,2013(5):33-36.
[18]刘爱媛,陈维信,李欣允.荔枝采后炭疽病的发生情况及对贮藏效果的影响[J].植物保护学报,2006,33(4):351-356.
[2]陈厚彬,庄丽娟,黄旭明,等.荔枝龙眼产业发展现状与前景[J].中国热带农业,2013(2):12-18.
[3]邓振权.密植封行荔枝园回缩间伐技术[J].中国热带农业,2011(6):69-71.
[4]李丙智,阮班录,君广仁,等.改形对红富士苹果树体光合能力及果实品质的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(5):119-122.
[5]阮班录,刘建海,李雪薇,等.乔砧苹果郁闭园不同改造方法对冠层光照和叶片状况及产量品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(18):3805-3811.
[6]李培环,吴军帅,董晓颖,等.苹果密闭园不同间伐方式对光照、光合和生长结果的影响[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(11):2217-2223.
[7]王宏伟,仇仁波,魏树伟,等.密植丰水梨园改造对果品产量和品质的影响[J].山东农业科学,2012,44(10):61-62.
[8]华敏,何凡,王祥和,等.荔枝密植园修剪技术研究[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(5):29-30.
[9]蒋爽.郁闭园改造对黑叶荔枝生长发育的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2012.
[10]杨祖艳,孙熹,何加文,等.改善树体结构对提高龙眼产量和品质的影响试验[J].南方园艺,2012,23(2):3-6.
[11]唐启义.DPS数据处理系统:实验设计、统计分析及数据挖掘[M].第2版.北京:科学出版社,2010:62-63,91-93.
[12]杜飞,朱书生,王海宁,等.不同避雨栽培模式对葡萄主要病害的防治效果和植株冠层温湿度的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,26(2):177-184.
[13]唐丽,王海娥,李小玲,等.避雨栽培对番茄生长微环境及病害发生的影响[J].西南农业学报,2012,25(6):2021-2025.
[14]曾蓉,陆金萍,张学英,等.农业和化学措施对柑橘树脂病和炭疽病的协同控制作用[J].上海农业学报,2010,26(4):26-30.
[15]宋印刚,杨列富,胡猛,等.营林措施对杨扇舟蛾和杨树水泡溃疡病防治的研究[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(16):8871-8872.
[16]贺梅英.荔枝龙眼间伐技术经济分析与评价[J].中国南方果树,2013,42(2):68-72.
[17]徐炯志,潘介春,秦献泉,等.广东省茂名湛江两市荔枝龙眼考察报告[J].农业研究与应用,2013(5):33-36.
[18]刘爱媛,陈维信,李欣允.荔枝采后炭疽病的发生情况及对贮藏效果的影响[J].植物保护学报,2006,33(4):351-356.