NALM锁模全保偏光纤掺铒光学频率梳
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摘要
飞秒光学频率梳是当今激光技术领域的重要研究方向。实验基于非线性放大环形镜(NALM)锁模激光器实现了全保偏光纤结构的掺铒光学频率梳。在基于NALM锁模的光纤激光器内部加入非互惠相移器,降低了锁模阈值,实现了超短脉冲激光器的自启动。经过脉冲放大和压缩,脉冲的峰值功率可达61.3 kW。将此高功率超短脉冲注入55 cm的保偏高非线性光纤(PM-HNLF)中,激光器的输出光谱被拓展至一个倍频层(1 030～2 200 nm)。辅以f-2f自参考探测技术,成功探测到了信噪比高达40 dB、线宽为40 kHz的载波包络偏频信号(f_0)。此外,通过使用两套电路反馈系统,将f_0信号与激光器重复频率信号(f_r)的频率抖动量分别降低至521.71 mHz和240μHz,实现了相位稳定的掺铒光学频率梳。
Femtosecond optical frequency comb has been a rich research field in laser optics. We demonstrated an all polarization-maintaining(PM) fiber, Erbium-doped frequency comb based on a nonlinear amplification loop mirror(NALM) mode-locked fiber laser. An integrated nonreciprocal phase shifter was employed in a passively mode-locked NALM-based oscillator to reduce the mode locking threshold and facilitate self-starting. Being amplified and pulse compressed, the peak power of the pulses can achieve as high as 61.3 kW. Injecting the high-power ultrashort pulses into a 55-cm-long PM high nonlinear fiber(HNLF), an octave-spanning supercontinuum from 1 030 nm to 2 200 nm was generated. By using a collinear f-2f interferometer, the carrier-envelop offset signal(f_0)with 40-dB signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and 40-kHz linewidth was detected. Moreover, with the employment of two feedback locking electronics, the f_0 signal and the repetition rate of the laser(f_r)were phase-locked and it showed the standard deviations of 521.71 mHz and 240 μHz, respectively.
Femtosecond optical frequency comb has been a rich research field in laser optics. We demonstrated an all polarization-maintaining(PM) fiber, Erbium-doped frequency comb based on a nonlinear amplification loop mirror(NALM) mode-locked fiber laser. An integrated nonreciprocal phase shifter was employed in a passively mode-locked NALM-based oscillator to reduce the mode locking threshold and facilitate self-starting. Being amplified and pulse compressed, the peak power of the pulses can achieve as high as 61.3 kW. Injecting the high-power ultrashort pulses into a 55-cm-long PM high nonlinear fiber(HNLF), an octave-spanning supercontinuum from 1 030 nm to 2 200 nm was generated. By using a collinear f-2f interferometer, the carrier-envelop offset signal(f_0)with 40-dB signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and 40-kHz linewidth was detected. Moreover, with the employment of two feedback locking electronics, the f_0 signal and the repetition rate of the laser(f_r)were phase-locked and it showed the standard deviations of 521.71 mHz and 240 μHz, respectively.
引文
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[2]KIENBERGER R,HENTSCHEL M,UIBERACKERM,et al.Steering attosecond electron wave packets with light[J].Science,2002,297(5584):1144-1148.
[3]MINOSHIMA K,MATSUMOTO H.High-accuracy measurement of 240-m distance in an optical tunnel by use of a compact femtosecond laser[J].Applied Optics,2000,39(30):5512-5517.
[4]BLOOM B J,NICHOLSON T L,WILLIAMS J R,et al.An optical lattice clock with accuracy and stability at the 10-18 level[J].Nature,2014,506(7486):71-75.
[5]WU H Z,ZHANG F M,MENG F,et al.Absolute distance measurement using frequency comb and a Single-Frequency laser[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2015,27(24):2587-2590.
[6]DIDDAMS S A.The evolving optical frequency comb[Invited][J].Journal of the Optical Society of America B,2010,27(11):B51-B62.
[7]WASHBURN B R,DIDDAMS S A,NEWBURY N R,et al.Phase-locked,erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared[J].Optics Letters,2004,29(3):250-252.
[8]YANG K W,LI W X,YAN M,et al.High-power ultrabroadband frequency comb from ultraviolet to infrared by high-power fiber amplifiers[J].Optics Express,2012,20(12):12899-12905.
[9]CREEDEN D,JOHNSON B R,SETZLER S D,et al.Resonantly pumped Tm-doped fiber laser with>90%slope efficiency[J].Optics Letters,2014,39(3):470-473.
[10]GENG J H,WANG Q,LUO T,et al.Single-frequency gain-switched Ho-doped fiber laser[J].Optics Letters,2012,37(18):3795-3797.
[11]RUEHL A,MARCINKEVICIUS A,FERMANN M E,et al.80 W,120 fs Yb-fiber frequency comb[J].Optics Letters,2010,35(18):3015-3017.
[12]SINCLAIR L C,CODDINGTON I,SWANN W C,et al.Operation of an optically coherent frequency comb outside the metrology lab[J].Optics Express,2014,22(6):6996-7006.
[13]LEE J,LEE K,JANG Y S,et al.Testing of a femtosecond pulse laser in outer space[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:5134.
[14]KIM J,SONG Y J.Ultralow-noise mode-locked fiber lasers and frequency combs:principles,status,and applications[J].Advances in Optics and Photonics,2016,8(3):465-540.
[15]PENG J L,AHN H,SHU R H,et al.Highly stable,frequency-controlled mode-locked erbium fiber laser comb[J].Applied Physics B,2007,86(1):49-53.
[16]WANG Y Z,ZHANG L Q,ZHUO Z,et al.Crosssplicing method for compensating fiber birefringence in polarization-maintaining fiber ring laser mode locked by nonlinear polarization evolution[J].Applied Optics,2016,55(21):5766-5770.
[17]SZCZEPANEK J,KARDA?T M,RADZEWICZ C,et al.Ultrafast laser mode-locked using nonlinear polarization evolution in polarization maintaining fibers[J].Optics Letters,2017,42(3):575-578.
[18]AGRAWAL G P.Nonlinear fiber optics[M].2nd ed.San Diego:Academic Press,1995:195-211.
[19]JIANG T X,CUI Y F,LU P,et al.All PM fiber laser mode locked with a compact phase biased amplifier loop mirror[J].IEEE Photonics Technology Letters,2016,28(16):1786-1789.
[20]H?NSEL W,HOOGLAND H,GIUNTA M,et al.All polarization-maintaining fiber laser architecture for robust femtosecond pulse generation[J].Applied Physics B,2017,123:41.
[21]KUSE N,JIANG J,LEE C C,et al.All polarizationmaintaining Er fiber-based optical frequency combs with nonlinear amplifying loop mirror[J].Optics Express,2016,24(3):3095-3102.
[22]LEZIUS M,WILKEN T,DEUTSCH C,et al.Spaceborne frequency comb metrology[J].Optica,2016,3(12):1381-1387.
[23]DROSTE S,YCAS G,WASHBURN B R,et al.Optical frequency comb generation based on erbium fiber lasers[J].Nanophotonics,2016,5(2):196-213.
[24]BOYRAZ?,KIM J,ISLAM M N,et al.10 Gb/s multiple wavelength,coherent short pulse source based on spectral carving of supercontinuum generated in fibers[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2000,18(12):2167-2175.