周边土地利用类型对川西平原西河氮素的影响
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摘要
以四川盆地西部典型农业小流域为研究区,于2015年3月～2016年2月持续监测河流氮素(NH_4~+-N、NO_3~--N、TN)和pH,结合遥感解译、地理信息系统和相关性分析等技术,探讨了监测断面周边流域土地利用类型与河流氮素及pH值的关系.结果表明,研究区河流氮素浓度的季节变化均表现为冬季最高(2.063mg/L)、春秋次之(1.536mg/L;1.432mg/L)、夏季最低(1.085mg/L),同时月均NO_3~--N浓度(0.891mg/L)显著高于NH_4~+-N(0.425mg/L)(P<0.01),且NO_3~--N受到典型土地利用类型的显著影响.随着缓冲区半径的增加,耕地、城乡建设用地和水域的面积与NO_3~--N和TN浓度相关性逐渐降低,且在250m缓冲区内,城乡建设用地面积与NO_3~--N浓度呈显著正相关(P<0.05);交通运输用地面积与所有氮组分的相关性均增大,且在750m缓冲区内,交通运输用地面积与NO_3~--N和TN浓度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01).城乡建设用地和交通运输用地可能是河流NO_3~--N的"源".
This research was conducted in a typical agricultural small watershed in the western Sichuan Basin. The nitrogen(NH_4~+-N, NO_3~--N, TN) concentration and pH in Xihe river were continuously monitored from March 2015 to February 2016. Using different techniques, such as remote-sensing interpretation, geographic information systems, and correlation analysis, the relationship between nitrogen concentration and pH in the river with surrounding land use typed area was explored. Results showed that river nitrogen concentration was higher in the winter(2.063 mg/L) than in spring and autumn(1.536 mg/L; 1.432 mg/L), followed by summer(1.085 mg/L). Concurrently, the monthly average concentration of NO_3~--N(0.891 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of NH_4~+-N(0.425 mg/L)(P<0.01), and NO_3~--N was remarkably affected by typical land use types. As the buffer zone radius increased, the correlation of cultivated land, urban-rural construction land, and water area with NO_3~--N and TN concentrations gradually decreased. In the 250 m buffer zone, the area of urban–rural construction land was significantly positively correlated with NO_3~--N concentration(P<0.05), and the transportation land was increasingly correlated with all nitrogen components. In the 750 m buffer zone, the area of transportation land was significantly positively correlated with NO_3~--N and TN concentrations(P<0.01). Urban-rural construction land and transportation land may be the "source" of river NO_3~--N.
This research was conducted in a typical agricultural small watershed in the western Sichuan Basin. The nitrogen(NH_4~+-N, NO_3~--N, TN) concentration and pH in Xihe river were continuously monitored from March 2015 to February 2016. Using different techniques, such as remote-sensing interpretation, geographic information systems, and correlation analysis, the relationship between nitrogen concentration and pH in the river with surrounding land use typed area was explored. Results showed that river nitrogen concentration was higher in the winter(2.063 mg/L) than in spring and autumn(1.536 mg/L; 1.432 mg/L), followed by summer(1.085 mg/L). Concurrently, the monthly average concentration of NO_3~--N(0.891 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of NH_4~+-N(0.425 mg/L)(P<0.01), and NO_3~--N was remarkably affected by typical land use types. As the buffer zone radius increased, the correlation of cultivated land, urban-rural construction land, and water area with NO_3~--N and TN concentrations gradually decreased. In the 250 m buffer zone, the area of urban–rural construction land was significantly positively correlated with NO_3~--N concentration(P<0.05), and the transportation land was increasingly correlated with all nitrogen components. In the 750 m buffer zone, the area of transportation land was significantly positively correlated with NO_3~--N and TN concentrations(P<0.01). Urban-rural construction land and transportation land may be the "source" of river NO_3~--N.
引文
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[11]张福平,赵沙,周正朝,等.沣河流域土地利用格局与水质变化的关系[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):308-312.
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[21]项颂,庞燕,窦嘉顺,等.不同时空尺度下土地利用对洱海入湖河流水质的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1-10.
[22]国家环境保护总局,废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.
[23]GB 3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].
[24]单保庆,菅宇翔,唐文忠,等.北运河下游典型河网区水体中氮磷分布与富营养化评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):352-358.
[25]马东,杜志勇,吴娟,等.崂山水库流域不同土地利用类型地表径流的氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):31-39.
[26]於梦秋,蔡颖,刘华,等.太湖流域入湖河流土地利用类型对水质的影响--以乌溪港、武进港为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):1024-1032.
[27]胡佳.崇州市不同功能区大气氮沉降特征研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.
[28]Sila V D P R D,Silva M T,Singh V P,et al.Simulation of stream flow and hydrological response to land-cover changes in a tropical river basin[J].Catena,2018,162:166-176.
[29]Nhapi I,Hoko Z,Siebel A,et al.Assessment of the major water andutrient folws in the Chivero Catchment area,Zimbabwe[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2002,27:783-792.
[30]于术桐,黄贤金,程绪水,等.流域土地利用变化的水质响应研究进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(3):422-426.
[31]Deng O,Zhang S,Deng L,et al.Wet nitrogen deposition across the urban-intensive agricultural-rural transect of a small urban area in southwest China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,(25):7866-7874.
[32]张殷俊,陈爽,相景昌.河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析--以巢湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(9):1054-1061.
[33]王敏,吴建强,黄沈发,等.不同坡度缓冲带径流污染净化效果及其最佳宽度[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4951-4956.
[34]吴建强.不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):112-117.
[35]张广分.潮白河上游河岸植被缓冲带对氮、磷去除效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(8):189-94.
[36]曹芳芳,李雪,王东,等.新安江流域土地利用结构对水质的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2582-2587.
[37]中共崇州市委党校课题组.现代农业发展模式的创新实践--对崇州市“1+4”现代农业发展模式的调研报告[J].西部经济管理论坛,2013,24(2):63-66.
[38]张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.不同利用方式下土壤有机氮素矿化特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2014,44(1):52-56.
[39]宫立,刘国华,李宗善,等.川西卧龙岷江冷杉林土壤有机碳组分与氮素关系随海拔梯度的变化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4696-4705.
[40]Song L,Kuang F,Skiba U,et al.Bulk deposition of organic and inorganic nitrogen in southwest China from 2008 to 2013[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,227:157.
[2]苑韶峰,吕军.曹娥江干流氮素与水环境因子时空变异特征[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(5):186-189.
[3]朱兆良,邢光熹.氮循环[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010:1-104.
[4]遆超普.不同空间尺度区域氮素收支[D].南京:南京农业大学,2011.
[5]Li S,Gu S,Liu W,et al.Water quality in relation to land use and land cover in the upper Han River Basin,China[J].Catena,2008,75(2):216-222.
[6]于术桐,黄贤金,程绪水.土地利用变化的水环境效应研究进展[J].长江流域资源与环境,2010,(s2):180-184.
[7]孙丽娜,卢文喜,杨青春,等.东辽河流域土地利用变化对非点源污染的影响研究[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(8):1459-1467.
[8]丁晓雯,沈珍瑶,刘瑞民.长江上游非点源氮素负荷时空变化特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):836-841.
[9]邓欧平,孙嗣旸,吕军.基于ArcSWAT模型的长乐江流域非点源氮素污染源识别和分析[J].环境科学,2013,34(4):1284-1290.
[10]徐建锋,尹炜,闫锋陵,等.农业源头流域景观异质性与溪流水质耦合关系[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(10):3193-3200.
[11]张福平,赵沙,周正朝,等.沣河流域土地利用格局与水质变化的关系[J].水土保持通报,2014,34(4):308-312.
[12]胡建,刘茂松,周文,等.太湖流域水质状况与土地利用格局的相关性[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(6):1190-1197.
[13]陈成龙,高明,倪九派,等.三峡库区小流域不同土地利用类型对氮素流失影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1707-1716.
[14]Ahearn D S,Sheibley R W,Dahlgren R A,et al.Land use and land cover influence on water quality in the last free-flowing river draining the western Sierra Nevada,California[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,313(3):234-247.
[15]Huang H,Lu J.Identification of river water pollution characteristics based on projection pursuit and factor analysis[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2014,72(9):3409-3417.
[16]Bu H,Wei M,Yuan Z,et al.Relationships between land use patterns and water quality in the Taizi River basin,China[J].Ecological Indicators,2014,41(3):187-197.
[17]Bu H,Zhang Y,Meng W,et al.Effects of land-use patterns on in-stream nitrogen in a highly-polluted river basin in Northeast China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,553(553):232-242.
[18]官宝红,李君,曾爱斌,等.杭州市城市土地利用对河流水质的影响[J].资源科学,2008,30(6):857-863.
[19]孙金华,曹晓峰,黄艺.滇池流域土地利用对入湖河流水质的影响[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(12):2052-2057.
[20]Ding J,Jiang Y,Liu Q,et al.Influences of the land use pattern on water quality in low-order streams of the Dongjiang River basin,China:A multiscale analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,551-552,205-216.
[21]项颂,庞燕,窦嘉顺,等.不同时空尺度下土地利用对洱海入湖河流水质的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(3):1-10.
[22]国家环境保护总局,废水监测分析方法编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2013.
[23]GB 3838-2002地表水环境质量标准[S].
[24]单保庆,菅宇翔,唐文忠,等.北运河下游典型河网区水体中氮磷分布与富营养化评价[J].环境科学,2012,33(2):352-358.
[25]马东,杜志勇,吴娟,等.崂山水库流域不同土地利用类型地表径流的氮磷流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(6):31-39.
[26]於梦秋,蔡颖,刘华,等.太湖流域入湖河流土地利用类型对水质的影响--以乌溪港、武进港为例[J].农业环境科学学报,2014,33(5):1024-1032.
[27]胡佳.崇州市不同功能区大气氮沉降特征研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2016.
[28]Sila V D P R D,Silva M T,Singh V P,et al.Simulation of stream flow and hydrological response to land-cover changes in a tropical river basin[J].Catena,2018,162:166-176.
[29]Nhapi I,Hoko Z,Siebel A,et al.Assessment of the major water andutrient folws in the Chivero Catchment area,Zimbabwe[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2002,27:783-792.
[30]于术桐,黄贤金,程绪水,等.流域土地利用变化的水质响应研究进展[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(3):422-426.
[31]Deng O,Zhang S,Deng L,et al.Wet nitrogen deposition across the urban-intensive agricultural-rural transect of a small urban area in southwest China[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,(25):7866-7874.
[32]张殷俊,陈爽,相景昌.河流近域土地利用格局与水质相关性分析--以巢湖流域为例[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(9):1054-1061.
[33]王敏,吴建强,黄沈发,等.不同坡度缓冲带径流污染净化效果及其最佳宽度[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4951-4956.
[34]吴建强.不同坡度缓冲带滞缓径流及污染物去除定量化[J].水科学进展,2011,22(1):112-117.
[35]张广分.潮白河上游河岸植被缓冲带对氮、磷去除效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(8):189-94.
[36]曹芳芳,李雪,王东,等.新安江流域土地利用结构对水质的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2582-2587.
[37]中共崇州市委党校课题组.现代农业发展模式的创新实践--对崇州市“1+4”现代农业发展模式的调研报告[J].西部经济管理论坛,2013,24(2):63-66.
[38]张玉玲,陈温福,虞娜,等.不同利用方式下土壤有机氮素矿化特征的研究[J].土壤通报,2014,44(1):52-56.
[39]宫立,刘国华,李宗善,等.川西卧龙岷江冷杉林土壤有机碳组分与氮素关系随海拔梯度的变化特征[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4696-4705.
[40]Song L,Kuang F,Skiba U,et al.Bulk deposition of organic and inorganic nitrogen in southwest China from 2008 to 2013[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,227:157.