富硒土壤中有效硒浸提剂和浸提条件研究
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摘要
以青海东部富硒土壤为供试材料,对6种有效硒浸提剂NaHCO_3、KH_2PO_4、K_2SO_4、EDTA、ABDTPA和DTPA的最佳浸提时间和土液比进行了筛选,并结合土壤有效硒最佳浸提剂的小麦生物学校验,以找出适宜富硒土壤有效硒提取的浸提剂及其浸提条件。结果表明:6种有效硒浸提剂对富硒土壤中硒的浸提量均随着土液比的增大而减少,且均随浸提时间的逐渐增加而增加。EDTA和DTPA的最佳土液比则为1/20,振荡时间为30min;K_2SO_4、AB-DTPA、NaHCO_3和KH_2PO_4四种浸提剂最佳浸提土液比均为1/15,其中K_2SO_4和AB-DTPA的最佳提取时间为60min,其余两种浸提剂NaHCO_3和KH_2PO_4的最佳浸提时间均为90min。6种不同浸提剂在最佳提取条件下提取的土壤有效硒含量与小麦籽粒中富集的硒含量呈极显著正相关关系,但土壤有效硒的提取量以DTPA最少,其次为K_2SO_4,分别只占KH_2PO_4、NaHCO_3、AB-DTPA及EDTA提取量的16%~47%和36%~85%,故不适用于作为石灰性富硒土壤有效硒的浸提剂。KH_2PO_4、NaHCO_3、AB-DTPA和EDTA提取的硒含量不仅与小麦籽粒中硒含量呈极显著正相关,而且浸提量高,提取过程简单,重复性好,故均可作为石灰性富硒土壤的有效硒浸提剂。
Selenium-enriched soil in eastern Qinghai was used as test material to select optimum extractants(from NaHCO_3、KH_2PO_4、K_2SO_4、EDTA、AB-DTPA and DTPA) and the corresponding extraction conditions for soil available selenium,and the optimum extractant and extraction condition were studied by wheat test.The results showed that the amounts of available selenium which extracted by six extractants all decreased with the ratio of soil to solution,and increased with the shaking time.The optimum ratio of soil to solution and shaking time of EDTA and DTPA were 1/20 and 30 min; the optimum ratio of soil to solution was 1/15 for K_2SO_4,AB-DTPA,NaHCO_3 and KH_2PO_4; and the optimum shaking time was 60 min for K_2SO_4 and AB-DTPA; and that for NaHCO_3 and KH_2PO_4 was 90 min.There was a significantly positive correlation between the contents of available selenium in soil and the contents of selenium enrichment in wheat grain under the optimum extraction condition,but selenium amount that extracted by DTPA was the minimum,then was that extracted by K_2SO_4,which were only 16% to 47% and 36% to 85% of those of KH_2PO_4,NaHCO_3,AB-DTPA and EDTA,so DTPA and K_2SO_4 were not suitable for available selenium extraction from selenium-enriched limy soil.The contents of selenium extracted by KH_2PO_4,NaHCO_3,AB-DTPA and EDTA were not only significantly correlated with selenium contents in wheat grain,but also had high extraction rate,and the extraction process was simple and reproducible,so the four kinds of extractants could be used in selenium-enriched limy soil.
Selenium-enriched soil in eastern Qinghai was used as test material to select optimum extractants(from NaHCO_3、KH_2PO_4、K_2SO_4、EDTA、AB-DTPA and DTPA) and the corresponding extraction conditions for soil available selenium,and the optimum extractant and extraction condition were studied by wheat test.The results showed that the amounts of available selenium which extracted by six extractants all decreased with the ratio of soil to solution,and increased with the shaking time.The optimum ratio of soil to solution and shaking time of EDTA and DTPA were 1/20 and 30 min; the optimum ratio of soil to solution was 1/15 for K_2SO_4,AB-DTPA,NaHCO_3 and KH_2PO_4; and the optimum shaking time was 60 min for K_2SO_4 and AB-DTPA; and that for NaHCO_3 and KH_2PO_4 was 90 min.There was a significantly positive correlation between the contents of available selenium in soil and the contents of selenium enrichment in wheat grain under the optimum extraction condition,but selenium amount that extracted by DTPA was the minimum,then was that extracted by K_2SO_4,which were only 16% to 47% and 36% to 85% of those of KH_2PO_4,NaHCO_3,AB-DTPA and EDTA,so DTPA and K_2SO_4 were not suitable for available selenium extraction from selenium-enriched limy soil.The contents of selenium extracted by KH_2PO_4,NaHCO_3,AB-DTPA and EDTA were not only significantly correlated with selenium contents in wheat grain,but also had high extraction rate,and the extraction process was simple and reproducible,so the four kinds of extractants could be used in selenium-enriched limy soil.
引文
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[16]温国灿,黄艳,郭永玲,等.酸性土壤有效硒提取条件优化的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1996-2000.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[18]瞿建国,徐伯兴,龚书椿.氢化物发生-无色散原子荧光光度法测定土壤中有效硒和总硒[J].土壤通报,1998,29(1):47-49.
[19]吴雄平,鲍俊丹,伊田,等.石灰性土壤有效硒浸提剂和浸提条件研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(5):931-936.
[20]刘军鸽,刘鹏,葛旦之,等.淹水土壤有效硒提取剂的比较研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,2000,26(1):5-8.
[21]汤丽玲,范辉,马生明,等.AB-DTPA通用浸提剂测定土壤地球化学样品元素有效性的可行性研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊):238-242,291.
[22]Dean A M,Donald L S.Selenium speciation of soil/sediment determined with sequential extractions and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31:133-139.
[23]季汝泉,杨明姸.过磷酸钙中有效磷的提取方法[J].磷肥与复肥,2005,20(5):68.
[24]刘乐君.氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定痕量硒[J].企业技术开发,2003(4):9-12.
[2]Sun H J,Bala R,Wu B,et al.Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans[J].Environment International,2014,69:148-158.
[3]Galinha C,Sánchez-Martínez M,Adriano M G,et al.Characterization of selenium-enriched wheat by agronomic biofortification[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2015,52(7):1-10.
[4]Sharma V K,Mc Donald T J,Sohn M,et al.Biogeochemistry of selenium:A review[J].Environmental Chem Letters,2015,13:49-58.
[5]谭见安.中华人民共和国地方病与环境图集[M].北京:科学出版社,1989:135.
[6]杨兰芳.土壤中的硒[J].湖北民族学院学报:自然科学版,2000,18(1):43-46.
[7]戴伟,耿增超.土壤硒的研究概况[J].西北林学院学报,1995,10(3):93-97.
[8]Thiry C,Ruttens A,De Temmerman L,et al.Current knowledge in species-related bioavailability of selenium in food[J].Food Chem,2012,130:767-784.
[9]Kieliszek M,B?a?ejak S.Selenium:significance,and outlook for supplementation[J].Nutrition,2013,29:713-718.
[10]侯军宁,李继云.土壤硒的形态及有效硒的提取[J].土壤学报,1990,27(4):405-410.
[11]瞿建国,徐伯兴,龚书椿.上海不同地区土壤中硒的形态分布及其有效性研究[J].土壤学报,1998,35(3):398-403.
[12]赵成义,任景华.酸性土壤有效态硒浸提方法的研究[J].干旱环境监测,1991,5(1):38-42.
[13]赵成义.土壤硒的生物有效性研究[J].中国环境科学,2004,24(2):184-187.
[14]李辉勇,刘鹏,刘军鸽,等.酸性水稻土有效硒提取剂的比较研究[J].生态环境,2003,12(1):12-14.
[15]汤志云,肖灵,张培新,等.多目标生态地球化学调查土壤样品中砷硒锑有效态分析方法的商榷[J].岩矿测试,2004,23(3):173-178.
[16]温国灿,黄艳,郭永玲,等.酸性土壤有效硒提取条件优化的研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(5):1996-2000.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[18]瞿建国,徐伯兴,龚书椿.氢化物发生-无色散原子荧光光度法测定土壤中有效硒和总硒[J].土壤通报,1998,29(1):47-49.
[19]吴雄平,鲍俊丹,伊田,等.石灰性土壤有效硒浸提剂和浸提条件研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(5):931-936.
[20]刘军鸽,刘鹏,葛旦之,等.淹水土壤有效硒提取剂的比较研究[J].湖南农业大学学报,2000,26(1):5-8.
[21]汤丽玲,范辉,马生明,等.AB-DTPA通用浸提剂测定土壤地球化学样品元素有效性的可行性研究[J].物探化探计算技术,2007,29(增刊):238-242,291.
[22]Dean A M,Donald L S.Selenium speciation of soil/sediment determined with sequential extractions and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrophotometry[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1997,31:133-139.
[23]季汝泉,杨明姸.过磷酸钙中有效磷的提取方法[J].磷肥与复肥,2005,20(5):68.
[24]刘乐君.氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定痕量硒[J].企业技术开发,2003(4):9-12.