孙疃矿区地下水化学特征及其控制因素研究
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摘要
为了研究孙疃矿区地下水化学特征及其控制因素,先后采集矿区内31组水样,综合运用数理统计、Piper三线图、相关性分析、Gibbs模型以及离子比例系数等方法,系统分析了孙疃矿区地下水化学特征。结果表明:研究区各含水层pH值平均为8.4,水质呈弱碱性,各含水层中阳离子以K~++Na~+为主,阴离子以SO_4~(2-)和HCO_3~-为主,TDS平均为976.77mg/L,7-8煤、10煤上下含水层水质类型为HCO_3-Na+K型和HCO_3·Cl-Na+K型,太原组灰岩含水层水质类型为HCO_3·ClNa+K·Mg型,奥陶系含水层水质类型为SO_4·HCO_3·Cl-Na+K·Ca·Mg型,水样在Gibbs图中的分布和主成分分析表明,各含水层中离子组成受岩石风化溶解控制,人类活动对水化学影响较小,离子比表明含水层中HCO_3~-、Na~+和K~+主要来自钾长石、钠长石等硅酸盐类矿物的溶解,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)主要受自碳酸盐以及硫酸类矿物的控制。
In order to study the chemical characteristics and control factors of groundwater in Suntuan Mining Area,31 groups of water samples in Suntuan Mining Area are successively collected,and the chemical characteristics of groundwater in Suntuan Mining Area are systematically analyzed by means of mathematical statistics,Piper’s three-line diagram,correlation analysis,Gibbs model and ion proportional coefficient and other methods.The results show that:the p H is 8.4 on average,each aquifer in the study area water quality is weak alkaline,cation is given priority to with K~++Na~+in each aquifer,anion SO_4~(2-)and HCO_3~-primarily,TDS with an average of 976.77mg/L,7-8、10 coal and coal aquifer water quality type of HCO_3-Na+K type and HCO_3·Cl-Na+K type,the water quality of taiyuan group limestone aquifer types for HCO_3·Cl-Na+K·Mg,the Ordovician aquifer water quality type of SO_4·HCO_3·Cl-Na+K·Ca·Mg,Water samples in Gibbs figure and principal component analysis showed that the distribution in each aquifer of ion controlled by rock weathering dissolution and human activities on water chemistry affect smaller,than in the aquifer HCO_3~-,Na~+and K~+mainly from potassium feldspar,sodium feldspar dissolution of silicate minerals,such as Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)mainly controlled by the carbonate and sulfate minerals.
In order to study the chemical characteristics and control factors of groundwater in Suntuan Mining Area,31 groups of water samples in Suntuan Mining Area are successively collected,and the chemical characteristics of groundwater in Suntuan Mining Area are systematically analyzed by means of mathematical statistics,Piper’s three-line diagram,correlation analysis,Gibbs model and ion proportional coefficient and other methods.The results show that:the p H is 8.4 on average,each aquifer in the study area water quality is weak alkaline,cation is given priority to with K~++Na~+in each aquifer,anion SO_4~(2-)and HCO_3~-primarily,TDS with an average of 976.77mg/L,7-8、10 coal and coal aquifer water quality type of HCO_3-Na+K type and HCO_3·Cl-Na+K type,the water quality of taiyuan group limestone aquifer types for HCO_3·Cl-Na+K·Mg,the Ordovician aquifer water quality type of SO_4·HCO_3·Cl-Na+K·Ca·Mg,Water samples in Gibbs figure and principal component analysis showed that the distribution in each aquifer of ion controlled by rock weathering dissolution and human activities on water chemistry affect smaller,than in the aquifer HCO_3~-,Na~+and K~+mainly from potassium feldspar,sodium feldspar dissolution of silicate minerals,such as Ca~(2+)and Mg~(2+)mainly controlled by the carbonate and sulfate minerals.
引文
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[2]窦妍.鄂尔多斯盆地北部白垩系地下水水文地球化学演化及循环规律研究[D].西安:长安大学,2010.
[3]王新峰.水文地质学基础(第六版)[J].水文地质工程地质,2011(3):30.
[4]HUANG P,CHEN J.Recharge sources andhydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the coal-mining district of Jiaozuo[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2012,20(4):739-754.
[5]张乐中,曹海东.利用水化学特征识别桑树坪煤矿突水水源[J].煤田地质与勘探,2013,41(4):42-45.
[6]陈陆望,刘鑫,殷晓曦,等.采动影响下井田主要充水含水层水化学环境演化分析[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(S2):362-367.
[7]张秋霞,周建伟,康凤新,等.淄博煤矿区地下水污染水动力和同位素解析[J].环境科学与技术,2016(8):116-122.
[8]徐星,郭兵兵,王公忠.人工神经网络在矿井多水源识别中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2016,12(1):181-185.
[9]刘剑民,王继仁,刘银朋,等.基于水化学分析的煤矿矿井突水水源判别[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(1):31-35.
[10]MA L,QIAN J,ZHAO W,et al.Hydrogeochemical analysis of multiple aquifers in a coal mine based on nonlinear PCA and GIS[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2016,75(8):1-14.
[11]李红梅,赵春侠,刘年平,等.煤层底板突水危险性的Bayes判别分析模型及应用[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(2):174-177.
[12]HAN Y,WANG G,CRAVOTTA C A,et al.Hydrogeochemical evolution of Ordovician limestone groundwater in Yanzhou[J].Hydrological Processes,2012,27(16):2247-2257.
[13]孙林华,桂和荣.皖北桃源矿深部含水层地下水地球化学数理统计分析[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(S2):442-447.
[14]王君波,朱立平,鞠建廷,等.西藏纳木错东部湖水及入湖河流水化学特征初步研究[J].地理科学,2009,29(2):288-293.
[15]周俊,吴艳宏.贡嘎山海螺沟水化学主离子特征及其控制因素[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):378-384.
[16]王鹏,尚英男,沈立成,等.青藏高原淡水湖泊水化学组成特征及其演化[J].环境科学,2013,34(3):874-881.
[17]洪涛,谢运球,喻崎雯,等.乌蒙山重点地区地下水水化学特征及成因分析[J].地球与环境,2016,44(1):11-18.