滇西北衙金多金属矿床金的赋存状态研究
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摘要
利用光薄片鉴定、X射线衍射、主要化学成分分析、物相分析、扫描电镜背散射和载金矿物能谱分析等方法,对滇西北衙金多金属矿床万硐山矿段原生矿石中金等主要元素的赋存状态进行研究。研究表明,金的赋存形式主要有裂隙金、粒间金、包裹金,少量连生金。载金矿物以磁铁矿、菱铁矿为主,所占比例达到84.23%,其次是黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、辉银矿、斑铜矿、磁黄铁矿、闪锌矿、斜方辉铅铋矿、石英和黑云母等。自然金的粒度按金矿物面积统计主要以显微极微粒金(0.2~5μm)、显微微粒金(5~10μm)、显微细粒金(10~20μm)及显微中粒金(20~50μm)为主,分别占17.87%、28.16%、28.19%和25.78%。按颗粒数量统计,以显微极微粒金(0.2~5μm)为主,占89.94%,其他3个粒级分别占6.51%、2.31%和1.18%,显微极微粒金粒数量多但极细,质量占比非常小,而显微微粒金—显微中粒金数量少颗粒相对大,质量占比大。电子探针和物相分析显示,矿石中金主要以独立矿物存在,包括大量的自然金和少量的银金矿,金的平均成色为890,金矿物的成色和特征反映金矿形成条件为高—中温和中等形成深度以及成矿流体主要属岩浆热液。
Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in northwestern Yunnan Province,China is the first worldclass super large porphyry-skarn type gold-polymetallic deposit discovered in Yunnan Province.Microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to study the modes of occurrence of gold. 169 grains of native gold were recognized,including fissure-filling,intergranular and inclusion gold,and a small number of interlocking gold as well. The gold-hosting minerals are mainly magnetite and siderite,accounting for 84. 23% of the total gold-hosting minerals,moreover,minor pyrite,chalcopyrite,galena,argentite,bornite,pyrrhotite,sphalerite,cosalite,biotite and quartz are also identified as gold-hosting minerals. On the basis of statistics,the gold granularity is mainly characterized by micro extra particulate( 0. 2 ~ 5μm),micro particulate( 5 ~ 10μm),micro fine particulate( 10 ~ 20μm),and microscopic medium( 20 ~ 50μm) grained gold,accounting for 17. 87%,28. 16%,28. 19% and25. 78%,respectively. In grain number,the micro extra particulate( 0. 2 ~ 5μm) observed in thesample is more mumerous than micro particulate( 5 ~ 10μm) and microscopic medium( 20 ~ 50μm)grained gold,but smaller in total distribution area. Micro particulate( 5 ~ 10μm) and microscopic medium( 20 ~ 50μm) grained gold play an important role in the ore grade and total resource. Electron microprobe analysis and phase analysis show that gold occurs mainly as independent gold minerals. The gold minerals are mainly native gold and secondarily electrum. The average fineness of gold is 890,which indicates that gold formed under the conditions of medium-low temperature and medium-shallow depth. The ore-forming fluids mainly came from magmatic hydrothermal fluids which were differentiated from the central porphyries.
Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in northwestern Yunnan Province,China is the first worldclass super large porphyry-skarn type gold-polymetallic deposit discovered in Yunnan Province.Microscope and scanning electron microscope were used to study the modes of occurrence of gold. 169 grains of native gold were recognized,including fissure-filling,intergranular and inclusion gold,and a small number of interlocking gold as well. The gold-hosting minerals are mainly magnetite and siderite,accounting for 84. 23% of the total gold-hosting minerals,moreover,minor pyrite,chalcopyrite,galena,argentite,bornite,pyrrhotite,sphalerite,cosalite,biotite and quartz are also identified as gold-hosting minerals. On the basis of statistics,the gold granularity is mainly characterized by micro extra particulate( 0. 2 ~ 5μm),micro particulate( 5 ~ 10μm),micro fine particulate( 10 ~ 20μm),and microscopic medium( 20 ~ 50μm) grained gold,accounting for 17. 87%,28. 16%,28. 19% and25. 78%,respectively. In grain number,the micro extra particulate( 0. 2 ~ 5μm) observed in thesample is more mumerous than micro particulate( 5 ~ 10μm) and microscopic medium( 20 ~ 50μm)grained gold,but smaller in total distribution area. Micro particulate( 5 ~ 10μm) and microscopic medium( 20 ~ 50μm) grained gold play an important role in the ore grade and total resource. Electron microprobe analysis and phase analysis show that gold occurs mainly as independent gold minerals. The gold minerals are mainly native gold and secondarily electrum. The average fineness of gold is 890,which indicates that gold formed under the conditions of medium-low temperature and medium-shallow depth. The ore-forming fluids mainly came from magmatic hydrothermal fluids which were differentiated from the central porphyries.
引文
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[19]姜文涛,李文昌,王建华,等.滇西北衙金多金属矿床PGE和微量元素地球化学特征及其成因意义[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):397-398.
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[32]He W Y,Mo X X,He Z H,et al.The geology and mineralogy of the Beiya skarn gold deposit in Yunnan,Southwest China[J].Economic Geology,2015,110(6):1625-1641.
[33]Li W C,Wang J H,He Z H,et al.Formation of Au-polymetallic ore deposits in alkaline porphyries at Beiya,Yunnan,Southwest China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2016,73:241-252.
[34]Liu B,Liu H,Zhang C Q,et al.Geochemistry and geochronology of porphyries from the Beiya gold-polymetallic orefield,western Yunnan,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,69:360-379.
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(1)云南黄金矿业集团股份有限公司.云南省鹤庆县北衙铁金矿资源储量核实报告(五期)[R].2014.
(1)北京矿冶研究总院.鹤庆北衙有限公司多金属矿选矿试验研究报告[R].2014.
[2]崔银亮,晏建国,陈贤胜.滇西北衙金矿床找矿标志和找矿模式研究[J].黄金,2003,24(7):7-10.
[3]邓军,李文昌,符德贵,等.西南三江南段新生代金成矿系统[M].北京:地质出版社,2012:1-314.
[4]和文言,喻学惠,莫宣学,等.滇西北衙多金属矿田矿床成因类型及其与富碱斑岩关系初探[J].岩石学报,2012,28(5):1401-1412.
[5]和文言,莫宣学,喻学惠,等.滇西北衙金多金属矿床锆石U-Pb和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2013,29(4):1301-1310.
[6]和中华,周云满,和文言,等.滇西北衙超大型金多金属矿床成因类型及成矿规律[J].矿床地质,2013,32(2):244-258.
[7]和中华,符德贵,周云满,等.云南北衙超大型金多金属矿床整装勘查新认识[J].云南地质,2014,33(增刊):119-131.
[8]和中华,官德任,和文言,等.滇西北衙超大型金多金属矿床勘查模型[J].矿床地质,2016,35(2):261-282.
[9]崔银亮,陈贤胜,晏建国.北衙红色粘土型金矿地质特征和成矿条件[J].矿物学报,2001,21(4):654-658.
[10]刘河清,毕献武,卢焕章,等.滇西北衙金多金属矿床成矿流体系统研究[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):598.
[11]谭威,韩润生,王雷,等.滇西北北衙金多金属矿床稀土元素地球化学[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):340.
[12]甫为民,胡朝平.鹤庆北衙富碱斑岩侵入体的岩石学特征及其构造环境[J].云南地质,1994,13(1):33-41.
[13]刘飞,韩润生,王雷,等.滇西北北衙斑岩型金多金属矿床构造控矿作用分析[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):414-415.
[14]宋焕斌,何明勤.滇西北衙金矿床的二次成矿作用[J].昆明工学院学报,1994,19(4):15-20.
[15]王建华,李文昌,王可勇,等.滇西北衙斑岩型金多金属矿床成矿流体特征及其演化[J].岩石学报,2015,31(11):3269-3280.
[16]王明志,韩润生,王雷,等.滇西北北衙金矿床万硐山-笔架山矿段构造地球化学特征[J].中国地质,2016,43(1):238-248.
[17]吴开兴,胡瑞忠,毕献武,等.滇西北衙金矿蚀变斑岩中的流体包裹体研究[J].矿物岩石,2005,25(2):20-26.
[18]肖骑彬,蔡新平,徐兴旺.云南北衙表生金矿形成与保存探讨[J].矿床地质,2003,22(4):401-407.
[19]姜文涛,李文昌,王建华,等.滇西北衙金多金属矿床PGE和微量元素地球化学特征及其成因意义[J].矿物学报,2015,35(S1):397-398.
[20]徐受民,莫宣学,曾普胜,等.滇西北衙富碱斑岩的特征及成因[J].现代地质,2006,20(4):527-535.
[21]徐兴旺,蔡新平,宋保昌,等.滇西北衙金矿区碱性斑岩岩石学、年代学和地球化学特征及其成因机制[J].岩石学报,2006,22(3):631-642.
[22]薛传东,侯增谦,刘星,等.滇西北北衙金多金属矿田的成岩成矿作用:对印-亚碰撞造山过程的响应[J].岩石学报,2008,24(3):457-472.
[23]吴开兴,胡瑞忠,毕献武,等.滇西北衙金矿方解石的碳氧同位素特征及其成因[J].矿物学报,2010,30(4):463-469.
[24]杨剑,唐发伟,王桥,等.云南北衙地区成矿地球化学特征及找矿方向[J].中国地质,2015,42(6):1989-1999.
[25]应汉龙,蔡新平.云南北衙矿区富碱斑岩正长石和白云母的40Ar-39Ar年龄[J].地质科学,2004,39(1):107-110.
[26]钟昆明,杨世瑜.云南北衙金矿构造地球化学成矿预测标志[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2000,19(4):393-394.
[27]周云满,符德贵,和中华,等.滇西鹤庆县北衙金多金属矿勘查突破[A].云南省国土资源厅,云南省地质学会.云南省3年地质找矿行动计划成果及论文集[C].昆明,2013:72-82.
[28]周云满,符德贵,和中华,等.滇西鹤庆北衙金多金属矿整装勘查实现重大突破[J].云南地质,2014,33(增刊):40-47.
[29]周云满,王利东,梅文周,等.实现整装勘查找矿突破的问题与举措[J].西南地质经济,2015,189(2):1-12.
[30]Fu Y,Sun X M,Lin H,et al.Geochronology of the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and its relationship with the petrogenesis of alkaline porphyry[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,71:138-149.
[31]Fu Y,Sun X M,Zhou H Y,et al.In-situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology and trace elements analysis of polygenetic titanite from the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province,Southwest China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2016,77:43-56.
[32]He W Y,Mo X X,He Z H,et al.The geology and mineralogy of the Beiya skarn gold deposit in Yunnan,Southwest China[J].Economic Geology,2015,110(6):1625-1641.
[33]Li W C,Wang J H,He Z H,et al.Formation of Au-polymetallic ore deposits in alkaline porphyries at Beiya,Yunnan,Southwest China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2016,73:241-252.
[34]Liu B,Liu H,Zhang C Q,et al.Geochemistry and geochronology of porphyries from the Beiya gold-polymetallic orefield,western Yunnan,China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2015,69:360-379.
[35]潘桂棠,肖庆辉,陆松年,等.中国大地构造单元划分[J].中国地质,2009,36(1):1-28.
[36]徐志刚,陈毓川,王登红,等.中国成矿区带划分方案[M].北京:地质出版社,2008:1-138.
[37]周云满,毛景文,符德贵,等.滇西地区金铜铅锌矿典型矿床及成矿规律研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2016:394-439.
[38]姚敬劬.我国岩金矿床中自然金粒度分布的某些特征及意义[J].矿物岩石地球化学通讯,1991,10(3):152-154.
[39]孟繁聪,孙岱生,寸珪.胶东金矿金成色及其指标意义[J].黄金地质,1998,4(4):30-32.
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