渤海中部COD的时空分布特征及其对富营养化的贡献分析
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摘要
以2013年春、夏、秋、冬4个季节对渤海中部海区的调查数据为依据,对调查海域表、中、底层水体的化学耗氧量(Chemical oxygen demand,COD)的时空分布、来源及其对富营养化的贡献等进行了分析。结果显示,调查海域COD平均含量以夏季最高,秋季次之,春季最低。垂直分布差异表现为春季表层最高,中层最低;夏季表层最高,底层最低;秋季和冬季均为中层最高,底层最低。各站位COD平均浓度水平分布在春季无明显的高值出现,含量分布较均匀,夏季COD从西向东呈降低趋势,高值主要分布于西部海域;秋季和冬季COD从北向南呈递减趋势,高值分布于调查海域北部。调查海域各站位营养指数E值变化范围为0.088–2.995,平均值为0.337±0.403,大于1的站位有25个,其中,秋季20个,冬季5个,表明大部分调查海域水质未达到富营养化状态,处于较低营养水平。COD对调查海域富营养化的贡献率为46.15%–141.41%,平均值为(71.36±14.98)%,表明COD在渤海海区富营养化中占据了主要地位。
The temporal and spatial distribution of chemical oxygen demand(COD) in different water layers, and its source and contribution to eutrophication were analyzed in this study based on data collected in the Bohai Sea in all 4 seasons of 2013. The results showed that the highest average concentration of COD appeared in summer, followed by autumn; while the lowest concentration appeared in spring. The analysis about vertical distribution of COD showed that the highest and lowest concentrations of COD appeared in the surface and middle layers in spring, and they appeared in the surface and bottom layers respectively in summer; in autumn and winter they were observed in the middle and bottom layers. As for the horizontal distribution the average COD concentration was distributed quite evenly in spring; in summer COD concentration was the highest in the western sea area and displayed a gradual decrease from the west to the east; in winter the highest concentration was detected in the northern area and it dropped from the north to the south. During the survey period, the COD level in most stations met the first-class seawater quality standard. The E value ranged from 0.088 to 2.995, and the average was 0.337±0.403. There were 25 stations in which the E values were above 1, including 20 stations in autumn and 5 stations in winter. These results indicated that the surveyed regions might not undergo eutrophication. The contribution of COD to eutrophication ranged from 46.15% to 141.41%, and the average was(71.36±14.98)%, which suggested that COD played an important role in the eutrophication of the Bohai Sea.
The temporal and spatial distribution of chemical oxygen demand(COD) in different water layers, and its source and contribution to eutrophication were analyzed in this study based on data collected in the Bohai Sea in all 4 seasons of 2013. The results showed that the highest average concentration of COD appeared in summer, followed by autumn; while the lowest concentration appeared in spring. The analysis about vertical distribution of COD showed that the highest and lowest concentrations of COD appeared in the surface and middle layers in spring, and they appeared in the surface and bottom layers respectively in summer; in autumn and winter they were observed in the middle and bottom layers. As for the horizontal distribution the average COD concentration was distributed quite evenly in spring; in summer COD concentration was the highest in the western sea area and displayed a gradual decrease from the west to the east; in winter the highest concentration was detected in the northern area and it dropped from the north to the south. During the survey period, the COD level in most stations met the first-class seawater quality standard. The E value ranged from 0.088 to 2.995, and the average was 0.337±0.403. There were 25 stations in which the E values were above 1, including 20 stations in autumn and 5 stations in winter. These results indicated that the surveyed regions might not undergo eutrophication. The contribution of COD to eutrophication ranged from 46.15% to 141.41%, and the average was(71.36±14.98)%, which suggested that COD played an important role in the eutrophication of the Bohai Sea.
引文
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蓝文陆,杨绍美,苏伟.环钦州湾河流入海污染物通量及其对海水生态环境的影响.广西科学,2012,19(3):257-262
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王颢,石晓勇,张传松,等.2004年春季东海赤潮高发区COD及其与赤潮关系的初步研究.海洋科学,2008,32(12):82-86
王修林,崔正国,李克强,等.渤海COD入海通量估算及其分配容量优化研究.海洋环境科学,2009,28(5):497-500
苏一兵,雷坤,孟伟.陆域活动对渤海海岸带的影响.中国水利,2003(3B):75-80
李立青,尹澄清.雨、污合流制城区降雨径流污染的迁移转化过程与来源研究.环境科学,2009,30(2):368-375
张艳,李秋芬,孙雪梅,等.浒苔腐烂过程中水体细菌群落结构变化的PCR-DGGE分析.中国水产科学,2012,19(5):872-880
张运林,杨龙元,秦伯强,等.太湖北部湖区COD浓度空间分布及与其它要素的相关性研究.环境科学,2008,29(6):1457-1462
杨斌,钟秋平,鲁栋梁,等.钦州湾海域COD时空分布及对富营养化贡献分析.海洋科学,2014,38(3):20-25
杨美兰,林钦,黄洪辉,等.珠江口水域化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征.海洋通报,2005,24(4):22-26
杨树珍.渤、黄海海域环境不容乐观.海洋信息,1997(l):27-28
周爱国,蔡鹤生.地质环境质量评价理论与应用.武汉:地质大学出版社,1998
胡敦欣,韩舞鹰,章申.长江、珠江口及邻近海域陆海相互作用.北京:海洋出版社,2001,10-14
袁宇,朱京海,侯永顺,等.辽东湾入海污染物调查及海域水质安全分析.中国安全科学学报,2008,18(2):12-16
郭全,王修林,韩秀荣,等.渤海海区COD分布及对海水富营养化贡献分析.海洋科学,2005,29(9):71-75
国家海洋局.2008年渤海海洋环境质量公报.2009
蓝文陆,杨绍美,苏伟.环钦州湾河流入海污染物通量及其对海水生态环境的影响.广西科学,2012,19(3):257-262
Kawabe M,Kawabe M.Factors determining chemical oxygen demand in Tokyo Bay.J Oceanogr,1997,53(5):443-453
Shen ZL.A study on the relationships of the nutrients near the Changjiang River Estuary with the flow of the Changjiang River water.Chin J Oceanol Limnol,1993,11(3):260-267