太湖流域上游东苕溪干流沉积物和悬浮物的氮形态分布及影响因素
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摘要
氮是影响和控制水体富营养化的重要因素,不同形态的氮对水体富营养化贡献不同.使用连续提取法对东苕溪干流悬浮物、表层沉积物样品中各形态氮含量进行测定,探讨各形态氮的分布特征及其影响因素.结果表明,东苕溪水体氮污染严重,总氮浓度均值为4.48 mg/L.悬浮物中各形态氮含量均高于沉积物,其中悬浮物中铁锰氧化态氮(IMOF-N)含量所占比例最大,均值为1506.94 mg/kg;沉积物中有机硫化物结合态氮(OSF-N)含量最高,均值为625.31 mg/kg.IMOFN、OSF-N含量受阳离子交换量、粒径影响显著,均与总氮浓度显著相关.相关性分析表明水体的性质对IMOF-N及OSF-N含量影响较显著,并且总体上对悬浮物的影响强于沉积物.另外,悬浮物有助于水体中的氮发生硝化反应向硝态氮转化,沉积物则有助于水体的氮发生还原作用向氨氮转化.在一定程度上,水体中的悬浮物对藻类具有抑制作用.
Nitrogen is a dominant nutrient influencing and controlling eutrophication,and different nitrogen forms can make diverse contributions to water quality. The contents of different nitrogen forms in suspended sediments and surface sediment of East Tiaoxi River were determined by sequential extraction procedure. In addition,their distribution characteristics and influence factors were discussed. The results showed that the nitrogen pollution in East Tiaoxi River were serious with an average concentration of 4.48mg/L,and the water quality in the middle reach of East Tiaoxi River was better than that in the upper and lower reaches. The amounts of four nitrogen forms in suspended sediments were significantly higher than those in surface sediment,in addition,the percentage of iron-manganese oxides bound nitrogen( IMOF-N) with the mean concentration of 1506.94 mg/kg were higher than that of other three nitrogen forms in suspended sediment. The percentage of organic matter-sulfide bound nitrogen( OSF-N) with the mean of 625.31 mg/kg was highest in surface sediment. IMOF-N and OSF-N contents were significantly affected by cation exchange capacity and particle size in both suspended sediments and surface sediments,and they were also significantly correlated with total nitrogen( TN),indicating that IMOF-N and OSF-N were the main fractions of TN. The correlation results showed that the water quality had significant influence on IMOF-N and OSF-N,and the influence of water on suspended sediments was stronger than that on surface sediments. Furthermore,suspended particulates were beneficial to produce nitrate nitrogen in water. In contrast,sediments were available for generating ammonia nitrogen in water,and to some extent,suspended sediments has inhibitory effect on algae.
Nitrogen is a dominant nutrient influencing and controlling eutrophication,and different nitrogen forms can make diverse contributions to water quality. The contents of different nitrogen forms in suspended sediments and surface sediment of East Tiaoxi River were determined by sequential extraction procedure. In addition,their distribution characteristics and influence factors were discussed. The results showed that the nitrogen pollution in East Tiaoxi River were serious with an average concentration of 4.48mg/L,and the water quality in the middle reach of East Tiaoxi River was better than that in the upper and lower reaches. The amounts of four nitrogen forms in suspended sediments were significantly higher than those in surface sediment,in addition,the percentage of iron-manganese oxides bound nitrogen( IMOF-N) with the mean concentration of 1506.94 mg/kg were higher than that of other three nitrogen forms in suspended sediment. The percentage of organic matter-sulfide bound nitrogen( OSF-N) with the mean of 625.31 mg/kg was highest in surface sediment. IMOF-N and OSF-N contents were significantly affected by cation exchange capacity and particle size in both suspended sediments and surface sediments,and they were also significantly correlated with total nitrogen( TN),indicating that IMOF-N and OSF-N were the main fractions of TN. The correlation results showed that the water quality had significant influence on IMOF-N and OSF-N,and the influence of water on suspended sediments was stronger than that on surface sediments. Furthermore,suspended particulates were beneficial to produce nitrate nitrogen in water. In contrast,sediments were available for generating ammonia nitrogen in water,and to some extent,suspended sediments has inhibitory effect on algae.
引文
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[11]López-Tarazón JA,López P,Lobera G et al.Suspended sediment,carbon and nitrogen transport in a regulated Pyrenean river.Science of the Total Environment,2015,540:133.
[12]Wang Gongqin,Zhu Zhu,Zhang Shuo.Nitrogen forms in the surface sediment of Haizhou Bay and their ecological significance.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2016,36(2):450-457.DOI:10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2015.0493.[王功芹,朱珠,张硕.海州湾表层沉积物中氮的赋存形态及其生态意义.环境科学学报,2016,36(2):450-457.]
[13]Wang Mei,Liu Yan,Zheng Binghui et al.Nitrogen forms in surface sediments of urban river and their influence factors:A case study of Qingyi River in Xuchang City.China Environmental Science,2014,34(3):720-726.[王梅,刘琰,郑丙辉等.城市内河表层沉积物氮形态及影响因素——以许昌清潩河为例.中国环境科学,2014,34(3):720-726.]
[14]Hu Haiying,Huang Guoru.Variation trends of rainfall and flood in Dongtiaoxi Basin.Water Power,2012,38(8):14-16.[胡海英,黄国如.东苕溪流域暴雨洪水变化趋势分析.水力发电,2012,38(8):14-16.]
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[17]Xu Bingbing,Lu Feng,Huang Qinghui et al.Forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and their spatial variability in East Tiaoxi River.China Environmental Science,2016,36(4):1181-1188.[徐兵兵,卢峰,黄清辉等.东苕溪水体氮、磷形态分析及其空间差异性.中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1181-1188.]
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[19]Zhang Lei,Qin Yanwen,Zheng Binghui et al.Nitrogen forms and its distribution character in immerged and water-levelfluctuating zone soils of the backwater reach from input river of Three Gorges Reservoir.Environment and Science,2009,30(10):2884-2890.DOI:10.13227/j.hjkx.2009.10.010.[张雷,秦延文,郑丙辉等.三峡入库河流大宁河回水区浸没土壤及消落带土壤氮形态及分布特征.环境科学,2009,30(10):2884-2890.]
[20]Liu Dehong,Yu Juhua,Zhong Jicheng et al.Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loading and migration in typical river networks in Taihu lake basin.China Environmental Science,2016,36(1):125-132.[刘德鸿,余居华,钟继承等.太湖流域典型河网水体氮磷负荷及迁移特征.中国环境科学,2016,36(1):125-132.]
[21]Li Zhengyang,Yuan Xuyin,Wang Huan et al.Distribution and evaluation of nutrients from water,suspended sediment and surface sediment in the main stream of the Xitiaoxi River.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2015,24(7):1150-1156.DOI:10.11870/cjlyzyyhj201507010.[李正阳,袁旭音,王欢等.西苕溪干流水体、悬浮物和表层沉积物中营养盐分布特征与水质评价.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(7):1150-1156.]
[22]Li Wei.The research on comprehensive evaluation of surface water quality and simulation of non-point source pollution within Tiaoxi watershed[Dissertation].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.[李伟.苕溪流域地表水水质综合评价与非点源污染模拟研究[学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2013.]
[23]Wang Qinghua,Dong Yanxiang,Zheng Wen et al.Soil geochemical baseline and environmental back ground values of agricultural regions in Zhejing Province.Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2007,23(2):81-88.[汪庆华,董岩翔,郑文等.浙江省土壤地球化学基准值与环境背景值.地质通报,2007,23(2):81-88.]
[24]Wang Shengrui,Jin Xiangcan,Jiao Lixin.Distribution of transferable nitrogen in different grain size from the different trophic level lake sediments.Research of Environmental Sciences,2007,20(3):52-57.DOI:10.13198/j.res.2007.03.54.wangshr.008.[王圣瑞,金相灿,焦立新.不同污染程度湖泊沉积物中不同粒级可转化态氮分布.环境科学研究,2007,20(3):52-57.]
[25]Wang SR,Jin XC,Jiao LX et al.Nitrogen Fractions and release in the sediments from the shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Area,China.Water Air Soil Pollut,2008,187:5-14.DOI:10.1007/s11270-007-9453-6.
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