外置式生物反应器对水库原水中总氮去除的试验
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摘要
利用外置式生物反应器系统对水库Ⅰ中水的原位总氮控制开展了试验研究。结果表明,在适宜的水温下,系统稳定运行20 d后,水库中TN浓度由起始的1.93 mg/L降至0.89 mg/L,TN去除率达53.9%,水质由地表Ⅴ类水标准迅速提升至Ⅲ类水标准,TN降解效果好,时间短。台风后,系统TN去除效果恶化的内外部主要原因调查分析表明,水库库底排水破坏了水库水体的自然分层,导致脱氮环境恶化,降雨地表径流对水库TN也有一定输入,同时底部排水带走了部分反硝化菌,且低温时水库中微生物活性有所降低。该水库属于单季完全或不完全混合型,水质完全混合期不利于TN的控制。底泥的扰动能够改善脱氮环境但对TN控制不利。实际运行中应尽量避免或调整以上不利因素以确保TN去除效果。
In this study,a site test is carried out to investigate total nitrogen( TN) removal in situ by external bioreactor in the reservoirⅠ. The results show that TN in the reservoir has been removed efficiently in warmer water after system's stable operation of 20 d and its concentration reduces from 1. 93 mg/L to 0. 89 mg/L with a TN removal rate of 53. 9%,water quality is improved and complies with category III of National Surface Water Quality Standards( GB 3838—2002) compared with its raw water quality of category V. The primary cause of system deterioration after typhoon where TN removal efficiency decreased from internal and external origin is also explored and analyzed. The main results are that natural stratification of water quality in reservoir under different depth and water temperature is destroyed by human draining off water from the bottom of the reservoir,which leads to the deterioration of nitrogen removal condition. The surface runoff of rainfall has put a certain sum of TN to the reservoir. Meanwhile,some partial denitrification bacteria from reservoir sediment are carried out of the reservoir by drainage from the bottom of reservoir. In addition,the activity of biomass under lower water temperature decreases. The reservoir belongs to complete and incomplete mixing type in single season,and complete mixing of water in reservoir is unfavorable to the decrease of TN concentration. Finally,the influence of disturbance of sediment is not beneficial to control TN to a low level,but improves nitrogen removal environment. The above mentioned adverse factors ought to be avoided and adjusted to get better TN removal efficiency in the practical operation.
In this study,a site test is carried out to investigate total nitrogen( TN) removal in situ by external bioreactor in the reservoirⅠ. The results show that TN in the reservoir has been removed efficiently in warmer water after system's stable operation of 20 d and its concentration reduces from 1. 93 mg/L to 0. 89 mg/L with a TN removal rate of 53. 9%,water quality is improved and complies with category III of National Surface Water Quality Standards( GB 3838—2002) compared with its raw water quality of category V. The primary cause of system deterioration after typhoon where TN removal efficiency decreased from internal and external origin is also explored and analyzed. The main results are that natural stratification of water quality in reservoir under different depth and water temperature is destroyed by human draining off water from the bottom of the reservoir,which leads to the deterioration of nitrogen removal condition. The surface runoff of rainfall has put a certain sum of TN to the reservoir. Meanwhile,some partial denitrification bacteria from reservoir sediment are carried out of the reservoir by drainage from the bottom of reservoir. In addition,the activity of biomass under lower water temperature decreases. The reservoir belongs to complete and incomplete mixing type in single season,and complete mixing of water in reservoir is unfavorable to the decrease of TN concentration. Finally,the influence of disturbance of sediment is not beneficial to control TN to a low level,but improves nitrogen removal environment. The above mentioned adverse factors ought to be avoided and adjusted to get better TN removal efficiency in the practical operation.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国环境保护部.2016中国环境公报[R].2017-06-05.
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[3]吴琼,崔树彬,罗欢,等.大气湿沉降对河道型水源水库富营养化贡献数模研究[J].人民珠江,2014,35(5):8-11.
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[12]卢俊平,刘延玺,马太玲,等.沙源区水库氮磷营养盐时空分布与相关性分析[J].人民黄河,2015,37(4):81-84.
[13]KERR J G,BURFORD M,OLLEY J,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorous storage in contrasting reaches of a sub-tropical river system[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2011,217(1-4):523-534.
[14]苟婷,李思阳,许振成,等.高州水库沉积物中总氮与总磷的分布特征研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(7):31-35.
[15]魏岚,刘传平,邹献中,等.广东省不同水库底泥理化性质对内源氮磷释放影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1304-1310.
[16]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:80-491.
[2]中华人民共和国水利部.2016年中国水资源公报[R].2017-07-11.
[3]吴琼,崔树彬,罗欢,等.大气湿沉降对河道型水源水库富营养化贡献数模研究[J].人民珠江,2014,35(5):8-11.
[4]马乐宽,赵康平,赵越,等.库型水体总氮总量控制目标的区域分配研究[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(3):54-57.
[5]SHRESTHA R R,DIBIKE Y B,PROWSE T D.Modeling of climateinduced hydrological changes in Lake Winnipeg watershed[J].Journal of Great Lakes Research,2012,38(3):83-94.
[6]串丽敏,赵同科,安志装,等.土壤硝态氮淋溶及氮素利用研究进展[J].中国农学报,2010,26(11):200-205.
[7]BARNES R T,RAYMOND P A.Land-use controls on sources and processing of nitrate in small watersheds:Insights from dual isotopic analysis[J].Ecological Applications,2010,20(7):1961-1978.
[8]曾康,黄延林,马卫星,等.金盆水库汛期高浊水径流的潜入及热分层水体水质相应[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(9):2778-2786.
[9]WEI L,DINGGUO J,TAO C.Effects of Flood on Thermal Structure of a Stratified Reservoir[J].Procedia Environmental Sciences,2011(10):1811-1817.
[10]吴志旭,刘明亮,兰佳,等.新安江水库(千岛湖)湖泊区夏季热分层期间垂向理化及浮游植物特征[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(3):460-465.
[11]JONES J R,KNOWLTON M F,OBRECHT D V,et al.Temperature and oxygen in Missouri Reservoirs[J].Lake and Reservoir Management,2011,27(2):173-182.
[12]卢俊平,刘延玺,马太玲,等.沙源区水库氮磷营养盐时空分布与相关性分析[J].人民黄河,2015,37(4):81-84.
[13]KERR J G,BURFORD M,OLLEY J,et al.Nitrogen and phosphorous storage in contrasting reaches of a sub-tropical river system[J].Water Air Soil Pollution,2011,217(1-4):523-534.
[14]苟婷,李思阳,许振成,等.高州水库沉积物中总氮与总磷的分布特征研究[J].环境科学与管理,2014,39(7):31-35.
[15]魏岚,刘传平,邹献中,等.广东省不同水库底泥理化性质对内源氮磷释放影响[J].生态环境学报,2012,21(7):1304-1310.
[16]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:80-491.