氮素处理对不同氮效应型水稻品种产量及群体小气候的影响
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摘要
以前期筛选获得的低氮高效型品种F优498和高氮高效型品种内5优768为试验材料,研究了不同氮素水平下两类型品种产量和群体小气候的差异.结果表明:低氮(N0)条件下,低氮高效型品种产量为7 244.12kg/hm~2,其干物质积累量、氮素干物质生产效率和氮素稻谷生产效率显著高于高氮高效型品种.高氮(N2)条件下,高氮高效型品种产量达11 265.13kg/hm~2;中氮(N1)条件相对低氮增产率达41.50%,其干物质积累量、氮肥吸收利用率和氮肥农学利用率显著高于低氮高效型品种.随施氮量的增加,两类型水稻的群体各部位光照强度逐渐减小,总体表现为:低氮和中氮条件大于高氮条件,穗层和基部光照强度最大值出现的时间也有所延迟.低氮高效型品种在低氮水平、高氮高效型品种在高氮水平,穗层光照强度较大,穗层和基部温度较高而相对湿度较小.群体营造出高温低湿的小气候条件,有利于提高光合速率和增加物质积累,对增产有一定促进作用.
The low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety Fyou 498 and the high-nitrogen and highefficiency variety Nei5you768 from pre-screening were used as materials.This papers studied the differences in the yield and microclimate of population in different nitrogen levels.The results showed that the yield of low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety was 7 244.12 kg/hm~2 in low nitrogen condition(N0),and its dry matter accumulation(DMA),N dry matter production efficiency(NMPE)and N grain production efficiency(NGPE)were significantly higher than those of high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety.In high nitrogen condition(N2),the yield of high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety reached 11 265.13 kg/hm~2,and the yield increase of medium nitrogen condition(N1)was 41.50%relative to N0,and its DMA,N recovery efficiency(NRE)and N agronomic efficiency(NAE)were significantly higher than those of low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety.As the amount of nitrogen is increased,the intensity of light in each part of the two types of rice decreased gradually.The overall performance was as follows:the conditions of N0 and N1 were greater than N2,and the time of the maximum intensity of light intensity at the spike and base was also delayed.Low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety at low nitrogen level and high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety at high nitrogen level,the light intensity of the panicle layer is larger,and the temperature of the panicle layer and the base layer is higher,but the relative humidity is smaller.Create a small group of climatic conditions of high temperature and low humidity,is beneficial to increase the photosynthetic rate and increase the accumulation of material,which has a certain effect on increasing production.
The low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety Fyou 498 and the high-nitrogen and highefficiency variety Nei5you768 from pre-screening were used as materials.This papers studied the differences in the yield and microclimate of population in different nitrogen levels.The results showed that the yield of low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety was 7 244.12 kg/hm~2 in low nitrogen condition(N0),and its dry matter accumulation(DMA),N dry matter production efficiency(NMPE)and N grain production efficiency(NGPE)were significantly higher than those of high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety.In high nitrogen condition(N2),the yield of high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety reached 11 265.13 kg/hm~2,and the yield increase of medium nitrogen condition(N1)was 41.50%relative to N0,and its DMA,N recovery efficiency(NRE)and N agronomic efficiency(NAE)were significantly higher than those of low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety.As the amount of nitrogen is increased,the intensity of light in each part of the two types of rice decreased gradually.The overall performance was as follows:the conditions of N0 and N1 were greater than N2,and the time of the maximum intensity of light intensity at the spike and base was also delayed.Low-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety at low nitrogen level and high-nitrogen and high-efficiency variety at high nitrogen level,the light intensity of the panicle layer is larger,and the temperature of the panicle layer and the base layer is higher,but the relative humidity is smaller.Create a small group of climatic conditions of high temperature and low humidity,is beneficial to increase the photosynthetic rate and increase the accumulation of material,which has a certain effect on increasing production.
引文
[1]李朝苏,谢瑞芝,黄钢,等.稻麦轮作区保护性耕作条件下氮肥对水稻生长发育和产量的调控效应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(3):528-535.
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[3]孙永健,孙园园,蒋明金,等.水氮管理模式对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(9):1639-1649.
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[6]李殿平.水稻生产氮肥运筹对产量及其构成因素的影响[J].北方水稻,2015,45(2):23-24,34.
[7]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,鲁明星,等,湖北省早、中、晚稻施氮增产效应及氮肥利用率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):545-553.
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[9]朴钟泽,韩龙植,高熙宗,等.水稻氮素利用效率的选择效果[J].作物学报,2004,30(7):651-656.
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[11]邱新法,曾燕,黄翠银.影响我国水稻产量的主要气象因子的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(3):356-360.
[12]李升东,王法宏,司纪升,等.垄作小麦群体的光分布特征及其对不同叶位叶片光合速率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):465-468.
[13]张黛静,王真,李雪梅,等.不同群体下小麦花期干物质转运和冠层光分布特性研究[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(10):24-28.
[14]周立宏,李秀芬,赵凤艳,等.不同穗型水稻群体中温湿度特征的研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16):86-90.
[15]张文香,王成瑗,王伯伦,等.寒冷地区温度、光照对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2006(1):16-20.
[16]孙永健,孙园园,蒋明金,等.施肥水平对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4745-4756.
[17]侯云鹏,韩立国,孔丽丽,等.不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):836-845.
[18]马汉云,王青林,祁玉良,等.水稻氮素利用基因型鉴定筛选及其响应研究[J].广东农业科学,2011,21:31-34,46.
[19]于亚辉,徐正进.不同栽培条件下水稻分蘖角度动态变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2006(3):179-181.
[20]GRAVOIS K A,HELMS R S.Path analysis of rice yield and yield components as affected by seeding rate[J].Agron J,1992,84:1-4.
[21]邹应斌.籼型超级杂交水稻高产栽培研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2006(5):1-5.
[22]黄丽芬,全晓艳,张蓉,等.光氮及其互作对水稻干物质积累与分配的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):167-176.
[23]石庆华,潘晓华,钟旭华,等.不同熟期杂交晚稻的氮素吸收特性与产量形成的研究[J].江西农业学报,1991(1):43-50.
[24]鲁艳红,廖育林,汤海涛,等.不同施氮量对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用效率的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2010(4):479-483.
[25]王会民,欧阳由男,刘法谋,等.株型对水稻光能利用效率影响的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2010,16(5):12-15.
[26]杨守仁,张龙步,陈温福,等.水稻超高产育种的理论和方法[J].中国水稻科学,1996(2):115-120.
[27]袁爱平,曹立勇,庄杰云,等.水稻株高、抽穗期和有效穗数的QTL与环境的互作分析[J].遗传学报,2003(10):899-906.
[28]任万军,杨文钰,徐精文,等.弱光对水稻籽粒生长及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003(5):785-790.
[2]胡雅杰,朱大伟,邢志鹏,等.改进施氮运筹对水稻产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(1):12-22.
[3]孙永健,孙园园,蒋明金,等.水氮管理模式对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J].作物学报,2014,40(9):1639-1649.
[4]HASEGAWA H,FURUKAWA Y,KIMURA S D.On-farm assessment of organic amendments effects on nutrient status and nutrient use efficiency of organic rice fields in northeastern Japan[J].Agric Ecosyst Environ,2005,108:350-362.
[5]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,何予卿,等.氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(6):645-653.
[6]李殿平.水稻生产氮肥运筹对产量及其构成因素的影响[J].北方水稻,2015,45(2):23-24,34.
[7]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,鲁明星,等,湖北省早、中、晚稻施氮增产效应及氮肥利用率研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(3):545-553.
[8]于小凤,李进前,田昊,等.影响粳稻品种吸氮能力的根系性状[J].中国农业科学,2011,44(21):4358-4366.
[9]朴钟泽,韩龙植,高熙宗,等.水稻氮素利用效率的选择效果[J].作物学报,2004,30(7):651-656.
[10]陈温福,徐正进.水稻超高产育种理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:211-218.
[11]邱新法,曾燕,黄翠银.影响我国水稻产量的主要气象因子的研究[J].南京气象学院学报,2000,23(3):356-360.
[12]李升东,王法宏,司纪升,等.垄作小麦群体的光分布特征及其对不同叶位叶片光合速率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2009,17(3):465-468.
[13]张黛静,王真,李雪梅,等.不同群体下小麦花期干物质转运和冠层光分布特性研究[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(10):24-28.
[14]周立宏,李秀芬,赵凤艳,等.不同穗型水稻群体中温湿度特征的研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(16):86-90.
[15]张文香,王成瑗,王伯伦,等.寒冷地区温度、光照对水稻产量及品质的影响[J].吉林农业科学,2006(1):16-20.
[16]孙永健,孙园园,蒋明金,等.施肥水平对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特征及产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(24):4745-4756.
[17]侯云鹏,韩立国,孔丽丽,等.不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):836-845.
[18]马汉云,王青林,祁玉良,等.水稻氮素利用基因型鉴定筛选及其响应研究[J].广东农业科学,2011,21:31-34,46.
[19]于亚辉,徐正进.不同栽培条件下水稻分蘖角度动态变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2006(3):179-181.
[20]GRAVOIS K A,HELMS R S.Path analysis of rice yield and yield components as affected by seeding rate[J].Agron J,1992,84:1-4.
[21]邹应斌.籼型超级杂交水稻高产栽培研究进展[J].耕作与栽培,2006(5):1-5.
[22]黄丽芬,全晓艳,张蓉,等.光氮及其互作对水稻干物质积累与分配的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2014,28(2):167-176.
[23]石庆华,潘晓华,钟旭华,等.不同熟期杂交晚稻的氮素吸收特性与产量形成的研究[J].江西农业学报,1991(1):43-50.
[24]鲁艳红,廖育林,汤海涛,等.不同施氮量对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用效率的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2010(4):479-483.
[25]王会民,欧阳由男,刘法谋,等.株型对水稻光能利用效率影响的研究进展[J].中国稻米,2010,16(5):12-15.
[26]杨守仁,张龙步,陈温福,等.水稻超高产育种的理论和方法[J].中国水稻科学,1996(2):115-120.
[27]袁爱平,曹立勇,庄杰云,等.水稻株高、抽穗期和有效穗数的QTL与环境的互作分析[J].遗传学报,2003(10):899-906.
[28]任万军,杨文钰,徐精文,等.弱光对水稻籽粒生长及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2003(5):785-790.