钦州湾海域COD时空分布及对富营养化贡献分析
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摘要
根据2010年4月(春季)和9月(秋季)钦州湾海域现场调查资料,对表层海水中化学需氧量(COD)的时空分布特征进行研究,评价其污染水平,分析COD对该海域富营养化的贡献,并探讨了COD的主要来源及与环境因子之间的关系。研究结果表明,钦州湾海域表层COD的平均浓度为(1.21±0.55)mg/L,浓度范围为0.57~2.38 mg/L,水平分布呈现由湾内向湾外逐渐递减的趋势;秋季研究海域COD污染水平高于春季;COD对富营养化的贡献范围为42.1%~64.7%,平均贡献为(50.3±6.7)%,贡献随着富营养化指数的增加而减小;COD与盐度、pH存在显著负相关,而与DIN、SiO-23Si存在显著正相关。COD时空分布主要受陆地径流、陆源输入和水动力过程的影响,COD是影响钦州湾海域富营养化的重要因素,但并非决定性因子,富营养化程度加重时来自营养盐的贡献表现更为突出。
Based on the investigation data in the Qinzhou Bay in April(spring) and September(autumn) of 2010, the distribution characteristics of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and its influencing factors were studied. The pollution level was evaluated, and its contribution to the eutrophication in the study area was analyzed. Meanwhile, the main source of COD, the relationship between COD and environmental factors were also discussed. The results showed that the average concentration of COD was(1.21 ± 0.55) mg/L, with a range from 0.57 mg/L to 2.38 mg/L. The distribution of COD was characterized by a decreasing tendency from the upper bay to the outside bay in spring and autumn. The pollution level of COD in autumn was higher than that in spring. The range of contribution to the eutrophication was from 42.1% to 64.7%, and the mean value was(50.3 ± 6.7)%. The contribution decreased with the increase of eutrophication index. During the survey period, the content of COD showed a negative correlation with salinity and pH, while a positive correlation with DIN and SiO23-Si. The temporal and spatial distributions of COD were affected by the land runoff, terrestrial input and hydrodynamic process. COD was an important factor contributing to eutrophication, but was not the decisive factor., When the eutrophication degree increased, the contribution of nutrient to the eutrophication became more dramatic.
Based on the investigation data in the Qinzhou Bay in April(spring) and September(autumn) of 2010, the distribution characteristics of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and its influencing factors were studied. The pollution level was evaluated, and its contribution to the eutrophication in the study area was analyzed. Meanwhile, the main source of COD, the relationship between COD and environmental factors were also discussed. The results showed that the average concentration of COD was(1.21 ± 0.55) mg/L, with a range from 0.57 mg/L to 2.38 mg/L. The distribution of COD was characterized by a decreasing tendency from the upper bay to the outside bay in spring and autumn. The pollution level of COD in autumn was higher than that in spring. The range of contribution to the eutrophication was from 42.1% to 64.7%, and the mean value was(50.3 ± 6.7)%. The contribution decreased with the increase of eutrophication index. During the survey period, the content of COD showed a negative correlation with salinity and pH, while a positive correlation with DIN and SiO23-Si. The temporal and spatial distributions of COD were affected by the land runoff, terrestrial input and hydrodynamic process. COD was an important factor contributing to eutrophication, but was not the decisive factor., When the eutrophication degree increased, the contribution of nutrient to the eutrophication became more dramatic.
引文
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[9]杨斌,方怀义,钟秋平,等.钦州湾夏季营养盐的分布特征及富营养化评价[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):640-645.
[10]杨斌,钟秋平,张晨晓,等.钦州湾春季水质营养状况分析与评价[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(5):103-106.
[11]韦蔓新,何本茂.钦州湾近20a来水环境指标的变化趋势,Ⅲ微量重金属的含量分布及其来源分析[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(1):29-32.
[12]杨斌,钟秋平,李宗活,等.钦州湾表层海水重金属分布特征及其污染评价[J].广州化工,2012,40(11):146-147,173.
[13]韦蔓新,何本茂.钦州湾近20a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅳ有机污染物(COD)的含量变化及其补充、消减途径[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(4):48-51.
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[15]杨美兰,林钦,黄洪辉,等.珠江口水域化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征[J].海洋通报,2005,24(4):22-26.
[16]方倩,张传松,王修林.东海赤潮高发区COD的平面分布特征及其影响因素[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(增刊):173-178.
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[18]国家环境保护总局.海水水质标准(GB3097-1997)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[19]邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):41-54.
[20]李磊,王云龙,蒋玫,等.春、夏季长江口邻近海域COD分布特征、影响因素及对富营养化的贡献[J].海洋通报,2012,31(3):329-335.
[21]蓝文陆,杨绍美,苏伟.环钦州湾河流入海污染物通量及其对海水生态环境的影响[J].广西科学,2012,19(3):257-262.
[22]张运林,杨龙云,秦伯强,等.太湖北部湖区COD浓度空间分布及与其他要素的相关性研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1457-1462.
[23]姚野梅.长江口石油类污染状况调查[J].上海水产大学学报,1995,4(3):225-230.
[24]孟伟,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.长江口水体中氮、磷含量及其化学耗氧量的分析[J].环境科学,2004,25(6):65-68.
[25]何本茂,韦蔓新.钦州湾的生态环境特征及其与水体自净条件的关系分析[J].海洋通报,2004,23(4):50-54.
[26]广西海洋研究所.广西沿海重点港湾水动力条件调查研究报告[R].北海:广西海洋研究所,1993.
[27]郭全,王修林,韩秀荣,等.渤海海区COD分布及对海水富营养化贡献分析[J].海洋科学,2005,29(9):71-75.
[28]张传松,王修林,石晓勇,等.东海赤潮高发区COD和石油烃分布特征及其与赤潮发生关系的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1093-1096.
[29]广西北海海洋环境监测中心站.广西近岸海域2006~2010年环境质量报告[R].北海:广西北海海洋环境监测中心站,2011.
[30]蓝文陆.近20年广西钦州湾有机污染状况变化特征及生态影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5970-5976.
[31]蓝文陆.彭小燕.茅尾海富营养化程度评价及其对浮游植物生物量的影响[J].广西科学院学报,2011,27(2):109-112.
[2]国家海洋局南海分局北海海洋环境监测中心.广西入海污染源调查研究报告[R].北海:国家海洋局南海分局北海海洋环境监测中心,1998.
[3]韦蔓新,何本茂.钦州湾近20a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅳ有机污染物(COD)的含量变化及其补充、消减途径[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(4):48-51.
[4]李红山,黎松强.赤潮形成与富营养化有生化防治机理-污水深度处理与脱氮除磷[J].海洋技术,2002,21(2):69-73.
[5]孙冷,黄朝迎.赤潮及其影响[J].灾害学,1999,14(2):51-54.
[6]王颢,石晓勇,张传松,等.2004年春季东海赤潮高发区COD分布及其与赤潮关系的初步研究[J].海洋科学,2008,32(12):82-86.
[7]蔡清海.福建南部海岛周围海域的化学耗氧量分布[J].海洋通报,1998,17(5):40-45.
[8]韦蔓新,赖廷和,何本茂.钦州湾丰、枯水期营养状况变化趋势及其影响因素[J].热带海洋学报,2003,22(3):16-21.
[9]杨斌,方怀义,钟秋平,等.钦州湾夏季营养盐的分布特征及富营养化评价[J].海洋通报,2012,31(6):640-645.
[10]杨斌,钟秋平,张晨晓,等.钦州湾春季水质营养状况分析与评价[J].中国环境监测,2013,29(5):103-106.
[11]韦蔓新,何本茂.钦州湾近20a来水环境指标的变化趋势,Ⅲ微量重金属的含量分布及其来源分析[J].海洋环境科学,2004,23(1):29-32.
[12]杨斌,钟秋平,李宗活,等.钦州湾表层海水重金属分布特征及其污染评价[J].广州化工,2012,40(11):146-147,173.
[13]韦蔓新,何本茂.钦州湾近20a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅳ有机污染物(COD)的含量变化及其补充、消减途径[J].海洋环境科学,2006,25(4):48-51.
[14]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB17378.4-2007海洋监测规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[15]杨美兰,林钦,黄洪辉,等.珠江口水域化学耗氧量(COD)的分布特征[J].海洋通报,2005,24(4):22-26.
[16]方倩,张传松,王修林.东海赤潮高发区COD的平面分布特征及其影响因素[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(增刊):173-178.
[17]周爱国,蔡鹤生.地质环境质量评价理论与应用[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1998.
[18]国家环境保护总局.海水水质标准(GB3097-1997)[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[19]邹景忠,董丽萍,秦保平.渤海湾富营养化和赤潮问题的初步探讨[J].海洋环境科学,1983,2(2):41-54.
[20]李磊,王云龙,蒋玫,等.春、夏季长江口邻近海域COD分布特征、影响因素及对富营养化的贡献[J].海洋通报,2012,31(3):329-335.
[21]蓝文陆,杨绍美,苏伟.环钦州湾河流入海污染物通量及其对海水生态环境的影响[J].广西科学,2012,19(3):257-262.
[22]张运林,杨龙云,秦伯强,等.太湖北部湖区COD浓度空间分布及与其他要素的相关性研究[J].环境科学,2008,29(6):1457-1462.
[23]姚野梅.长江口石油类污染状况调查[J].上海水产大学学报,1995,4(3):225-230.
[24]孟伟,秦延文,郑丙辉,等.长江口水体中氮、磷含量及其化学耗氧量的分析[J].环境科学,2004,25(6):65-68.
[25]何本茂,韦蔓新.钦州湾的生态环境特征及其与水体自净条件的关系分析[J].海洋通报,2004,23(4):50-54.
[26]广西海洋研究所.广西沿海重点港湾水动力条件调查研究报告[R].北海:广西海洋研究所,1993.
[27]郭全,王修林,韩秀荣,等.渤海海区COD分布及对海水富营养化贡献分析[J].海洋科学,2005,29(9):71-75.
[28]张传松,王修林,石晓勇,等.东海赤潮高发区COD和石油烃分布特征及其与赤潮发生关系的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(7):1093-1096.
[29]广西北海海洋环境监测中心站.广西近岸海域2006~2010年环境质量报告[R].北海:广西北海海洋环境监测中心站,2011.
[30]蓝文陆.近20年广西钦州湾有机污染状况变化特征及生态影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(20):5970-5976.
[31]蓝文陆.彭小燕.茅尾海富营养化程度评价及其对浮游植物生物量的影响[J].广西科学院学报,2011,27(2):109-112.